Butler University

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Butler University
Butler University seal.svg
Former names
North-Western Christian University (1855–1877)
MottoEducation, Research, Service
TypePrivate university
Established1855
Academic affiliations
Council of Independent Colleges
Endowment$212.0 million (2020)[1]
PresidentJames Danko
ProvostKathryn Morris
Academic staff
328[2]
Undergraduates4,481
Postgraduates541
Location
Indianapolis
,
Indiana
,
United States

39°50′22″N 86°10′17″W / 39.83944°N 86.17139°W / 39.83944; -86.17139Coordinates: 39°50′22″N 86°10′17″W / 39.83944°N 86.17139°W / 39.83944; -86.17139
CampusUrban: 295 acres (119 ha)[2]
ColorsButler Blue, White[3]
         
NicknameBulldogs
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division I Big East, Pioneer League (football)
MascotBlue IV "Blue"
Hink
Websitewww.butler.edu
Butler University logo.svg

Butler University is a private university in Indianapolis, Indiana. Founded in 1855 and named after founder Ovid Butler, the university has over 60 major academic fields of study in six colleges: the Lacy School of Business, College of Communication, College of Education, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, and Jordan College of the Arts. Its 295-acre (119 ha) campus is approximately five miles (8.0 km) from downtown Indianapolis.

History[]

Illustrations depicting buildings on the school's Irvington campus in 1896

On January 15, 1850, the Indiana General Assembly adopted Ovid Butler's proposed charter for a new Christian university in Indianapolis. After five years in development, the school opened on November 1, 1855, as North-Western Christian University at 13th Street and College Avenue on Indianapolis's near northside at the eastern edge of the present-day Old Northside Historic District. Attorney and university founder Ovid Butler provided the property.[4][5][6] The university was founded by members of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), although it was never controlled by the church. The university's charter called for "a non-sectarian institution free from the taint of slavery, offering instruction in every branch of liberal and professional education."[4] The university was the first in Indiana and the third in the United States to admit both men and women.[4]

The university established the first professorship in English literature and the first Department of English in the state of Indiana. In 1869 Ovid Butler endowed the Demia Butler Chair of English Literature in honor of his daughter who died in 1867. Demia Butler was the first woman to graduate from the Classical course at the university. The chair was the first endowed position at an American university designated for a female professor.[4][7] Catharine Merrill, was the first to occupy the Demia Butler Chair of English Literature in 1869. Merrill was just the second female university professor in the country.[8] Today the Demia Butler Chair of English Literature is occupied by Susan Neville.

The university moved to a new site in the community of Irvington, on the east side of Indianapolis, in 1875, and changed its name to Butler University in 1877.[9][10]

The university's department of religion became a separate Christian Church seminary and "college of applied Christianity" in 1924; it was variously called the School of Religion and the College of Religion.[11]

In 1930, Butler merged with the Teacher's College of Indianapolis, founded by Eliza Cooper Blaker, creating the university's second college. The third college, the College of Business Administration, was established in 1937, and the College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences was established in 1945, following a merger that absorbed the Indianapolis College of Pharmacy. The Jordan College of Fine Arts, the university's fifth college, was established in 1951, following a merger with the Arthur Jordan Conservatory of Music. Butler's School of Religion, established in 1924, became independent in 1958 and is currently known as the Christian Theological Seminary.[5]

Campuses[]

Irvington campus[]

The bell tower within Holcomb Gardens

The original location of the school was 13th Street and College Avenue on the near-northside of Indianapolis.[6] In 1875, the university, renamed for Ovid Butler "in recognition of Ovid Butler's inspirational vision, determined leadership, and financial support," moved to a 25-acre (10 ha) campus in Irvington, which at the time was an independent suburb of Indianapolis. The campus consisted of several buildings, including an observatory, most of which was demolished in 1939. The Bona Thompson Library at the intersection of Downey and University avenues, designed by architects Henry H. Dupont and Jesse T. Johnson, is the only remaining building, although several buildings that housed faculty remain, including the Benton House.[4][5]

Fairview campus[]

Enrollment at Butler increased following the end of World War I, prompting the administration to examine the need for a larger campus. The new and current campus, designed in part by noted architect George Sheridan, was formed on the site of Fairview Park, a former amusement park on the city's northwest side.[4][5] Classes began on the campus in 1928.[2]

Buildings[]

The first building on the Fairview campus was Arthur Jordan Memorial Hall, designed by Robert Frost Daggett and Thomas Hibben. The structure's Collegiate Gothic style of architecture, also used in the original William Tinsley-designed 13th Street and College Avenue building, set the tone for subsequent buildings erected on the campus over the next three decades.[4][5] Also, in 1928, the Butler Fieldhouse (later renamed Hinkle Fieldhouse) was completed after being designed by architect Fermor Spencer Cannon. The building remained the largest indoor sports facility in the state until the mid-1960s. The Religion Building and Sweeney Chapel were completed in 1942. These structures, designed by Burns and James, were remodeled into Robertson Hall in 1966.[4][5] The building now serves as the university's alumni and admissions offices.

Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium, home to the largest telescope in the state of Indiana

Following World War II, construction began on the student center, Atherton Union (designed by McGuire and Shook). This building was remodeled in 1993 and includes an on-campus Starbucks. McGuire and Shook also designed Ross Hall, a dormitory originally designed for men but is now coed, and Schwitzer Hall, a women's dormitory. Art Lindbergh, with help from Daggett, designed the Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium, which was dedicated in 1955. This building houses Indiana's largest telescope.[4][5]

Acclaimed architect Minoru Yamasaki, who designed the World Trade Center, designed Irwin Library, which opened in 1963 and serves as the university's main library. Also, in the early 1960s, Lilly Hall and Clowes Memorial Hall were constructed following the move of the Arthur Jordan Conservatory of Music to the campus. Clowes Hall, which opened in 1963, was co-designed by Indianapolis architect Evans Woollen III (founder of Woollen, Molzan and Partners) and John M. Johansen (of New Canaan, Connecticut). Ten years following the construction of Clowes Hall and Irwin Library, the science complex of Gallahue Hall and the Holcomb Research Institute (now known as Holcomb Building) were built, completing the "U" shaped complex of academic buildings.[4][5][12] The Holcomb Building now houses the College of Business, Ruth Lilly Science Library, and Information Technology.[13]

The Residential College ("ResCo"), designed by James and Associates, was the university's last major construction project of the twentieth century. Completed in 1990 the building serves as a cafeteria and a dormitory.[4][5] In 2001, the Fairbanks Center for Communication and Technology was opened to house the school's communication programs of communication studies, journalism, and media arts as well as computer science. The Fairbanks Center houses two multi-purpose studios for video, television, and music production, as well as three professional music and audio recording studios. Early 2004 saw the addition of the Eidson-Duckwall Recital Hall onto Robertson Hall. The 140-seat concert venue serves as a showplace for student, faculty, and guest recitals.[14]

Atherton Union

Butler built the 85,000-square-foot (7,900 m2) Health and Recreation Complex (HRC) in 2005. Opening in 2006, the HRC offers a jogging track around a two-court gymnasium, an aquatic complex, free-weight room, cardio and selectorized weight machine area, fitness assessment and massage therapy room, a sauna, two multipurpose rooms, and locker rooms. Outside of the dedicated fitness space, the building houses a health center, counseling and consultation services, conference room, juice bar, and student lounge.

The Apartment Village also opened in 2006 as housing for juniors and seniors. Each apartment contains four private bedrooms with a single bed, dresser, and desk with a chair; two bathrooms; a full kitchen, including a dishwasher, disposal, microwave, and a four-stool dining counter; air-conditioning; cable television; and Ethernet and wireless access in each room. The Village has a centrally located community center, The Dawghouse, which includes a convenience store, a career and computer a resource lab, a game room, laundry facilities, and a staffed resource desk.

On May 8, 2008, Butler broke ground on a 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m2), four-story addition to the Pharmacy and Health Sciences Building. This building, designed by Browning Day Mullins Dierdorf, is home to faculty offices, classrooms, and laboratories to support Butler's Pharmacy and Physician Assistant (PA) programs.[15]

In 2013, the Howard L. Schrott Center for the Arts opened. It features a 450-seat performance hall and sustainable "green" parking improvements.

Other important sites on campus include Holcomb Gardens, 20-acre (8.1 ha) gardens containing a statue of Persephone, a pond, and a local canal; Clowes Memorial Hall; Hinkle Fieldhouse; Irwin Library, designed by Minoru Yamasaki; and Holcomb Observatory and Planetarium, home to the largest telescope in Indiana.

Facilities [16] has overall responsibility for planning, maintaining and building Butler's campus.

Academics[]

Academic rankings
National
Forbes[17] 216
THE/WSJ[18] 217
Regional
U.S. News & World Report[19] 1
Master's University class
Washington Monthly[20] 163

Over 60 major academic fields of study, 8 pre-professional programs, and 19 graduate programs are offered in six academic colleges: Arts, Business, Communication, Education, Liberal Arts and Sciences, and Pharmacy and Health Sciences. Butler ranks 1st for Midwest Regional Universities in U.S. News & World Report's 2019 Best Colleges. The university emphasizes the practicality of knowledge and offers individual attention to its students with its small class size and no teaching assistants. Butler University increased its focus on faculty and student research with the Butler Institute for Research and Scholarship (BIRS), bolstered by a $1 million grant from Lilly Endowment.[21] The university also provides student research opportunities, such as the Butler Summer Institute, a 10-week program in which Butler students are granted funding to perform independent research with a faculty member.[22]

The university is organized into the following schools and colleges:

  • Andre B. Lacy School of Business
  • College of Communication
  • College of Education
  • College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
  • College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
  • Jordan College of the Arts

Athletics[]

Main article: Butler Bulldogs

Butler's athletic teams, known as the Bulldogs, compete in Division I of the NCAA. On July 1, 2012, the Bulldogs left the Horizon League, their conference home since 1979, for the Atlantic 10 Conference.[23][24] Since the A-10 does not sponsor football, the Butler football team plays in the FCS's Pioneer League. The women's golf team at Butler joined the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, as the A-10 sponsors the sport only for men.

On March 20, 2013, it was officially announced that Butler would leave the Atlantic 10 Conference and became a founding member of the reconfigured Big East Conference July 1, 2013.[25][26]

In the past decade, Butler teams have captured 26 conference championships (in four different leagues). The Bulldogs have made appearances in NCAA National Championship Tournaments in men's and women's basketball, men's soccer, volleyball, men's cross country, lacrosse, and baseball. Butler won the James J. McCafferty trophy, awarded annually by the Horizon League for all-sports excellence based on conference championship points, seven times, including three-straight from 1996–97 to 1998–99 and back-to-back years in 2001–02 and 2002–03, 2006–07, and 2009–10.[27]

Men's basketball[]

Former Butler head coach Brad Stevens, seen here speaking with A.J. Graves, led his teams to two NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship games in his six seasons as head coach (2007–2013).
Main article: Butler Bulldogs men's basketball

The Butler program was one of the most successful "mid-major" basketball programs from 2000 to 2011, having won at least 20 games and reached postseason play eight of the last ten seasons, including six NCAA Tournament appearances.[28] Butler also holds two national championships in men's basketball from the pre-tournament era: one from 1924 (earned via the AAU national tournament), and one from 1929 (selected by the Veteran Athletes of Philadelphia).[29]

In 2010 and 2011, Butler qualified for consecutive national championship games. The 2010 Butler team, led by star player Gordon Hayward, advanced to the national championship game where they lost a close game to Duke. With a total enrollment of only 4,500 students, Butler is the smallest school to play for a national championship since the tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985. In 2011, the Bulldogs advanced to the championship game but finished as runners-up again, this time losing to Connecticut.

Butler has the best winning percentage and most wins of all Division I men's basketball programs in the state of Indiana over the last decade (21.6 wins per year through 2006). Until the 2015 Round of 32 loss in overtime to the Irish, Butler had won the previous six meetings with in-state rival Notre Dame and two of the last four against Indiana.[30][31] Butler defeated both Notre Dame and Indiana during 2006–07 regular season, while also defeating in-state rival Purdue to move to 2–0 against the Boilermakers this decade. Butler has also been the defending champion of the Hoosier Classic men's basketball tournament since the 2001–02 season,[32][33] and has advanced to postseason play nine of the last eleven years (7 NCAAs, 2 NITs). Butler has been to 15 NCAA Tournaments and three NITs since 1997.

Football[]

Main article: Butler Bulldogs football

Over the course of 81 seasons from 1932 to 2013, Bulldog football teams have won 34 conference championships. This includes seven straight Indiana Collegiate Conference titles from 1934 to 1940, league titles in 1946, 1947, 1952, and 1953, and seven straight from 1958 to 1964, all under Tony Hinkle. Following the move from the College Division to NCAA Division II, Butler won 4 straight conference championships from 1972 to 1975, and in 1977, all under the guidance of Bill Sylvester, Sr. Butler went on to win league titles in 1983, 1985, and three straight from 1987 to 1989, under coach Bill Lynch. The Bulldogs also went to the NCAA Division II playoffs in 1983 and 1988. Butler and fellow HCC member schools joined with the Great Lakes Valley Conference to form the Midwest Intercollegiate Football Conference (now the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference). Butler's football dominance continued in this new conference with MIFC Conference Championships in both 1991 and 1992. These championships included a trip to the NCAA Division II playoffs in 1991 pairing Butler against eventual Division II champion Pittsburg State.

Following the 1992 season, Butler and member school Valparaiso moved up to NCAA Division I-AA (now Division I FCS) to join with Dayton, Drake, Evansville, and San Diego to form the Pioneer Football League. Butler won another conference championship in 1994. In this era, "the Dawgs" were led by Arnold Mickens who broke numerous NCAA Division I rushing records, including eight straight 200-yard (180 m) performances during the campaign. In 2009, Butler won its 32nd league title by winning the Pioneer Football League championship under Coach Jeff Voris. The Bulldogs set a school record with 11 wins and went on to the Gridiron Classic, winning over Central Connecticut State 28–23. The Bulldogs' latest championships came in 2012 and 2013 when the Bulldogs won seven league victories each season to secure the share of the PFL Championships. This is the Bulldogs' fourth PFL Championship and the third in the last five years. Butler also earned a berth to the 2013 Division I FCS playoffs, the PFL's first automatic bid for the Division I football championships.

Hoosier Helmet Trophy[]

The Hoosier Helmet Trophy was established as the trophy helmet for the rivalry football game played between Butler and Valparaiso University. The Hoosier Helmet was created prior to the 2006 season to commemorate the football rivalry that has existed since 1921. The helmet trophy was created to further intensify the rivalry between these two teams. A group of Butler players, along with their head coach, Jeff Voris, came up with the idea. After Valparaiso head coach Stacey Adams agreed to play for the helmet, Butler equipment manager John Harding put the trophy together.

The white helmet is mounted on a hardwood plaque and features each team's logo on the respective sides of the helmet. A gold plate is added each year to commemorate the winner and score of the contest. Currently, Butler holds a 9–4 series lead when playing for the Hoosier Helmet. Both Butler and Valparaiso compete in the NCAA Division I-FCS (formerly Division I-AA), non-scholarship Pioneer Football League.

Men's soccer[]

Butler's men's soccer qualified for the NCAA Tournament in 1995, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2009, 2010, 2016, and 2017, reaching the round of 16 in 1995, 1998, and 2017. Butler won the Big East tournament title in 2016 and the Horizon League (formerly the MCC) tournament titles in 1995, 1997, 1998, 2001, and 2010. They also won or shared the regular-season title seven times, including 1994, 1996, 1998, 2004, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The 1998 squad enjoyed national rankings as high as No. 8 in the country, and the 2010 squad finished the regular season as the only undefeated team nationally and were ranked as high as No. 6 in the country.

Cross country[]

Some of Butler's most notable athletic accomplishments have come in cross country. Butler won 13 straight Horizon League Championships in men's cross country and 8 women's championships. Since moving to the Big East, both teams have captured Big East Conference Championships. The men's team placed 4th in the nation in 2004 earning a team trophy at the NCAA Division I championships, and finished 13th in the nation at the 2020 NCAA Division 1 championships. Both teams have frequently qualified for nationals in recent years, placing individuals as high as 3rd (Mark Tucker, 2003). All-Americans from the Butler cross country team include Julius Mwangi, Justin Young, Fraser Thompson (A Rhodes Scholar), Mark Tucker, Olly Laws, and Andrew Baker, Katie Clark, Mara Olson, Erik Peterson, Olivia Pratt, Euan Makepeace, and Simon Bedard. Former coach Joe Franklin was named NCAA Division I Coach of the Year for leading the Bulldogs to their 2004 4th-place finish. In 2013, the women's cross country team added another trophy finish by placing 3rd in the country at the NCAA cross country championships. With the recent move into the Big East Conference, Butler has aligned itself with some of the most notable programs in the country.

Student life[]

Students at Butler University participate in more than 150 student organizations and dozens of club and intramural sports, and many multi-cultural programs and services. More than 94 percent of students are involved in campus activities.[34]

Greek organizations[]

Greek life is a popular option at Butler with over 35 percent of undergraduates becoming members of social fraternities or sororities.[34] Fraternities and sororities have long been a part of student life at Butler, with the first fraternity established in 1859, and the first sorority established in 1874. Today, representatives from each of the seven active fraternities make up the Interfraternity Council (IFC), which coordinates men's recruitment and works with the Panhellenic Council to plan all-campus events.[35] The Panhellenic Council has representatives from each of Butler's seven active sororities and women's fraternities.

Interfraternity Council chapters[]

  • Delta Tau Delta—Beta Zeta chapter (est. 1878)
  • Phi Delta Theta—Indiana Gamma chapter (est. 1859)
  • Sigma Chi—Rho chapter (est. 1865)
  • Sigma Nu—Epsilon Mu chapter (est. 1926)
  • Beta Theta Pi - Alpha Psi Chapter (est. 2017)
  • Lambda Chi Alpha - Alpha Alpha Zeta (re-est. 2019)
  • Phi Kappa Psi—Indiana Zeta chapter (re-est. 2021)

Panhellenic Council chapters[]

Closed chapters[]

National Panhellenic Council chapters[]

On Sunday, November 12, 1922, the Alpha chapter of Sigma Gamma Rho was founded at Butler University by a mix of undergraduate and graduate students.[36] The sorority had its beginnings on the original Irvington campus of Butler University. While most NPHC undergraduate chapters have citywide memberships with students from more than one university, the Alpha chapter of Sigma Gamma Rho is composed only of Butler students.[37] Part of the original of Black Greek letter organizations, Sigma Gamma Rho is one of two Indiana based historically all-black Greek organizations in the state.

Today there is a commemorative stained glass window located just outside the tower room at the south end of Atherton Union, as well as decorative bricks on the right side of Atherton.

Service and professional fraternities[]

  • Alpha Kappa Psi, National Professional Business Society, Lambda Upsilon chapter
  • Alpha Phi Omega, National Coed Service Fraternity, Alpha Tau chapter
  • Alpha Psi Omega, Theatre Professional Society, Omicron Epsilon chapter
  • Kappa Psi, National Professional Society in Pharmacy
  • Lambda Kappa Sigma, International Fraternity of Women in Pharmacy
  • Mu Phi Epsilon, Professional Music Education Society
  • Sigma Alpha Iota, International Women's Music Fraternity
  • Sigma Rho Delta, National Dance Society, Alpha chapter (est. 1967)
  • Phi Delta Chi, National Professional Pharmacy Society, Alpha Phi chapter (est. 1955)
  • Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, National Music Fraternity, Alpha Sigma chapter

Honor societies[]

  • Kappa Delta Pi, National Honorary Society in Education
  • Kappa Kappa Psi, National Honorary Band Society, Alpha Beta chapter (est. 1929)
  • Lambda Pi Eta, National Communication Honorary Society, Upsilon Delta chapter (est. 2007)
  • Pi Sigma Alpha, National Political Science Honorary Society, Sigma Gamma chapter
  • Pi Kappa Delta, National Forensics Honorary (dedicated to Speech and Debate), Zeta chapter (2011)
  • Sigma Delta Pi, National Collegiate Hispanic Honor Society, Delta Upsilon chapter
  • Sigma Pi Sigma, Physics Honorary Society
  • Tau Beta Sigma, National Honorary Band Society, Epsilon chapter (est. 1946)
  • Upsilon Pi Epsilon, Computer and Information Honorary Society (est. 2001)
  • Phi Beta Kappa, Academic Honor Society (est. 2009)
  • Phi Eta Sigma, National Honorary Society for Freshmen
  • Phi Lambda Sigma, National Pharmacy Honorary Society, Pi chapter
  • Rho Chi, Professional Honorary Society for Students and Professors of Pharmacy, Alpha Phi chapter (est. 1953)
  • Psi Chi, International Honor Society in Psychology (est. 1997)
  • Order of Omega, National Greek Leadership Society, Nu Upsilon Chapter (est. 1993)

Spiritual organizations[]

The Center for Faith and Vocation[38] (known on campus as "The Blue House") is the hub for campus faith communities. The CFV helps students connect their spiritual journeys with career goals. The CFV places students in internship experiences[39] to help determine their vocation. The Faculty/Staff Workshop[40]—held twice a year—trains staff and faculty on how to help students live lives of purpose and meaning.

Faith communities on campus:

  • Butler Catholic Community
  • Butler Meditation Group
  • Coalition for Christian Outreach (non-denominational)
  • Converge (non-denominational Christian)
  • Cru (evangelical Christian)
  • Grace Unlimited
  • Hillel
  • Muslim Student Association
  • Orthodox Christian Association
  • Reclaimed (United Methodist)
  • Secular Student Alliance
  • Voices of Deliverance
  • Young Life

Competitive organizations[]

Notable people[]

Alumni[]

Harry Stewart New
49th United States Postmaster General
United States Senator
US Army Captain (Spanish–American War)
Ed Carpenter
IndyCar Series Driver
Dan Johnson
Major League Baseball Player

Faculty and staff[]

  • Igor Buketoff, conductor and teacher
  • Gordon Clark, philosopher and Calvinist theologian
  • Michael J. Colburn, 27th Director of the United States Marine Band and a colonel in the Marine Corps.
  • Joe Franklin, 2004 NCAA Division I Cross Country Coach of the Year
  • Paul D. "Tony" Hinkle, developed the orange basketball
  • Henry Leck, Associate Professor of Music and Director of Indianapolis Children's Choir
  • Catharine Merrill, first Demia Butler Chair of English Literature[8]
  • Susan Neville, current Demia Butler Chair in English, author, and creative writing professor
  • Matt Pivec, saxophonist
  • Michael Schelle, composer and teacher
  • Marvin Scott, professor, former President of St. Paul's College, Virginia, and 2004 Republican Candidate for the U.S. Senate
  • Brad Stevens, a former head basketball coach from 2007 to 2013 and current head coach of the Boston Celtics
  • Emma Lou Thornbrough, historian of the Midwest and of African American history

See also[]

References[]

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  3. ^ "Color Palette". Retrieved May 31, 2017.[permanent dead link]
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  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Merrill began her fourteen-year teaching career at the school in its 1869–70 academic year and resigned the professorship in 1883. See: Burriss, Natalie (Spring 2014). "Quite Progressive: The Life and Accomplishments of Catharine Merrill, 1824–1900". Connections: The Hoosier Geneolgist. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. 54 (1): 52–53. See also: Linda C. Gugin and James E. St. Clair, eds. (2015). Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-87195-387-2.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Catharine Merrill and Katharine Merrill Graydon (1934). Catharine Merrill, Life and Letters: Collected and Arranged. Greenfield, IN: The Mitchell Company. pp. 373–74, 376–77. OCLC 7102104.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  10. ^ Waller, George M. (2006). Butler University : A Sesquicentennial History. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-253-34723-8.
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  13. ^ Information Technology.
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  15. ^ Butler Breaks Ground on $14 Million Pharmacy, Health Sciences Addition Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, (Butler University), published May 8, 2008.
  16. ^ Facilities
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  20. ^ "2020 Rankings -- Masters Universities". Washington Monthly. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
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  36. ^ , Wikipedia, February 19, 2020, retrieved March 2, 2020
  37. ^ National Pan-Hellenic Council Archived June 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, (Butler University), retrieved June 10, 2010.
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  39. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 12, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  40. ^ Faculty/Staff Workshop Archived November 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ Eason, Brian; Wang, Stephanie; Adams, Michael Anthony (October 3, 2014). "Indianapolis native Peter Kassig named next ISIS target". Indianapolis Star.

External links[]

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