Carboxylesterase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CES2gene.[5][6][7] It is a member of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase family.[8]
Carboxylesterase 2 is a member of a large multigene family. The enzymes encoded by these genes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid esters and thioesters. The specific function of this enzyme has not yet been determined; however, it is speculated that carboxylesterases may play a role in lipid metabolism and/or the blood–brain barrier system. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.[7]
Interactive pathway map[]
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.[§ 1]
^Schwer H, Langmann T, Daig R, Becker A, Aslanidis C, Schmitz G (Jun 1997). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel putative carboxylesterase, present in human intestine and liver". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 233 (1): 117–20. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6413. PMID9144407.
^Imai T (Jun 2006). "Human Carboxylesterase Isozymes: Catalytic Properties and Rational Drug Design". Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 21 (3): 173–185. doi:10.2133/dmpk.21.173. PMID16858120.
Further reading[]
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID9373149.
Yan B, Matoney L, Yang D (1999). "Human carboxylesterases in term placentae: enzymatic characterization, molecular cloning and evidence for the existence of multiple forms". Placenta. 20 (7): 599–607. doi:10.1053/plac.1999.0407. PMID10452915.
Wu MH, Chen P, Remo BF, et al. (2004). "Characterization of multiple promoters in the human carboxylesterase 2 gene". Pharmacogenetics. 13 (7): 425–35. doi:10.1097/00008571-200307000-00008. PMID12835618.
Marsh S, Xiao M, Yu J, et al. (2005). "Pharmacogenomic assessment of carboxylesterases 1 and 2". Genomics. 84 (4): 661–8. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.07.008. PMID15475243.
Wu MH, Chen P, Wu X, et al. (2005). "Determination and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotype structure of the human carboxylesterase 2 gene". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (9): 595–605. doi:10.1097/00008571-200409000-00004. PMID15475733.
Charasson V, Bellott R, Meynard D, et al. (2005). "Pharmacogenetics of human carboxylesterase 2, an enzyme involved in the activation of irinotecan into SN-38". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 76 (6): 528–35. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.08.007. PMID15592324. S2CID23999721.
Kim SR, Nakamura T, Saito Y, et al. (2005). "Twelve novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CES2 gene encoding human carboxylesterase 2 (hCE-2)". Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 18 (5): 327–32. doi:10.2133/dmpk.18.327. PMID15618752.