Bruce Conforth

Bruce Michael Conforth (born September 3, 1950) is an American academic, author, lecturer, and musician. He was the first curator of Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.^[1]

Early years[]

Conforth was born in Paterson, New Jersey, and grew up in New Jersey and New York City.^[2] He became an artist and musician at an early age. In 1966 he appeared on an album called It's Happening Here as the bass player for a band called The Nightwatch.^[3] He was an athlete in high school, winning several letters and medals for his abilities as a long jumper, quarter-miler, and a member of the mile-relay team.^[4]

The 1960s[]

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Conforth joined the early 1960s folk scene in New York City's Greenwich Village. He knew, and studied with performers such as Dave Van Ronk, Happy and Artie Traum, Izzy Young, Reverend Gary Davis, and Allen Ginsberg. He frequented Izzy Young's Folklore Center, the Fretted Instruments music center, The Cafe Au Go Go, Cafe Wha? (where Jimi Hendrix performed as Jimi James and the Blue Flames), The Balloon Farm in the East Village (which later became the Electric Circus), the 8th Street Bookstore, and Washington Square Park.

During this time he also made the acquaintance of Drs. Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert (better known as Ram Dass), and began his interest in altered states of consciousness.

Conforth received a scholarship to art school after graduation from high school and while enrolled spent one summer as an apprentice to the American abstract expressionist Willem de Kooning at the latter's Springs, New York studio.

He had several shows of his work but then seemed to have dropped painting to turn his attention to music. He played with several bands during this time, although their exact names are unknown (much time and speculation has been devoted to identifying the names of these bands).

The 1970s[]

Conforth was a member of a band called Ruby and the Dykes, which toured the East Coast. He also played with a band called The Shook, and was a friend of John Sinclair manager of the MC5.

In 1973 he was the editor of a short-lived literary magazine called Slowglass whose contributors included Charles Bukowski, Allen Ginsberg, and John Lennon.^[5]

In 1977 he appeared as "Josh Hawkins" (part of the duet Bates and Hawkins) on an album called "Ragtime, Blues and Jive" (also featuring fiddle great Kenny Kosek) and performed under that name around the East Coast (New York's Gerde's Folk City, The Bitter End) and at the Middletown Folk Festival in Middletown, New Jersey.^[6]

The 1980s[]

In 1980 Conforth began attending graduate school at Indiana University Bloomington, where he majored in folklore, ethnomusicology, and American Studies.^[7] He married the former Jeanne Harrah and they combined their last names; for the next decade he was known as Bruce Harrah-Conforth. He continued to play music, appearing in a local band called The Extremes. While at Indiana University he worked at the University's Archives of Traditional Music, contributing a number of articles to their newsletter "Resound".^[8] Through his work at the Archives, he became involved with the still relatively unknown collection of African-American folk recordings of Lawrence Gellert. He produced two albums of songs from this collection. The first, in 1982, was on Rounder Records,"Cap'n You're So mean" (RR#4013 ^[9]) was recognized by the Library of Congress as one of that year's most outstanding folk recordings.^[10] The second, "Nobody Knows My Name" was issued by the English company Heritage Records (HT304 ^[9]) in 1984. Conforth wrote his 1984 Master's thesis on the collection: "Laughing Just to Keep from Crying: Afro-American Folksong and the Field Recordings of Lawrence Gellert".

In 1985 Conforth completed his PhD, which was titled "The Rise and Fall of a Modern Folk Community: Haight-Ashbury 1965-1967." It contains many interviews with the founding musicians of the "San Francisco Sound."^[11]

During the 1980s Harrah-Conforth became involved in researching the use of light and sound stimulation in inducing altered states of consciousness in humans. He produced a work titled "Accessing Alternity" that described the history of man's quest into this area.^[12] In "A History of Light and Sound", Michael Hutchison wrote:

The report by Harrah-Conforth suggests that sound and light devices may cause simultaneous ergotropic arousal, or arousal of the sympathetic nervous system and the cerebral cortex, associated with 'creative' and 'ecstatic experiences,' and trophotropic arousal, or the arousal of the parasympathetic system, associated with deep relaxation and 'the timeless, "oceanic" mode of the mystic experience.' In humans, Dr. Harrah-Conforth concludes, 'these two states may be interpreted as hyper- and hypo- arousal, or ecstasy and samadhi.

The 1990s[]

In May 1991 he was named the founding curator of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland.^[2] His initial duties were to create the collections for the Museum. Among the artists he worked with were The Allman Brothers, The Grateful Dead, Yoko Ono, Ringo Starr, U2, Eric Clapton, Ray Charles, B. B. King, The Everly Brothers, The Kinks, Jeff Beck, Tom Petty, The Yardbirds, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Eric Burdon, Dire Straits, Neil Young, Aretha Franklin, Johnny Cash, The Beach Boys, The Doors, James Brown, Carl Perkins, and The Eagles, some of whom he had known during his own days as a performer.^{[not specific enough to verify]} The early years of the Rock Hall saw some tensions develop friction between the two boards of directors: one in Cleveland made of local businessmen, and one in New York City (the location of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation) populated by industry executives such as Ahmet Ertegun of Atlantic Records and Jann Wenner of Rolling Stone Magazine. With the construction of the building almost complete, Conforth left the job. He was alleged to have written a tell-all book called "Don't Rock the Hall" but the work has never been published.^[13]

After leaving the Museum, Conforth was appointed one of six "founding faculty" designated to create the programs for a "New College of Global Studies" being created by Radford University in Radford, Virginia.^[14] While there he worked with noted neuro-psychologist Dr. Karl Pribram at his Center for Brain Research.

In 1995 Conforth took his first trip to Nepal and immediately developed a deep interest in the region and in the religion of Tibetan Buddhism. For the following five years he worked as a trekking guide in that area. The New College eventually closed when Virginia Governor George Allen stripped its budget.

In 1996 Conforth founded Castalia II, an organization dedicated to the exploration of consciousness. Board members included Dr. Timothy Leary, Dr. Charles Tart, Dr. (of the Albert Hofmann Foundation), physicist Dr. Fred Alan Wolf, and other "psychedelic" notables.

The 2000s - 2010s[]

In 2000, Conforth was appointed Director of the Jewel Heart Center for Tibetan Buddhism and Culture in Ann Arbor, Michigan, founded by the Buddhist teacher, Gelek Rinpoche.^[15] He also began teaching part-time at the University of Michigan. He left Jewel Heart in 2004 and became a full-time member of the University's Program in American Culture.

As part of the American Culture Department, Conforth developed and taught courses on American popular music, including blues and folk music, and folklore.^{[citation needed]} On March 14, 2012, Conforth received the University of Michigan's Golden Apple Award for outstanding teaching.^[16]

Recent publications and research[]

In May 2013, Conforth's book African American Folksong and American Cultural Politics: The Lawrence Gellert Story,^[17] was published by Scarecrow Press, an imprint of Rowman and Littlefield publishers.^[18] Conforth taught folklore, blues music, popular culture, and the history of social movements at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor until 2017.^[19]

His current work includes researching the life of bluesman Robert Johnson; a 2008 publication concerned Isaiah "Ike" Zimmerman, Johnson's main guitar mentor.^[20] In 2013 he published the article "The Death of Robert Johnson's Wife" discussing Johnson's wife Virginia Travis and her untimely death during childbirth.^[21] He once again published an article on Robert Johnson titled "The Business of Robert Johnson Fakery".^[22] The article discussed the identity theft and unscrupulous business of falsely authenticating material (photos, guitars, etc.) supposedly associated with Johnson.

In June 2019 Conforth co-authored, with blues scholar and author Gayle Dean Wardlow, the definitive Johnson biography, Up Jumped the Devil: The Real Life of Robert Johnson, published by Chicago Review Press.^[23] The book has been called "the definitive Robert Johnson biography" (Elijah Wald), and "a tremendously important work. It not only finally reveals everything we wanted to know about Robert Johnson, but will rewrite the history of the blues" (Lawrence Cohn).^[23] The book won the 2020 Penderyn Prize for being the best music book of any type for 2019,^[24] and also won both of the 27th Annual Living Blues book awards: the Critics Poll Award as the Best Blues Book of the Year and the Reader's Choice Poll as the Best Blues Book of 2019.^[25] Up Jumped the Devil: The Real Life of Robert Johnson was published in the UK by Omnibus Press,^[26] and in France by Castor Music as Et le diable a surgi: La vraie vie de Robert Johnson.^[27]

Sexual assault allegations[]

In April 2021, Conforth was accused of sexually assaulting, harassing, and stalking several students during his tenure at the University of Michigan. This followed Conforth's recommended retirement in 2016, after over 10 years of such reports.^[28]

References[]