Calmar Steamship Company

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Calmar Steamship Company and other Bethlehem Steel Company Shipping Companies:

Calmar Steamship Company
IndustryShipping
Founded1927 (1927) New York City, United States
Defunct1976
ParentBethlehem Steel
SS Portmar (1919) sister ship Circinus)
SS Calmar a Type C4-class ship

Calmar Steamship Company was a proprietary subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel founded in New York City in 1927. Bethlehem Steel Company founded Calmar Steamship Company and other steamship companies after finding general shipping companies could not meet the company's needs in a timely manner. At the time Bethlehem Steel Company was the second-largest steelmaker in the United States and the world, only behind U.S. Steel. Calmar Steamship Company shipped Bethlehem Steel Company products from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. On the return trip, Calmar Steamship Company would bring lumber products from the Pacific coast to the Atlantic coast. Calmar Steamship Company closed in 1976, as United States steel manufacture declined in the 1960s.[1]

  • Ships:
  • SS Portmar a steam cargo ship built in 1919
  • SS Corvus a steam cargo ship built in 1919 by Columbia River Shipbuilding Company
  • Alamar, a steam cargo ship built in 1919
  • SS Circinus a steam cargo ship built in 1919
  • SS Oakmar sunk by U-71 on March 20, 1942 off Virgina[2]
  • Calmar (1) a Type C4-class ship
    • Liberty ships that became Calmar ships:
  • Marymar, was SS Frederick H. Baetjer
  • Alamar (2), was Samuel F. B. Morse (2)[3]
  • Massmar, was Alexander V. Fraser [4]
  • Flomar, was Arlie Clark[4]
  • Seamar, was George M. Verity [5]
  • Kemmar, was George R. Holmes[5]
  • Calmar was Vincent Harrington[6]
  • Portmar, was Joseph B. Eastman [7]
  • Pennmar, was William S. Baer[8]
  • Yorkmar, was Walter Kidde [9]
  • Lomar, was Morris Sigman[10]
  • Texmar, was Harold O. Wilson[11]

World War II[]

A VC2-S-AP2 type Victory ship
SS John W. Brown, one of four surviving Liberty ships in 2000

During World War II Bethlehem Steel Company had its subsidiary companies operated charter shipping to support the war. During World War II Bethlehem Steel Company had its subsidiary companies: Calmar Steamship Company and Interocean active with charter shipping for the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. During wartime, the Companies operated Victory ships and Liberty ships. The ship was run by its crew and the US Navy supplied United States Navy Armed Guards to man the deck guns and radio. The most common armament mounted on these merchant ships were the MK II 20mm Oerlikon autocannon and the 3"/50, 4"/50, and 5"/38 deck guns.[12][13] After the war there were many surplus ships and much competition. Black Diamond Steamship Company continued to operate after the war, but closed in the 1955. [14]

Ore Steamship Company - Ore Navigation Corporation
IndustryIron Ore Shipping
Founded1927 (1927) New York City, United States
ParentBethlehem Steel

Ore Steamship Company[]

SS William H. Donner, 1914 Great Lake freighter cargo ship

Ore Steamship Company and the Ore Navigation Corpoartion were subsidiaries of the Bethlehem Steel Company founded in New York City in 1927. Ore Steamship Company was a proprietary company that was founded so Bethlehem Steel could move goods needed by Bethlehem Steel Company. Ore Steamship Company would transport iron ore to the Bethlehem Steel mills on the Atlantic coast. Some ships took steel and steel products to Bethlehem Shipyards. Port of Baltimore was a major Bethlehem Steel port, the dock was 2,200 feet long in order to load and unload three large, 28,000-ton cargo ships at the same time.[23][24][25]

Interocean Shipping Company
IndustryShipping
Founded1930s (1930s) San Francisco, California, United States
Defunct1986
FateClosed
ParentBethlehem Steel

Interocean Shipping Company[]

Interocean Shipping Company, Interocean Steamship Company of San Francisco was a subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel Company founded in the late 1930s and closed in 1986.[1]

Ships: Partial list as most ships were charted and not owned by Interocean:

  • Oswego Reliance, a tanker[29]
  • James E. Davidson, a cargo ship [30][31]
  • SS Cosmic, a 745-foot cargo ship (charted not owned)

1930s charted:

  • Hanley (US) [32]
  • Brimanger (Norway)[33]
  • Taranger (Norway) [34]
  • Heranger (Norway)[35]
  • Villanger (Norway)[36]
  • Trondanger (Norway)[37]
  • Berganger (Norway) [38]
  • Moldanger (Norway)[39]
  • Hindanger (Norway)[40]
    • Interocean operated World War 2 ships
    • World War 2 Victory ships:

World War 2 chartered ships:

Bethlehem Transportation Corporation - Bethlehem Steamship Company
IndustryShipping
Founded1924 (1924) Cleveland, Ohio United States
Defunct1986
FateClosed
Area served
Great Lakes
Key people
Herbert K. Oakes
ParentBethlehem Steel Company

Bethlehem Transportation Corporation[]

SS Daniel J. Morrell
Launch of the SS Edward Y. Townsend

Bethlehem Transportation Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio was a shipping subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel Company founded in 1924 as Bethlehem Steamship Company, the name changed in 1927. Bethlehem Steel Company acquired a fleet of lake freighter ships managed by Herbert K. Oakes. Herbert K. Oakes started as a lawyer with offices in Detroit and Cleveland. His legal work started in 1896 with the firm of Shaw, Warren, Cody & Oakes of Detroit. He departed the firm on May 7, 1911, to manage the shipping of iron ore for companies. He became the manager of Franklin Steamship Company in 1906, Fremont Steamship Company in 1908, Cadillac Steamship Company in 1912, and Beaver Steamship Company in 19016. The ship of these companies were acquired by Bethlehem Steel in 1924 when Herbert K. Oakes started working for Bethlehem Steel and formed Bethlehem Steamship Company in 1924.[48]

  • Steel bulk carrier ships:
  • SS B. F. Berry, built 1908 by American Shipbuilding Company (Hull 357), from Berry Brothers, ships other names: SS Berryton, SS Viscount Bennett, and then SS C. A. Bennett.[49]
  • Leonard C. Hanna, built 1905 by American Ship Building, (Hull 425)[50]
  • SS Edwin L. Booth, built 1901 by Detroit Shipbuilding Company (Hull 138), other names: SS David M. Whitney, SS G.N. Wilson, SS Thomas Britt, Buckeye.[51]
  • SS E. J. Earling, built 1906 by the Superior Shipbuilding Company (Hull 514), other names: SS Robert B. Wallace, SS Peter Robertson, (U.S. 203108).[52]
  • Edward Y. Townsend, built 1906 by Superior Shipbuilding Company, (Hull 515)[53]
  • SS Emory L. Ford, built 1916 by American Shipbuilding Company (Hull 715), other name: SS Raymond H. Reiss (U.S. 214318).[54]
  • SS Fred G. Hartwell, built 1923 by American Shipbuilding (Hull 78l), other names: SS Matthew Andrews, SS George M. Carl (U.S. 222641).[55]
  • SS Hernert K. Oakers, built 1907 by Great Lakes Engineering Works (Hull 30), other names: SS Milinokett, SS Steelton, SS Cornwall (U.S. 204393).[56]
  • Daniel J. Morrell, built 1906 by West Bay City Shipbuilding Co., (Hull 619)[57]
  • E. H. Utley, built 1910 by Detroit Shipbuilding (Hull 184), other name: SS Cambria (U.S. 207568).[58]
  • Western Star, built 1903 by Detroit Shipbuilding (Hull 155), other names: SS Glenisla, SS Prescott (U.S. 200376).[59]
  • SS William H. Donner, built 1914 by Great Lakes Engineering Works, (Hull 134) [26]
  • Powell Stackhouse built 1905 by Detroit Shipbuilding (US 202339) [60]
  • Saucon, built 1906 by West Bay City Shipbuilding, other names: SS Charles Weston[61]
  • Lackawanna, built in 1908 by Great Lakes Engineering Works, Hull 43, named after Lackawanna Steel Company, other names: Daniel B. Meacham, Edwin E. Slick.[62]
  • Midvale, built 1917 by Great Lakes Engineering Works, (Hull 167)[63]
  • Edward J. Berwind, built 1924 by Great Lakes Engineering Works, (Hull 247)[64]
  • Fred G. Hartwell, built 1923 by American Ship Building, (Hull 781), other name: George M. Carl [65]
  • Steelton, built 1943 by Great Lakes Engineering, a type L6-S-B1, other name: Frank Purnell, Robert C. Norton[66]
  • Lehigh, built 1943 by Great Lakes Engineering, a L6-S-B1, other name: Mesabi, Joseph X. Robert, Willowglen.[67]
  • Sparrows Point, built 1952 at Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard (Hull 4505)[68][69]
  • Frank Purnell, built 1943 by Great Lakes Engineering, a L6-S-B1, (Hull 293)[70]
  • Johnstown, built 1952 at Sparrows Point Shipyard (Hull 4505),[71]

References[]

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  39. ^ "M/S Moldanger - Norwegian Merchant Fleet 1939-1945". www.warsailors.com.
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