CagA

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Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

Cytotoxicity-associated immunodominant antigen
Cytotoxicity-associated immunodominant antigen
Identifiers
Organism	Helicobacter pylori (strain ATCC 700392 / 26695)
Symbol	CagA
UniProt	P55980
Structures
Search for
Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) is a 120–145kDa protein encoded on the 40kb cag pathogenicity island (PAI).^[1] H. pylori strains can be divided into CagA positive or negative strains. Approximately 60% of H. pylori strains isolated in Western countries carry cag PAI, whereas almost all of the East Asian isolates are cag PAI-positive.^[1]^{[dubious – discuss]}

The cag PAI also encodes for a type IV secretion system which is used to "inject" CagA into a target cell upon H. pylori attachment. After translocation, CagA localises to the inner surface of the cell membrane and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases (e.g. Fyn and Lyn).^[1]

Role in Cancer[]

H. pylori infection is associated with MALT lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma and CagA is thought to be involved in cancer development.^[2] Phosphorylated CagA is able to interact with the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase, rendering it functionally active, triggering a host cell morphological change to a more motile phenotype known as the "hummingbird phenotype".^[1] This phenotype mimics an effect produced by hepatocyte growth factor which may participate in various aspects of cancer, including metastasis.^[2] CagA is also a highly antigenic protein that is associated with a prominent inflammatory response by eliciting interleukin-8 production.^[3]

The Cag PAI[]

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hatakeyama, M.; Higashi, H. (2005). "Helicobacter pylori CagA: a new paradigm for bacterial carcinogenesis". Cancer Science. 96 (12): 835–843. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00130.x. PMID 16367902.
^ ^a ^b Lax, A. (2005). "Bacterial toxins and cancer — a case to answer?". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 3 (4): 343–9. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1130. PMID 15806096. S2CID 6129498.
^ Yamaoka Y (November 2010). "Mechanisms of disease: Helicobacter pylori virulence factors". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7 (11): 629–41. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.154. PMC 3137895. PMID 20938460.

External links[]

"Search: "cytotoxin-associated gene A" "Helicobacter pylori"". Protein. NCBI.

[pmid16367902-1] Hatakeyama, M.; Higashi, H. (2005). "Helicobacter pylori CagA: a new paradigm for bacterial carcinogenesis". Cancer Science. 96 (12): 835–843. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00130.x. PMID 16367902.

[pmid15806096-2] Lax, A. (2005). "Bacterial toxins and cancer — a case to answer?". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 3 (4): 343–9. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1130. PMID 15806096. S2CID 6129498.

[3] Yamaoka Y (November 2010). "Mechanisms of disease: Helicobacter pylori virulence factors". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7 (11): 629–41. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.154. PMC 3137895. PMID 20938460.

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