CNPJ

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The Federal Government interest in simplifying its registration procedures on companies appears in the mid-90's, but it was only in 1998, through the SRF Normative Instruction No. 27, that the CNPJ (short for Cadastro Nacional da Pessoa Jurídica in Portuguese, or 'National Registry of Legal Entities') was created, replacing the former system, CGC (short for Cadastro Geral de Contribuintes in Portuguese, or 'General Taxpayers Registry'). At the end of 2003 it gained a new impulse by sharing and integrating registration data and fiscal information between States and the Union.[1] In 2009 the MEI (Microempreendedor Individual in Portuguese, or 'Individual Microentrepreneur') was created to supply market demand.[2]

Above a CNPJ from a worldwide technology company

The CNPJ consists of a 14-digit number formatted as XX.XXX.XXX/0001-XX — The first eight digits identify the company, the four digits after the slash identify the branch or subsidiary ("0001" defaults to the headquarters), and the last two are check digits.[3]

The CNPJ must be informed on any invoice of any company, as well as on the packaging of any industrialized product.

According to SEBRAE (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas in Portuguese, or 'Brazilian Service to Support Micro and Small Enterprises'), there is more than 19.2 million active companies in Brazil, almost 6 million situated in São Paulo --, more than 4.8 million being 'Individual Microentrepreneur' (MEI), 'Micro-enterprise' (Microempresas - ME) and/or 'Small Business' (Empresas de Pequeno Porte - EPP).[4]

  • Services - 8.641,860
  • Trade - 6.612,605
  • Industry - 1.908,250
  • Civil Construction - 1.367,636
  • Agriculture - 697.674

Data from IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística in Portuguese, or 'Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics') shows 4.937,861 million companies in 2018, an increase of 11.7% compared to 2007,[5] but represents a drop of 1.8%, if compared to 2017.[6]

Among the more than 52.2 million employed persons, 45.5 million (87.0%) were salary workers and 6.8 million (13.0%) were in the condition of partner or ownership. The average monthly salary was R$2.952,87, equivalent to 3.1 minimum wages.[5]

Also according to the IBGE, of the companies founded in the country in 2008, only 25.3% were still standing in 2018, 70% closed their doors in less than 10 years and only 25.3% were still standing ten years later.[7]

In practice, about one in five companies went out of business in less than a year of operation — or 18.5% of the total.

The CEMPRE (Cadastro Central de Empresas in Portuguese, or 'Central Business Register') is currently composed of approximately 29.3 million companies and other formal organizations and 31.4 million local units (operational addresses), of which 91.5% are business entities and the 8.5% remaining distributed between public administration bodies and non-profit entities.[5]

Distribution of salary workers, according to their legal nature, by gender and level of education in 2018

Graphic chart shows the distribution of salary workers, according to their legal nature, by gender and level of education in 2018: 71.1% were absorbed by business entities; 21.8% by the public administration; and 7.1% by non-profit entities.[5]

Different cases of CNPJ-related frauds are recorded every year in Brazil. The most common types are:

  • A fake entity cloning a regular entity’s CNPJ to use it in banking transactions or when applying for credit.
  • A fake website is designed, similar to the original website, using the same information as the regular entity but failing to provide the service.

Consulting a CNPJ is free, and can be done directly through the Federal Revenue system. The service is called "Emissão de Comprovante de Inscrição e de Situação Cadastral"

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "CNPJ history". Receita Federal. Retrieved June 16, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "Perguntas Frequentes". Empresas & Negócios (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  3. ^ Ferreira, Adriano, ed. (2008-07-01). "Perl module to test for correct CNPJ numbers". MetaCPAN. Retrieved 2021-06-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ "Total de empresas brasileiras". DataSebrae (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2020-08-13. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  5. ^ a b c d Estatísticas do Cadastro Central de Empresas 2018 (PDF). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE. 2020. pp. 12, 28, 44, 50. ISBN 978-65-87201-06-1.
  6. ^ "Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA". sidra.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  7. ^ "Maioria das empresas no país não dura 10 anos, e 1 de 5 fecha após 1 ano". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-06-16.

External links[]


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