Calliostoma

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Calliostoma
Calliostoma ligatum 2.jpg
A live individual of Calliostoma ligatum with the operculum showing at the back (on the left)
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda
Order: Trochida
Superfamily: Trochoidea
Family: Calliostomatidae
Subfamily: Calliostomatinae
Genus: Calliostoma
Swainson, 1840
Type species
Trochus conulus
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Ampullotrochus Monterosato, 1890
    • Benthastelena Iredale, 1936
    • Callistoma Herrmannsen, 1846
    • Calliostoma (Ampullotrochus) Monterosato, 1890
    • Calliostoma (Benthastelena) Iredale, 1936
    • Calliostoma (Calliostoma) Swainson, 1840
    • Calliostoma (Fautor) Iredale, 1924
    • Calliostoma (Maurea) Oliver, 1926
    • Callistomus Herrmannsen, 1846
    • Conulus Nardo, 1841
    • Elmerlinia Clench & Turner, 1960
    • Jacinthius Monterosato, 1889
    • Kombologion Clench & Turner, 1960
    • Leiotrochus Conrad, 1862
    • Omphalotukaia Yoshida, 1948
    • Trochus (Calliostoma) Swainson, 1840
    • Trochus (Zizyphinus) Gray, 1847
    • Ziziphinus Gray, 1842
Apertural view of a shell of Calliostoma trotini

Calliostoma is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails with gills and an operculum, marine gastropod molluscs within the family Calliostomatidae, the Calliostoma top snails (according to the taxonomy of Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)). Previously this genus was placed within the family Trochidae. Calliostoma is the type genus of the family Calliostomatidae.

The name of this genus is derived from the Greek words kallos (beautiful) and stoma (mouth), referring to the pearly aperture of the shell. The genus Calliostoma is known in fossil records from the Upper Cretaceous onwards.[2]

The distribution of this genus is worldwide, found mainly on hard substrates, although Japanese species have been found on sandy bottoms. These snails occur from shallow waters to bathyal depths.

The species in this genus are mainly herbivorous or feed on detritus,[3] although a few have been observed to be omnivorous (Keen, 1975) or even carnivorous, feeding on a wide range of algae and on animals belonging to various other invertebrate phyla.[4] The North Atlantic topshell Calliostoma occidentale has been reported to feed on coelenterates.[5]

Contrary to what is the case in most other top shells, Calliostoma deposits its eggs in gelatinous ribbons that are only fertilized after being deposited. The young emerge as small snails (Lebour, 1936) without passing through a free-living planktonic stage as a veliger larva.

Description[]

The rather thin, acute, coeloconoid (=approaching conical shape but with concave sides) shell is imperforate or rarely umbilicate. The whorls are smooth, often polished and spirally ridged or granular. The body whorl is angulated at the periphery. The aperture is quadrangular, sinuated at the base and slightly oblique. The columella is simple, usually ending anteriorly in a slight tooth.[6] The nucleus appears to be either dextral or sinistral indifferently.[7][8]

Species[]

Currently, Calliostoma is being treated in WoRMS as a broad genus. It is expected to be broken up and (some) subgenera will be elevated to the status of genus. At this moment (2013), information is too fragmentary to assign all species in a revised genus.

Species within the genus Calliostoma include:[1]

Species brought into synonymy[]

[1]

  • Calliostoma aculeatum G.B. Sowerby III, 1912: synonym of Tristichotrochus aculeatus (G. B. Sowerby III, 1912)
  • Calliostoma adamsi Brazier, 1895: synonym of Calliostoma comptum A. Adams, 1855
  • Calliostoma adamsi Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of Astele subcarinata Swainson, 1855
  • Calliostoma affinis Dall, 1872: synonym of Calliostoma unicum (Dunker, 1860)
  • Calliostoma albolineatum Turton, 1932: synonym of Calliostoma ornatum (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Calliostoma alertae Marshall, 1995: synonym of Otukaia blacki (Dell, 1956)
  • Calliostoma australis Broderip, 1835: synonym of Astele rubiginosa (Valenciennes, 1846)
  • Calliostoma belauensis Okutani & Kurata, 1998: synonym of Calliostoma belauense Okutani & Kurata, 1998
  • Calliostoma bisculptum E.A. Smith: synonym of Cantharidus bisculptus E.A. Smith
  • Calliostoma bularra (Garrard, 1961): synonym of Astele bularra Garrard, 1961
  • Calliostoma burnupi E. A. Smith, 1899: synonym of Dactylastele burnupi (E.A. Smith, 1899)
  • Calliostoma calliope Cotton & Godfrey, 1938: synonym of Astele ciliaris (Menke, 1843)
  • Calliostoma cancellatum Schepman, 1908: synonym of Perrinia cancellata (Schepman, 1908)
  • Calliostoma carnicolor Preston, 1907: synonym of Calliostoma selectum (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Calliostoma cecillei Nomura & Hatai, 1935: synonym of Calliostoma unicum (Dunker, 1860)
  • Calliostoma chilenum Rehder, 1971: synonym of Otukaia chilena (Rehder, 1971)
  • Calliostoma cipangoanum Yokoyama, 1920: synonym of Calliostoma shinagawaense (Tokunaga, 1906)
  • Calliostoma conuloide (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Calliostoma zizyphinum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Calliostoma convexa Turton, 1932: synonym of Calliostoma africanum Bartsch, 1915
  • Calliostoma corbis Dall, 1889: synonym of Mirachelus corbis (Dall, 1889)
  • Calliostoma deceptum E.A. Smith, 1899: synonym of Laetifautor deceptus (E.A. Smith, 1899)
  • Calliostoma dubium (Philippi, 1844): synonym of Calliostoma conulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Calliostoma elegans (Habe, 1960): synonym of Laetifautor elegans Habe, 1960
  • Calliostoma eucosmia Bartsch, 1915: synonym of Calliostoma ornatum (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Calliostoma excellens Thiele, 1930: synonym of Astele similaris (Reeve, 1863)
  • Calliostoma expansum Schepman, 1908: synonym of Enida japonica A. Adams, 1860
  • Calliostoma fernandesi Boyer, 2006: synonym of Calliostoma angolensis Boyer, 2006
  • Calliostoma formosensis E.A. Smith, 1907: synonym of Calliostoma formosense E.A. Smith, 1907
  • Calliostoma formosum (McAndrew & Forbes, 1847): synonym of Calliostoma occidentale (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)
  • Calliostoma formosum Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Calliostoma gemmulatum Carpenter, 1864
  • Calliostoma glaucophaos Barnard, 1963: synonym of Minolia glaucophaos (Barnard, 1963)
  • Calliostoma hungerfordi Sowerby, 1888: synonym of Calliostoma consors (Lischke, 1872)
  • Calliostoma ikukoae (Sakurai, 1994): synonym of Otukaia kiheiziebisu (Otuka, 1939)
  • Calliostoma ilhabelensis Prado, 2003: synonym of Calliostoma tupinamba Dornellas, 2012
  • Calliostoma imperialis Kosuge, 1979: synonym of Calliostoma imperiale Kosuge, 1979
  • Calliostoma ishianum Yokoyama, 1926: synonym of Calliostoma multiliratum (Sowerby II, 1875)
  • Calliostoma kiheiziebisu Otuka, 1939: synonym of Otukaia kiheiziebisu (Otuka, 1939)
  • Calliostoma kopua Marshall, 1995: synonym of Selastele kopua (Marshall, 1995)
  • Calliostoma limatulum Marshall, 1995: synonym of Selastele limatulum B. A. Marshall, 1995
  • Calliostoma madagascarensis Vilvens, Nolf & Verstraeten, 2004: synonym of Calliostoma madagascarense Vilvens, Nolf & Verstraeten, 2004
  • Calliostoma marginata (Schepman, 1909): synonym of Fluxinella marginata (Schepman, 1909)
  • Calliostoma monodon Schepman, 1908: synonym of Ancistrobasis monodon (Schepman, 1908)
  • Calliostoma nanshaensis (sic): synonym of Calliostoma nanshaense Dong, 2002
  • Calliostoma nevilli G.B. Sowerby III, 1905: synonym of Dactylastele nevilli (Sowerby, 1905)
  • Calliostoma nigromaculatum Schepman, 1908: synonym of Perrinia nigromaculata (Schepman, 1908)
  • Calliostoma onustum Odhner, 1924: synonym of Selastele onustum B. A. Marshall, 1995
  • Calliostoma ornata [sic]: synonym of Calliostoma ornatum (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Calliostoma pagoda Oliver, 1926: synonym of Calliostoma selectum (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Calliostoma papillosa (Da Costa, 1778): synonym of Calliostoma granulatum (Born, 1778)
  • Calliostoma plambralum Spry, 1961: synonym of Jujubinus interruptus (Wood, 1828)
  • Calliostoma polychroma (A. Adams, 1851): synonym of Cantharidus polychroma (A. Adams, 1851)
  • Calliostoma poupineli (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875): synonym of Calliostoma comptum A. Adams, 1855
  • Calliostoma purpureocinctum Hedley, 1894: synonym of Calliostoma comptum A. Adams, 1855
  • Calliostoma regalis (Verrill & S. Smith, 1880): synonym of Calliotropis regalis (Verrill & Smith, 1880)
  • Calliostoma retiarium Hedley & May, 1908: synonym of Selastele retiarium (Hedley & May, 1908)
  • Calliostoma rossica (Dall, 1919): synonym of Margarites rossicus Dall, 1919
  • Calliostoma rubropunctatum (A. Adams, 1851): synonym of Laetifautor rubropunctatus (A. Adams, 1851)
  • Calliostoma rubroscalpta Lee & Wu, 1998: synonym of Calliostoma rubroscalptum Lee & Wu, 1998
  • Calliostoma sagamianum Yokoyama, 1920: synonym of Calliostoma consors (Lischke, 1872)
  • Calliostoma simulans Marshall, 1994: synonym of Maurea simulans (B. A. Marshall, 1994)
  • Calliostoma sowerbyi Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of Calliostoma haliarchus (Melvill, 1889)
  • Calliostoma spinulosum Tate, 1893: synonym of Laetifautor spinulosum (Tate, 1893)
  • Calliostoma squamicarinatum Schepman, 1908: synonym of Perrinia squamicarinata (Schepman, 1908)
  • Calliostoma stenomphalum G. B. Sowerby III, 1890): synonym of Jujubinus suarezensis fultoni (G. B. Sowerby III, 1890) †
  • Calliostoma striatum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Jujubinus striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Calliostoma suturale (Philippi, 1836): synonym of Callumbonella suturalis (Philippi, 1836)
  • Calliostoma tiara auct. non Watson, 1879: synonym of Lamellitrochus inceratus Quinn, 1991
  • Calliostoma trepidum Hedley, 1907: synonym of Laetifautor deceptus (E.A. Smith, 1899)
  • Calliostoma undulatum Finlay, 1923: synonym of Calliostoma pellucidum (Valenciennes, 1846)
  • Calliostoma vincentae Kaicher 1986: synonym of Callumbonella suturalis (Philippi, 1836)

Gallery[]

  • Drawing of a dorsal view of a living animal of Calliostoma bairdii dredged in the Atlantic Ocean at a depth of from 100 m to 1170 m

  • Rare purple beaded specimen of Calliostoma supragranosum found subtidally in Southern California

References[]

  1. ^ a b c Calliostoma Swainson, 1840. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 30 October 2010.
  2. ^ Shimer & Shrock (1944). Index fossils of North America.
  3. ^ Clench W. & Turner R. (1960). "The genus Calliostoma in the western Atlantic". Johnsonia 4(40) :1-80.
  4. ^ Perron, F. E. (1975). "Carnivorous Calliostoma (Prosobranchia: Trochidae) from the northeastern Pacific". Veliger. 18: 52–54.
  5. ^ Perron, Frank E.; Turner R. D. (1978). "The feeding behaviour and diet of Calliostoma occidentale, a coelenterate-associated prosobranch gastropod". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 44 (1): 100–103. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  6. ^ Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
  7. ^ Dall W. H. 1889. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879–80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake", Lieut.-Commander C.D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part 2, Gastropoda and Scaphopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 18: 1–492, pls. 10–40
  8. ^ Swainson, W. 1840. A treatise on malacology, or shells and shell-fish; London
  9. ^ Europeana: Calliostoma nodulosum
  • Vilvens C. (2012) New species and new records of Seguenzioidea and Trochoidea (Gastropoda) from French Polynesia. Novapex 13(1): 1–23. [10 March 2012] page(s): 18

Further reading[]

  • Marshall, B.A. (1995). "A revision of the recent Calliostoma species of New Zealand". The Nautilus. 108: 83–127.
  • Quinn, J.F. Jr. (1992). "New species of Calliostoma and notes on some poorly known species from the Western Atlantic". The Nautilus. 106: 77–114.
  • Rosenberg G. (2005). "Malacolog 4.1.0: : A database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
  • Williams, S.T.; K.M. Donald; H.G. Spencer; T. Nakano (March 2010). "Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 3. 54 (3): 783–809. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.11.008. PMID 19919851.
  • Vilvens C. (2009). New species and new records of Calliostomatidae (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) from New Caledonia and Solomon Islands. Novapex 10(4): 125-163
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