Brandt's cormorant
Brandt's cormorant | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Suliformes |
Family: | Phalacrocoracidae |
Genus: | Urile |
Species: | U. penicillatus
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Binomial name | |
Urile penicillatus (Brandt, 1837)
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Synonyms | |
Phalacrocorax penicillatus |
Brandt's cormorant (Urile penicillatus) is a strictly marine bird of the cormorant family of seabirds that inhabits the Pacific coast of North America. It ranges, in the summer, from Alaska to the Gulf of California, but the population north of Vancouver Island migrates south during the winter. Its specific name, penicillatus is Latin for a painter's brush (pencil of hairs), in reference to white plumes on its neck and back during the early breeding season. The common name honors the German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt of the Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg, who described the species from specimens collected on expeditions to the Pacific during the early 19th century. The average size of a Brandt's cormorant is 4.6 pounds. They have a length of about 34 inches and their wingspan is 4 feet.[2]
It was formerly classified in the genus Phalacrocorax, but a 2014 study supported reclassifying it and several other Pacific cormorant species into the genus Urile.[3] The IOC followed this classification in 2021.[4]
Brandt's cormorants feed either singly or in flocks, and are adaptable in prey choice and undersea habitat. It feeds on small fish from the surface to sea floor, obtaining them, like all cormorants, by pursuit diving using its feet for propulsion. Prey is often what is most common: in central California, rockfish from the genus Sebastes is the most commonly taken, but off British Columbia, it is Pacific herring. Brandt's cormorants have been observed foraging at depths of over 36.5 m (120 ft) .
During the breeding season, adults have a blue throat patch. This species nests on the ground or on rocky outcroppings. Año Nuevo Island is an important seabird breeding colony in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, hosting Brandt’s cormorants among other species of seabirds.[5]
Behavior[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Brandt%27s_Cormorant_Nesting_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Brandt%27s_Cormorant_Nesting_%28cropped%29.png)
Brandt's cormorants live on the Pacific coast of North America, in habitats such as bays, estuaries, and lagoons.[2] They typically live in groups. They breed between March and August, and usually have 4 eggs.Young birds are cared for by both parents.[6][7]
Diet[]
Brandt's cormorants mostly eat fish such as herring and rockfish, but their diet can include other fish as well as shrimp and crabs.[6] To hunt, they dive beneath the surface of the ocean to catch fish. They can dive over 200 feet deep.[8] They can hunt either in groups or alone.[6]
References[]
- ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Urile penicillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22696753A133800026. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696753A133800026.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ a b Ventura, Mailing Address: 1901 Spinnaker Drive; Us, CA 93001 Phone:658-5730 Contact. "Brandt's Cormorant - Channel Islands National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ^ "Classification of the cormorants of the world". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 79: 249–257. 2014-10-01. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020. ISSN 1055-7903.
- ^ "Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-07-28.
- ^ "Birds". CA State Parks. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ a b c "Brandt's Cormorant". Audubon. 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ^ Mason, Mailing Address: Fort; Francisco, Bldg 201 San; otherwise, CA 94123 Phone:561-4323 Phone is answered daily from 10 am to 5 pm Leave a message; Us, we will get back to you Contact. "Brandts Cormorant - Presidio of San Francisco (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ^ "Brandt's Cormorant Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phalacrocorax penicillatus. |
- IUCN Red List least concern species
- Urile
- Native birds of Western Canada
- Native birds of the West Coast of the United States
- Birds of Mexico
- Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area
- Birds described in 1837
- Taxa named by Johann Friedrich von Brandt