Calamagrostis

Calamagrostis
	Calamagrostis canadensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Pooideae
Supertribe:	Poodae
Tribe:	Poeae
Subtribe:
Genus:	Calamagrostis; Adans.
Type species
	Calamagrostis epigejos; (L.) Roth
Synonyms
	× Ammocalamagrostis P.Fourn.; Ancistrochloa Honda; Anisachne Keng; Athernotus Dulac; Cinnagrostis Griseb.; Chamaecalamus Meyen; Deyeuxia Clarion ex P.Beauv.; Sclerodeyeuxia Pilg.; Stilpnophleum Nevski; Stylagrostis Mez;

Calamagrostis (reed grass or smallweed^[3]) is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae, with about 260 species^[4] that occur mainly in temperate regions of the globe. Towards equatorial latitudes, species of Calamagrostis generally occur at higher elevations. These tufted perennials usually have hairless narrow leaves. The ligules are usually blunt. The inflorescence forms a panicle. Some may be reed-like.

The plants may be rhizomatous (underground stems with shoots), stoloniferous (with runners), or caespitose (growing in tufts or clumps). The bisexual spikelets have a single floret and generally they are purple or purple-brown. The spikelets are clustered into inflorescences, which usually develop in early- to mid-summer on long culms ( = stems).

Many species of Calamagrostis are morphologically similar, but they generally occur in distinct habitats, and they have unique geographical distributions. Given the subtle distinctions between many closely related taxa, there are several species complexes that could benefit from additional systematic study. Even the generic boundaries of the genus are controversial. For example, species in the genus Deyeuxia, distributed largely in the southern hemisphere are morphologically very similar to species of Calamagrostis. It may be appropriate to recognize all of these species in a single genus, but this will require detailed scientific study of DNA of species from around the world.

Some Calamagrostis can be very decorative, and are widely cultivated largely in northern temperate zones. The species Calamagrostis brachytricha^[5] and the cultivar Calamagrostis × acutiflora 'Karl Foerster'^[6] are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

The word "calamagrostis" is derived from the Greek word kalamos (reed) and agrostis (a kind of grass).

Species[]

Calamagrostis contains the following recognised species:^[7]

(Hook.f.) U.Shukla
(Vickery) Govaerts
Calamagrostis × acutiflora (Schrad.) DC.
(M.Gray) Govaerts
Kharkev. & Prob.
Litv.
(J.Presl) Steud.
Vaniot
Tzvelev
(Pilg.) Pilg.
Tovar
Litv.
Kom.
(Munro) Regel
(Vickery) Govaerts
Hitchc.
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth
Ohwi
Calamagrostis aurea (Munro) Hack. ex Sodiro
(Moritzi) Buse
Govaerts
Govaerts
Koidz.
(Hook.f.) Cockayne
Prob.
(Litv.) Steph. ex Komarov
P.A.Smirn.
(Vickery) Govaerts
Simonk.
(Pilg.) Pilg.
Calamagrostis bolanderi Thurb.
Hack.
Tzvelev
Swallen & Garc.-Barr.
(Stapf) Govaerts
Hitchc.
(Wedd.) Pilg.
(J.Presl) Steud.
Calamagrostis breweri Thurb.
Parodi
Hitchc.
Pilg.
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P.Beauv.
Calamagrostis canescens (Weber) Roth
Calamagrostis carchiensis Laegaard
(Vickery) Govaerts
Trin.
Pilg.
(Laest.) Fr.
Luces
Phil.
(J.Presl) Steud.
(Phil.) Govaerts
Escalona
Vaniot
P.M.Peterson, Soreng & Valde´s-Reyna
Eaton
(Keng) P.C.Kuo & S.L.Lu
Ulbr.
Govaerts
(Vickery) Govaerts
(Rugolo & Villav.) Govaerts
(Wedd.) Hitchc.
(Wedd.) Hitchc.
(Rugolo & Villav.) Govaerts
(Wedd.) Pilg.
Tovar
Husseinov
Hook.f.
(R.Br.) Govaerts
Hook.f.
(J.Presl) Steud.
C.E.Hubb.
Trin.
(Phil.) Phil.
(Rúgolo) Soreng
(Keng) Keng f.
Luchnik
P.M.Peterson & Soreng
Swallen
Tzvelev
(Steud.) Govaerts
Calamagrostis ecuadoriensis Laegaard
(Kunth) Steud.
(Rendle) P.C.Kuo & S.L.Lu ex J.L.Yang
(Griseb.) A.Camus
Calamagrostis eminens (J.Presl) Steud.
Griseb.
Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth
Hitchc.
(Kunth) Steud.
Calamagrostis expansa (Munro ex Hillebr.) Hitchc.
Hack.
Laegaard
Pilg.
Merr.
(Keng) P.C.Kuo & S.L.Lu ex J.L.Yang
Keng f.
Calamagrostis foliosa Kearney
(Benth.) Maiden & Betche
Calamagrostis fulgida Laegaard
(Griseb.) Kuntze
(J.Presl) Steud.
(Steud.) Soreng
Takeda
(Wedd.) Hitchc.
(Bor) G.Singh
Escalona
Hitchc.
(Nees) Reeder
Lillo ex Stuck.
Franch. & Sav.
Fr.
Torges
Melderis
Calamagrostis henryi (Rendle) P.C.Kuo & S.L.Lu ex J.L.Yang
(Wedd.) Pilg.
Hack.
Calamagrostis hillebrandii (Munro ex Hillebr.) C.L.Hitchc.
Calamagrostis hirta (Sodiro ex Mille) Laegaard
Jaub. & Spach
Lange
Vasey
Calamagrostis hupehensis (Rendle) Chase
(Vickery) Govaerts
(Vickery) Govaerts
A.Gray
Calamagrostis insperata Swallen
Calamagrostis intermedia (J.Presl) Steud.
Swallen
Steud.
Tzvelev
T.F.Wang
Swallen
Calamagrostis koelerioides Vasey
Keng ex Tzvelev
Litv.
Litv.
Zapal.
Tzvelev
G.Singh
Calamagrostis lapponica (Wahlenb.) Hartm.
(Vickery) Govaerts
(Wedd.) Hitchc.
Chase
(Keng) P.C.Kuo & S.L.Lu ex J.L.Yang
Calamagrostis licentiana Hand.-Mazz.
(Kunth) Hitchc.
Govaerts
Calamagrostis llanganatensis Laegaard
Hack.
Tovar
(Griseb.) Litv.
(Pilg.) Pilg.
Hack. ex Stuck.
(Wedd.) Pilg.
Maxim.
(Vickery) Govaerts
Govaerts
(Vickery) Govaerts
(Vickery) Govaerts
Hüseyin
(Pilg.) Tovar
(Benth.) J.M.Black
Pilg.
Calamagrostis montanensis (Scribn.) Scribn. ex Vasey
Franch.
B.L.Wilson & Sami Gray
Luces
Boiss.
(Bor) G.Singh
Calamagrostis nardifolia (Griseb.) Hack. ex Stuck.
Steud.
Govaerts
Honda
D.Z.Ma & J.N.Li
Pilg.
(Hook.f.) Hand.-Mazz.
(Vickery) Govaerts
Calamagrostis nutkaensis (J.Presl) Steud.
Trin.
Calamagrostis ophitidis (Howell) Nygren
(Wedd.) Pilg.
(Rupr. ex E.Fourn.) Beal
(J.Presl) Steud.
Lipsky
(Bor) M.Dogan
(Vickery) Reeder
(Speg.) Makloskie
(Roshev.) Roshev.
Scribn.
(Hitchc.) Govaerts
A.Gray
Swallen
Swallen
Hack.
(Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.
T.J.Sørensen
Vaniot
(Griseb.) Parodi
Montell
A.Gray
Torges
(Kunth) Hitchc.
Beal
Tzvelev
Tzvelev
Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Haller f.) Koeler
Tovar
Calamagrostis purpurascens R.Br.
Calamagrostis purpurea (Trin.) Trin.
Reeder
(Labill.) Spreng.
Vaniot
Escalona
Tovar
(Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.
(Vickery) Govaerts
Swallen
Lindgr.
(J.Presl) Scribn.
(Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.
(Vickery) Govaerts
(Griseb.) Hack.
Calamagrostis rubescens Buckley
Trin.
F.Schmidt
Malyschev
Tzvelev
Swallen
Griseb.
Swallen
Hack.
(Stapf) Hitchc.
M.E.Jones
(Druce) Druce
(Trin.) Tzvelev
(Wedd.) Pilg.
J.L.Yang
(Keng) P.C.Kuo & S.L.Lu ex J.L.Yang
(Keng) P.C.Kuo & S.L.Lu ex J.L.Yang
Litv. ex Petrov
(J.Presl) Steud.
(Wedd.) Hack. ex Sodiro
Davidse
G.Singh
Hand.-Mazz.
Calamagrostis steyermarkii Swallen
Hook.f.
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler
(Wahlenb.) Hartm.
Nakai
Tzvelev
Tzvelev
Calamagrostis sublanceolata Honda
Prob.
Tzvelev
Speg.
K.L.Marr & Hebda
Pilg.
Ohwi
Prob.
Litv.
Calamagrostis teretifolia Laegaard
Rupr.
(Bor) Tzvelev
(Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.
Hausskn.
(Wedd.) Soreng
Hack.
Calamagrostis tweedyi (Scribn.) Scribn.
Hüseyin
Litv.
Tzvelev
Sohns
Calamagrostis varia (Schrad.) Host
Tzvelev
(Nees & Meyen) Steud.
Zolot.
(Wedd.) Pilg.
Calamagrostis villosa (Chaix) J.F.Gmel.
Besser
(Wedd.) Hack.
(Poir.) Steud.
(Phil.) Soreng
Swallen
J.L.Yang
Maxim.
(Hook.f.) Buchanan
(Trin.) Davidse
Lüderw.

References[]

^ S. W. L. Jacobs (2001). "The genus Lachnagrostis (Gramineae) in Australia" (PDF). Telopea. 9 (3): 439–448. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-04.
^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ Tim Newbury Garden Design Bible: 40 great off-the-peg designs – Detailed planting plans, p. 104, at Google Books
^ GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
^ "Calamagrostis brachytricha". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
^ "Calamagrostis × acutiflora 'Karl Foerster'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
^ "Calamagrostis". The Plant List. Retrieved November 29, 2014.

External links[]

[1] S. W. L. Jacobs (2001). "The genus Lachnagrostis (Gramineae) in Australia" (PDF). Telopea. 9 (3): 439–448. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-04.

[2] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[3] Tim Newbury Garden Design Bible: 40 great off-the-peg designs – Detailed planting plans, p. 104, at Google Books

[4] GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora

[5] "Calamagrostis brachytricha". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

[6] "Calamagrostis × acutiflora 'Karl Foerster'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

[7] "Calamagrostis". The Plant List. Retrieved November 29, 2014.

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