Cales (river)

Cales or Kales (Ancient Greek: Κάλης), also Calles or Kalles (Κάλλης), was a river of ancient Bithynia. At its mouth was the town of Cales, located 120 stadia east of Elaeus.^[1]^[2] This seems to be the river which Thucydides calls Calex (Κάληξ), at the mouth of which Lamachus lost his ships, which were anchored there, owing to a sudden rise of the river.^[3] Thucydides places the Calex in the Heracleotis, which agrees very well with the position of the Cales. Lamachus and his troops were compelled to walk along the coast to Chalcedon.^[3] Pliny the Elder mentions a river Alces in Bithynia, which it has been conjectured, may be a corruption of Calex.^[4]

It is identified with the modern in Asiatic Turkey.^[5]

References[]

^ Arrian. Periplus Ponti Euxini. p. 14.
^ Marcian of Heraclea, p. 70.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. 4.75.
^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. 5.32.
^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 86, and directory notes accompanying.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Cales". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

Coordinates: 41°10′43″N 31°22′55″E / 41.178489°N 31.381992°E / 41.178489; 31.381992

This article about a location in ancient Bithynia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .

This geographical article about a location in Zonguldak Province, Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .

This article related to a river in Turkey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .

[1] Arrian. Periplus Ponti Euxini. p. 14.

[2] Marcian of Heraclea, p. 70.

[Thucydides-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. 4.75.

[4] Pliny. Naturalis Historia. 5.32.

[5] Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 86, and directory notes accompanying.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]