Briz (rocket stage)
Manufacturer | Khrunichev |
---|---|
Country of origin | Russia |
General characteristics | |
Diameter | 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in)[1] |
Length | 2.60 metres (8 ft 6 in)[1] |
Gross mass | 6,475 kilograms (14,275 lb)[2] |
Propellant mass | 5,055 kilograms (11,144 lb)[2] |
Engine details | |
Engines | 1 S5.98M[2] |
Thrust | 19.6 kN (4,400 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 326 s |
Burn time | 3000 seconds |
Propellant | N2O4/UDMH |
Manufacturer | Khrunichev |
---|---|
Country of origin | Russia |
General characteristics | |
Diameter | 4.10 metres (13.5 ft)[3] |
Length | 2.61 metres (8 ft 7 in)[3] |
Gross mass | 22,500 kilograms (49,600 lb)[3] |
Propellant mass | 20,000 kilograms (44,000 lb)[3] |
Engine details | |
Engines | 1 S5.98M[3] |
Thrust | 19.6 kN (4,400 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 326 s |
Burn time | 3000 seconds |
Propellant | N2O4/UDMH |
The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M (Russian: Бриз-К, КM and M meaning Breeze-K, KM and M) are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M and Angara A5. The upper stages were also used on Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers, before its retirement in 2019.
Characteristics[]
Briz-K and Briz-KM[]
Briz-K, GRAU index 14S12, is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. Briz-KM (GRAU index 14S45) is an improved version of Briz-K.[4] The Briz-K and Briz-KM were used as a third stage of the Rokot launch vehicles.[5]
Briz-M[]
Briz-M, GRAU index 14S43, is designed for injecting large payloads into a low, medium-height or high geosynchronous orbit.[3] Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on toroidal tank surrounding the core.[3] It is powered by a pump-fed gimballed main engine, the 14D30.[6] The main engine can be restarted 8 times in flight and allows precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit.[7] Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours.[7] The total time of the standard Proton/Briz-M mission to geosynchronous orbit profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours.[7] A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.[7]
One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, the Block D upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo.[8] A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°.[9][10] Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/s residual velocity to GSO.[6] A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecraft into different orbits.[6]
History[]
The maiden flight of Briz-M took place on 5 July 1999. The flight was a failure, due to the explosion of the carrier rocket's second stage. The flight had a communications satellite as a payload.
Briz-M completed its first successful flight on 6the June 2000, when it delivered the Gorizont communications satellite into orbit.
It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the future Angara rocket family.[3]
Launch chronology[]
Proton-M/Briz-M[]
# | Launch date | Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5 July 1999 | Proton-K/Briz-Me | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Failure | communication satellite. | |
Launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage | ||||||
2 | 6 June 2000 | Proton-K/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Gorizont #45L communication satellite | First successful flight of the Briz-M |
3 | 7 April 2001 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Ekran-M #18L communications satellite | Maiden flight of Proton-M |
4 | 30 December 2002 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Nimiq 2 satellite | |
5 | 6 June 2003 | Proton-K/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Americom-9 communication satellite | |
6 | 10 December 2003 | Proton-K/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Three GLONASS positioning satellites (Kosmos -2402, -2403 and -2404 ) | |
7 | 15 March 2004 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Eutelsat W3A communications satellite | |
8 | 17 June 2004 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Intelsat-10-02 communications satellite | |
9 | 5 August 2004 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Amazonas 1 satellite | Delivered into an elliptical transfer orbit |
10 | 15 October 2004 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | AMC-15 communications satellite for SES Americom | |
11 | 3 February 2005 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | AMC-12 communications satellite for SES Americom | |
12 | 22 May 2005 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Direc TV-8 satellite | |
13 | 8 September 2005 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Anik-F1R satellite | |
14 | 29 December 2005 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | AMC-23 communications satellite | |
15 | 28 February 2006 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Failure | communication satellite | |
A Briz-M failure leaves it and the payload in unusable orbit, with Briz-M eventually exploding on 19 February 2007, producing over 1000 trackable pieces of space debris.[11][12] | ||||||
16 | 4 August 2006 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Hot Bird 8 communications satellite | Delivered into the geostationary orbit for the Eutelsat |
17 | 8 November 2006 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Arabsat-4B (Badr-4) communications satellite | |
18 | 11 December 2006 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | MEASAT-3 Malaysian communications satellite | |
19 | 10 April 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Anik F3 satellite for Telesat of Canada | |
20 | 7 July 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | DirecTV-10 satellite | |
21 | 6 September 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Failure | JCSAT-11 satellite | |
Proton-M with cargo crashed after second stage failure of a gimbal mechanism | ||||||
22 | 18 November 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | communications satellite | |
23 | 9 December 2007 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Raduga-1M #1 satellite | |
24 | 28 January 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Express AM33 satellite | |
25 | 11 February 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Thor 5 satellite | |
26 | 15 March 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Failure | AMC-14 satellite | AMC-14 deployed into useless orbit |
Failed during second Briz-M burn. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine.[13] | ||||||
27 | 19 August 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Inmarsat 4 F3 satellite | A modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the 14 March failure. This modification will be used in all future launches.[13][14] |
28 | 20 September 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Nimiq-4 satellite [15] | |
29 | 6 November 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Astra 1M satellite | |
30 | 10 December 2008 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Ciel-2 satellite [16] | |
31 | 11 February 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Express-AM44 and Express-MD1 satellites | |
32 | 3 April 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Eutelsat W2A satellite | |
33 | 16 May 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | ProtoStar 2 satellite | |
34 | 1 July 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Sirius FM-5 satellite [17] | |
35 | 12 August 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Asiasat 5 satellite | |
36 | 17 September 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Nimiq-5 satellite | |
37 | 24 November 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Eutelsat W7 satellite | |
38 | 29 December 2009 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | DirecTV 12 satellite | |
39 | 28 January 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Raduga-1M/Globus-1M military/communication satellites | |
40 | 12 February 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Intelsat 16 satellite | |
41 | 20 March 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Echostar-14 satellite | |
42 | 24 April 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | SES-1 satellite | |
43 | 4 June 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | BADR-5 satellite | |
44 | 11 July 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | EchoStar-15 satellite | |
45 | 14 October 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Sirius XM-5 satellite | |
46 | 14 November 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | SkyTerra-1 communication satellite | |
47 | 27 December 2010 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | KA-Sat communication satellite | |
48 | 20 May 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Telstar 14R satellite | |
49 | 16 July 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | KazSat-2 and SES-3 satellites | |
50 | 18 August 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Failure | Ekspress-AM4 satellite | |
Lost contact with Briz-M on fourth burn.[18] | ||||||
51 | 21 September 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Kosmos 2473 (Garpun) satellite | |
52 | 29 September 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | QuetzSat-1 satellite | |
53 | 19 October 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | ViaSat-1 satellite | |
54 | 4 November 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | 3 Glonass-M satellites.[19] | |
55 | 25 November 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | AsiaSat-7 communication satellite | |
56 | 11 December 2011 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | AMOS-5 (Spacecom) and Luch-5A satellites[citation needed] | |
57 | 14 February 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | SES-4 communication satellite[20] | |
58 | 25 March 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Intelsat-22 communication satellite | |
59 | 24 April 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | YahSat 1B communication satellite | |
60 | 17 May 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Nimiq-6 communication satellite | |
61 | 9 July 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | SES-5 communication satellite | |
62 | 6 August 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Failure | Telkom-3 and Ekspress-MD2 communication satellites[21] | |
Briz-M failure | ||||||
63 | 14 October 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Intelsat 23 communication satellite | |
64 | 3 November 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Luch-5B and Yamal-300K communication satellites | |
65 | 20 November 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | EchoStar-16 communication satellite | |
66 | 8 December 2012 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Partial failure | Yamal-402 communication satellite | Satellite placed close to designated orbit, it was possible to correct it[citation needed] |
Briz-M stage failure | ||||||
67 | 26 March 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Satmex 8 communications satellite | Satellite placed into Geostationary transfer orbit[22] |
68 | 15 April 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Anik-G1 satellite[23] | |
69 | 14 May 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Eutelsat-3D satellite[24] | |
70 | 3 June 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | SES-6 communication satellite | Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[25] |
71 | 30 September 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Astra-2E communication satellite | Satellite deployed into Geosynchronous transfer orbit[26] |
72 | 25 October 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Sirius FM-6 satellite | Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[27] |
73 | 12 November 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Raduga 1M #3 military communications satellite | All telemetry and data from the Briz-M was lost due to failed onboard data processing system (Pyrite), however the satellite was delivered to the correct orbit[28] |
74 | 8 December 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Inmarsat-5 F1 satellite | Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[29] |
75 | 26 December 2013 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Ekspress AM-5 satellite[30] | |
76 | 15 February 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Turksat-4A telecommunications satellite | Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[31] |
77 | 16 March 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Express AT1 and Express AT2 telecommunications satellites | Satellites deployed into Geostationary orbit[32] |
78 | 28 April 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Luch-5V and KazSat-3 communications satellites | Satellites deployed into Geosynchronous orbit[33] |
79 | 16 May 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Failure | Ekspress AM-4R satellite | |
Failed Proton-M third stage[34] | ||||||
80 | 28 September 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Olimp-K/Luch military communications satellite | Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[35] |
81 | 21 October 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Partial failure | Ekspress-AM6 satellite | Satellite placed close to designated orbit |
Satellite was delivered to a lower-than-planned orbit due to problems with the Briz-M. Later, Roscosmos stated that Ekspress-AM6 would be able to reach its planned orbit and expected to be operational by 1 July 2015[36] | ||||||
82 | 15 December 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Yamal 401 satellite | Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[37] |
83 | 28 December 2014 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Astra 2G satellite | Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[38] |
84 | 1 February 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Inmarsat 5-F2 satellite | Satellite deployed into Supersynchronous orbit [39] |
85 | 19 March 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Ekspress AM-7 communications satellite | Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit [40] |
86 | 16 May 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Failure | Mexsat-1 Centenario satellite | |
Third stage failure | ||||||
87 | 28 August 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Inmarsat-5 F3 communication satellite | |
88 | 16 October 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Turksat-4B communication satellite | |
89 | 13 December 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Kosmos-2513 (Garpun-12L) military/communication satellite | |
90 | 25 December 2015 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Ekspress-AMU1 communication satellite | |
91 | 30 January 2016 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Eutelsat-9B communication satellite | |
92 | 14 March 2016 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | ExoMars-2016[41] | Mars exploration/communication satellite |
93 | 9 June 2016 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Intelsat-31 (DLA-2) communications satellite | |
94 | 8 June 2017 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | EchoStar 21 communications satellite | |
95 | 16 August 2017 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Blagovest-11L communications satellite | |
96 | 11 September 2017 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Amazonas 5 communications satellite | |
97 | 28 September 2017 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | AsiaSat 9 communications satellite | |
98 | 18 April 2018 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Blagovest-12L military communications satellite | |
99 | 21 December 2018 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Blagovest-13L military communications satellite | |
100 | 30 May 2019 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Yamal-601 communications satellite | |
101 | 9 October 2019 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Kazakhstan | Success | Eutelsat 5 West B / MEV-1 | |
102 | 30 July 2020 | Proton-M/Briz-M | Baikonur, Khazakhstan | Success | Ekspress-80/Ekspress-103 |
Rokot/Briz-K/KM[]
Angara A5/Briz-M[]
# | Launch date | Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 23 December 2014 | Angara A5/Briz-M | Plesetsk, Russia | Success | Dummy satellite | Maiden flight of Russia's new-generation Angara A5 launch vehicle |
Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage[42] | ||||||
2 | 14 December 2020 | Angara A5/Briz-M | Plesetsk, Russia | Success | Dummy satellite | Second launch of the Angara A5/Briz-M |
Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage |
References[]
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- Expendable space launch systems
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