Captain general of the Navy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Captain general of the Sea.
This article is about the Spanish Navy rank. For other uses, see Captain general.
Captain general of the Navy
Capitán general de la Armada
SP-10 Capitan General (Armada).svg Spanish-Navy-OF10.svg
Service uniform with the rank of Captain general of the Spanish Navy.
Country Spain
Service branch Spanish Navy
AbbreviationCGN
RankFive-star
NATO rank codeOF-10
Non-NATO rankO-11
Formationc. 1750
Next lower rankAdmiral general
Equivalent ranksCaptain general (Army)
Captain general (Air Force)

Captain general of the Navy (Spanish: Capitán general de la Armada) is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Spanish Navy (Armada Española). The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, the routine honorary appointments formally ceased in 1999. The rank of captain general of the Navy is equivalent to an admiral of the fleet in many nations such as the United Kingdom or the United States, a captain general of the Spanish Army (Ejército de Tierra Español) or an Air captain general in the Spanish Air Force (Ejército del Aire).

A peculiar usage of the term captain general arose in the Spanish Navy of the 16th century. A capitán-general was appointed by the king as the leader of a fleet (although the term 'squadron' is more appropriate, as most galleon fleets rarely consisted of more than a dozen vessels, not counting escorted merchantmen), with full jurisdictional powers. The fleet second-in-command was the 'almirante' (admiral), an officer appointed by the capitan-general and responsible for the seaworthiness of the squadron.[1] One captain-general that sailed under the Spanish flag that is now well known was Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first fleet to sail around the world.

Since King Amadeo's reign (1871–1873), the monarchs used captain general of the Navy rank and insignia as Commander-in-chief. Briefly abolished by the Second Spanish Republic, it was restored in 1938 during the regime of Francisco Franco, an Army general. Since 19th century honorary promotions of retired admirals to this rank were also made, such as the prime ministers Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas (1928) and Luis Carrero Blanco (1973), the only posthumous promotion. Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, claimant to the Spanish throne (1941–1977) and father of King Juan Carlos, was also made honorary captain general of the Spanish Navy in 1992.

List[]

Date of promotion
 Image
 Name
 Dead/Annulled
 Notes
1750 JuanJoséNavarroCapitánGeneralDeLaArmada.jpg Juan José Navarro de Viana y Búfalo † 5 February 1772 1st general captain of the Navy
1783 LuisDeCórdovaYCórdovaCapitánGeneralDeLaRealArmada.jpg Luis de Córdova y Córdova[2] † 29 September 1796 2nd general captain of the Navy
1789 Retrato del teniente general de la armada Pedro Fitz-James Stuart y Colón de Portugal, marqués de San Leonardo (1791).jpg † 23 July 1791 3rd general captain of the Navy
1792 Antonio Valdés Fernández Bazán. Anónimo, 1828.jpg Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán[3][4] † 4 April 1816
1794 Almirante Tilly.PNG Francisco Javier Everardo y Tilly[5][6] † 11 December 1795 5th general captain of the Navy
1796 Santisima Trinidad.jpg Antonio González de Arce y Ulloa[7] † 23 February 1798 6th general captain of the Navy
1798 Manuel Antonio Flórez y Angulo (3).jpg Manuel Antonio Flórez y Maldonado[8][9] † 23 March 1798 7th general captain of the Navy
1798 Juan de Lángara Huarte.jpg Juan Cayetano de Lángara y Huarte[10] † 18 January 1806 8th general captain of the Navy
1802 José Solano y Bote.jpg José Solano y Bote[11][12] † 24 April 1806 9th general captain of the Navy
1805 Francisco de Borja y Poyo.jpg Francisco de Borja y Poyo[13] † 10 June 1808 10th general captain of the Navy
1805 Francisco Gil de Taboada.jpg Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos[14] † 1809 11th general captain of the Navy
9 November 1805 FedericoGravinaYNápoliAnónimoHacia1810.jpg Federico Carlos Gravina y Nápoles[15] † 9 March 1806 12th general captain of the Navy
3 November 1808 Retrato del general de la Armada Félix de Tejada (1733-1817).jpg Félix Ignacio de Tejada y Suárez de Lara[16] † 20 February 1817 13th general captain of the Navy
24 February 1817 Ignacio María de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete, capitán general de la Armada Española.jpg Ignacio Maria de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete[17] † 26 May 1817 14th general captain of the Navy
6 June 1817 Juan María Villavicencio y de la Serna (Museo Naval de Madrid).jpg Juan María de Villavicencio y de la Serna[18] † 25 April 1830 15th general captain of the Navy
1 May 1830 Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza.jpg Juan Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza[19] † 11 January 1835 16th general captain of the Navy
25 January 1835[20] CayetanoValdésYFloresJoséRoldánMartínez1847.jpg Cayetano Valdés y Flores[21] † 16 February 1835 17th general captain of the Navy
16 January 1836 Francisco Javier de Uriarte y Borja (Museo Naval de Madrid).jpg Francisco Javier de Uriarte y Borja[22][23][24][25] † 29 November 1843 18th general captain of the Navy
12 February 1843 Santisima Trinidad.jpg José Sartorio y Terol[26] † 30 December 1843 19th general captain of the Navy
2 June 1843[note 1] Retrato del capitán general de la Armada Ramón Romay y Jiménez de Cisneros (1763- 1849) Firmado por J.M.Romero en... (1841) - Romero López, José María, 1815-1880.jpg Ramón Lorenzo Romay y Jiménez-Cisneros[27] † 23 May 1849
15 September 1847[note 2][28] Santisima Trinidad.jpg José Rodríguez-Arias y Alvárez-Campana[29] † 26 January 1852 21st general captain of the Navy
17 February 1852 Santisima Trinidad.jpg Francisco Javier de Ulloa y Ramírez de Laredo[30] † 24 November 1855
  • 22nd general captain of the Navy
  • Secretary of the Navy (1832–1833)
28 November 1855 Santisima Trinidad.jpg Dionisio Capaz y Rendón[31] † 27 December 1855
  • 23rd general captain of the Navy
  • Minister of the Navy (1822–1823 and 11��16 September 1840)
13 February 1856 Francisco Armero y Fernández de Peñaranda.jpg Francisco Armero y Fernández de Peñaranda[32] † 1 July 1856
24 November 1858[note 3] Santisima Trinidad.jpg Casimiro Vigodet y Garnica[33][34][35] † 2 January 1872
16 November 1870 Amadeo I de España cropped.jpg Amadeo de Saboya 11 February 1873
(First Spanish Republic established)
  • Ex officio
  • Captain general of the Army (1870–1873)
5 September 1872[note 4] Santisima Trinidad.jpg Juan José Martínez de Espinosa y Tacón[36] † 14 October 1875
29 December 1874 AlfonsoXII1879DeManuelOjedaYSiles.jpg Alfonso de Borbón y Borbón † 25 November 1885
  • Ex officio
  • Captain general of the Army (1874–1885)
24 August 1875[note 4] Retrato del capitán general de la Armada Joaquín Gutiérrez de Rubalcava (1803-1881) (1882) - Martínez Cubells, Salvador, 1845-1914.jpg Joaquín Gutiérrez de Rubalcaba y Casal[37] † 3 April 1881
  • Ad honorem
  • Minister of the Navy (17 January – 1 March 1864 and 1866–1867)
  • 1st Marquis Rubalcaba with sucesion (1878)[note 5][38]
18 April 1881[note 4] Hdez-pinzonRetratoAlmiranteLuis.JPG Luis Hernández-Pinzón y Álvarez de Vides[39] † 22 February 1891 Ad honorem
27 February 1891[note 4] Guillermo Chacón y Maldonado (Museo Naval de Madrid).jpg Guillermo Chacón y Maldonado[40] † 28 March 1899
15 April 1899[note 4] Santisima Trinidad.jpg Carlos Valcárcel y Ussel de Gimbarda[41] † 23 April 1903
17 May 1902 466pxalfonsoxiiideespaaaf2.jpg Alfonso de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena 14 April 1931
(Second Spanish Republic established)[note 6]
  • Ex officio
  • Captain general of the Army (1902–1931)
30 April 1903[note 4] José María Beranger, en La Ilustración de Madrid.jpg José María Beranger y Ruiz de Apodaca[42] † 23 January 1907
  • Ad honorem
  • Minister of the Navy
    (1870–1871, 1872–1873, 1885–1886, 1890–1891, 11 March – 11 December 1892 and 1895–1897)
21 February 1910[note 7] CONTRALMIRANTE JUAN VINIEGRA Y MENDOZA RETRATO MASCULINO.jpg Juan Bautista Viniegra y Mendoza[43] † 21 February 1918
17 March 1918[44] Santisima Trinidad.jpg José Pidal y Rebollo[45] † 4 May 1920
  • Ad honorem
  • Minister of the Navy (1911–1912 and 23 March – 27 July 1918)
11 May 1920[46] José María Chacón y Pery (Museo Naval de Madrid).jpg José María Chacón y Pery[47][48] † 13 April 1922
22 April 1922 Santisima Trinidad.jpg Ricardo Fernández de la Puente y Patrón[49] † 23 October 1928
  • Ad honorem
  • President of the Supreme War and Navy Council
30 October 1928 Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas.jpg Juan Bautista Aznar y Cabañas[50] † 19 February 1933[51]
18 July 1938 Franco Navy (Cropped).png Francisco Franco y Bahamonde † 20 November 1975
21 December 1973 Luis Carrero Blanco.jpg Luis Carrero y Blanco[52]
—
 Posthumous promotion
  • Deputy Prime Minister (1967–1973)
  • Prime Minister (9 June – 20 December 1973)
20 November 1975[53][note 10] King Juan Carlos Navy (Cropped).png Juan Carlos de Borbón y Borbón Active until 19 June 2014
(Abdication)
  • Ex officio
  • Retired since 19 June 2014
  • Captain general of the Army and Air captain general
5 December 1992 J. de Borbón.jpg Juan de Borbón y Battenberg[54] † 1 April 1993
19 June 2014 Felipe VI - 14.07.11-Escuela Marina-7-San Fernando - edit.jpg Felipe de Borbón y Grecia Present
  • Ex officio
  • Captain general of the Army and Air captain general

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Supernumerary captain general of the Navy until 30 December 1843.
  2. ^ Supernumerary captain general of the Navy until 23 May 1849.
  3. ^ Supernumerary captain general of the Navy until 1866. Rank replaced by Admiral of the Spanish Navy in 1869.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Promoted as Admiral of the Spanish Royal Navy
  5. ^ Vide Rubalcava.
  6. ^ On 14 April 1931 Alfonso XIII renounced as head of state but did not formally abdicate.
  7. ^ Admiral of the Spanish Royal Navy until 10 January 1912, when the traditional rank of Captain General of the Navy was recovered.
  8. ^ Named himself.
  9. ^ a b At Civil War until 1 April 1939.
  10. ^ Monarch since 22 November 1975.

References[]

  • Juan y Ferragut, Mariano. La Marina en 1808, Cuadernos monográficos del IHCN. Spanish Navy (In Spanish).
  1. ^ "Spanish Galleon: 1530–1690" by Angus Konstam, copyright 2004 Osprey Publishing, Ltd.
  2. ^ Hattendorf, John (2000): Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean: past, present, and future. Taylor & Francis, p. 37. ISBN 0-7146-8054-0
  3. ^ González de Canales, Fernando (2000). Catálogo de Pinturas del Museo Naval. Tomo II. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa.
  4. ^ Martínez-Valverde y Martínez, Carlos. Enciclopedia General del Mar. Garriga, Madrid, 1957.
  5. ^ Biografía del Marqués de Casa-Tilly. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  6. ^ Biografía del Marqués de Casa-Tilly. Portal Todo a Babor. In Spanish
  7. ^ http://www.todoababor.es/articulos/bio_arce.htm Biografía de Antonio González de Arce. Portal Todo a Babor. In Spanish
  8. ^ Real Academia de la historia: Diccionario Bibliográfico español – Manuel Antonio Flórez
  9. ^ "Flores, Manuel Antonio (1987)." Enciclopedia de México, v. 5. Mexico City
  10. ^ "Flores, Manuel Antonio (1987). " Enciclopedia de México, v. 5. Mexico City
  11. ^ José Luis Santalo Rodríguez de Viguri (1973). Don Jose Solano y Bote, Primer Marqués del Socorro Capitán General de la Armada. Madrid: Instituto Histórico de Marina. I.S.B.N. 84-00-03891-6
  12. ^ Colección de Opusculos del Excmo. Sr. D. Martín Fernández de Navarrete, Madrid. 1848
  13. ^ Borja y Poyo. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  14. ^ Gil de Lemos. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  15. ^ Federico Gravina. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  16. ^ Tejada y Suárez de Lara. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  17. ^ Ignacio María de Álava y Navarrete. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  18. ^ Villavicencio de la Serna. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish.
  19. ^ Ruiz de Apodaca. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  20. ^ Madrid Gazette no. 26, de 26/01/1835, pp. 103 a 104.. In Spanish
  21. ^ Cayetano Valdés y Flores. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  22. ^ Cervera Pery, José (2004). El Panteón de Marinos Ilustres. Trayectoria Histórica, reseña biográfica. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa.
  23. ^ Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1973). La Armada Española, desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón. Madrid: Museo Naval.
  24. ^ González de Canales, Fernando (2000). Catálogo de Pinturas del Museo Naval. Volume II.
  25. ^ Marliani, Manuel (1850). Combate de Trafalgar. Vindicación de la Armada Española. Madrid: Impreso de Orden Superior.
  26. ^ Sartorio y Terol. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  27. ^ Romay y Jiménez-Cisneros en el portal TodoAvante.es
  28. ^ XXI Capitán General de la Armada. Contando historias antiguas... de militares.
  29. ^ Francisco Javier de Ulloa en el portal TodoAvante.es
  30. ^ Francisco Javier de Ulloa. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  31. ^ Capaz Rendón. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  32. ^ "Francisco Armero Peñaranda en el portal TodoAvante.es". Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  33. ^ Cervera y Jácome, Juan (1926). El Panteón de Marinos Ilustres. Madrid: Ministerio de Marina.
  34. ^ Martínez-Valverde y Martínez, Carlos (1957). Enciclopedia General del Mar. Garriga.
  35. ^ González de Canales, Fernando (2000). Catálogo de Pinturas del Museo Naval. Volume II. Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa.
  36. ^ Juan José Martínez de Espinosa y Tacón. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  37. ^ Joaquín Gutiérrez de Rubalcaba y Casal. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  38. ^ compactgen.com[permanent dead link]. In Spanish
  39. ^ Luis Hernández-Pinzón Álvarez. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  40. ^ Guillermo Chacón y Maldonado. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  41. ^ Carlos Valcárcel. Portal TodoAvante.es In Spanish
  42. ^ Rodríguez González, Agustín Ramón (1993). Isaac Peral: Historia de una Frustración. Cartagena: Ayuntamiento de Cartagena. ISBN 84-87529-21-6.
  43. ^ Biografía de Juan Bautista Viniegra y Mendoza. Portal TodoAvante.es. In Spanish
  44. ^ Gaceta de Madrid núm. 76, de 17/03/1918.
  45. ^ Biografía de Ricardo Fernández de la Puente. Portal TodoAvante.es
  46. ^ Madrid Gazette (11 May 1920). In Spanish
  47. ^ Silva Suárez, Manuel (2007). "Chacón y Orta, Francisco" (PDF). El Ochocientos: De las Profundidades a las Alturas. II: 395. ISBN 978-84-7820-814-2.
  48. ^ Urquijo y Goitia, José Ramón de (2008). Gobiernos y ministros españoles en la edad contemporánea. Madrid: CSIC. ISBN 978-84-00-08737-1.
  49. ^ Biografía de Ricardo Fernández de la Puente en el portal TodoAvante.es (In Spanish)
  50. ^ Madrid Gazette (30 October 1928)
  51. ^ Hemeroteca Periódico ABC (21/02/33). Acceded 14 February 2017 (In Spanish).
  52. ^ Decree 3204/1973, 20 December, approving the State funeral for HE Admiral Carrero Blanco, the President of the Government. Spanish Official Journal (21/12/73)
  53. ^ Law-Decree 16/1975, 20 November, promoting HRH the Prince of Spain to honorary captain general of the Armies. Spanish Official Journal. In Spanish
  54. ^ Royal Decree 1477/1992, 4 December, promoting HRH don Juan de Borbón y Battenberg, Navy Admiral, to honorary captain general of the Navy. Spanish Official Journal (05/12/1992). In Spanish
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