Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

Infante Ferdinand
Infante Ferdinand
Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico
	Portrait by Gaspar de Crayer, 1639
See	Santa Maria in Portico (Octaviae)
Installed	29 July 1619
Term ended	9 November 1641
Predecessor	Ferdinando Gonzaga
Successor	Virginio Orsini
Other post(s)	Apostolic Administrator of Toledo; Governor of the Spanish Netherlands; Governor of the Duchy of Milan
Orders
Created cardinal	29 July 1619
Rank	Cardinal-Deacon
Personal details
Born	16 May 1609 or 24 May 1610; San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Kingdom of Spain
Died	9 November 1641 (aged 31 or 32); Brussels, Spanish Netherlands
Buried	El Escorial
Denomination	Catholic
Parents	Philip III of Spain; Margaret of Austria

Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand (also known as Don Fernando de Austria, Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España and as Ferdinand von Österreich; May 1609 or 1610^[1] – 9 November 1641) was Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church, Infante of Spain, Infante of Portugal (until 1640), Archduke of Austria, Archbishop of Toledo (1619–41), and military commander during the Thirty Years' War.

Biography[]

Youth[]

Born at the El Escorial near Madrid, Spain in 1609¹, he was the son of the King of Spain and Portugal, Philip III and II and Margaret of Austria, sister of Emperor Ferdinand II.^[2] His older siblings were King Philip IV and III and the French queen Anne of Austria.

As his father wished that he pursue an ecclesiastical career, Ferdinand was elevated to the Primacy of Spain in 1619, becoming Archbishop of Toledo.^[3] Shortly afterwards he was created Cardinal. The style Cardinal-Infante was a combination of his dignity as Cardinal and his station as a royal Prince (Infante in Spanish) of Spain. Ferdinand was never actually ordained a priest (though he received the minor orders).^[4]

Events leading to the Battle of Nördlingen[]

In 1630 the Cardinal Infante's aunt Isabella Clara Eugenia planned to make him her successor as governor of the Spanish Netherlands. To move to the Netherlands in a style befitting a governor, a strong army had to accompany him. Travel by ship from Spain was not an option as it would expose him to risk of battle with the Dutch navy in the then ongoing Eighty Years' War, so in 1633, he went to Genoa, having quit his governorship of Catalonia where he had been trained. He met with an army from Milan for a planned march through the famous Spanish Way across Lombardy, Tyrol, and Swabia, and then following the Rhine to the Netherlands. Ferdinand also planned to secure this supply route with a string of garrisons, and to support the army of King Ferdinand III of Hungary, his brother-in-law the emperor's son and heir, who was leading the Imperial army facing the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War.

Since disease delayed his travels, he sent half of his army ahead under the command of the Duke of Feria. However, this army was severely depleted during fighting with the Swedish army of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustaf Horn. The Spanish requested 4000 cavalry from the Imperial general Albrecht von Wallenstein, but this being denied, the Spanish had to fund the troops on their own. The Cardinal-Infante was able to continue his travels in 1634, collecting in Bavaria the remains of the army of Gómez Suárez, who had died in January 1634.

Battle of Nördlingen[]

Meanwhile, Ferdinand of Hungary was able to defeat the Swedish army at Regensburg in July 1634. Ferdinand and his cousin the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand then raced to merge their armies. The Swedish forces of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustaf Horn desperately tried to prevent this merger, but were unable to catch up with Ferdinand of Hungary. The Cardinal-Infante crossed the Danube in August 1634. In September both armies were able to merge, and camped south of Nördlingen in Swabia. At that time Nördlingen was protected by a small Swedish garrison. Shortly thereafter, the armies of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustaf Horn also reached Nördlingen, preparing the events for the decisive Battle of Nördlingen. Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand and his cousin Ferdinand then prepared for battle, ignoring the advice of the more experienced generals, such as the Imperial general Matthias Gallas. Bernhard and Horn also prepared for battle, but they were by now rivals and in disagreement with each other. They also underestimated the numerically superior enemy forces, due to incorrect reports that did not realize the Spanish Army of the late Duke of Feria had joined the Cardinal-Infante and believed that the enemy forces numbered only 7,000, not 21,000 infantry, compared to 16,000 Swedish infantry. During the battle, almost anything that could go wrong went wrong for the Swedish forces, in large part due to the efforts of the Spanish Infantry, so that the two Ferdinands achieved a great victory. The Swedish army that fled to Heilbronn was only a shadow of its former self.

The Spanish Netherlands[]

Archduke Ferdinand in 1635 depicted by Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens. Collection of John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art

The King of Hungary tried to convince his cousin to stay and to strengthen their hold on Germany, but the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand moved his troops almost immediately after the battle to continue to Brussels. At the end of 1634 he entered Brussels with all the glory befitting a Governor-General. Due to the unpopularity of the clergy in Brussels, he downplayed his religious status and instead emphasized his worldly ranks. Ferdinand was a skilled politician and diplomat, and quickly reformed the government and the military. He especially managed to win the support of the Flemings against France. However, his powers were secretly limited, and the leader of his army was instructed to follow Spanish orders instead of Ferdinand's orders if necessary.

In 1635, the French attacked Namur, planning to merge with the Dutch near Maastricht but were held off by well prepared defenses. At the siege of Leuven, the invading Franco-Dutch forces, suffering badly from supply problems and greatly depleted by disease and desertion, were forced to withdraw when a Spanish relief force arrived. This allowed Spanish forces under Ferdinand to go on the offensive. The Dutch were driven back and the French retreated. Ferdinand subsequently was able to capture Diest, Goch, Gennep, Limbourg, and Schenkenschanz.

Coat of Arms of the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Spain.

"Ferdinand Receives the Keys of the City from the Virgin of Ghent", print after a painting made by Antoon van den Heuvel for the Joyous Entry by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into Ghent in 1635

In 1636, Ferdinand disempowered the last Protestant priests in the Spanish Netherlands, and continued his military counter-offensive by capturing Hirson, Le Catelet, and La Capelle, and securing Luxembourg using the usual mixed nationalities typical of the early modern age that included Croatian troops, and reaching as far a stronghold in France as Corbie, threatening Paris.

In 1637, with Spanish forces concentrated in the fight with the French, a relatively lightly defended Breda, that had been under Spanish control for twelve years, was recaptured by the Dutch after a 10-month siege by the Prince of Orange. The loss of Breda was a propaganda blow to Spanish prestige but of minor strategic importance compared to the gains made by Ferdinand that year in taking the Dutch towns of Venlo and Roermond in the Meuse, effectively cutting Maastricht from the Dutch Republic and, thus, preventing further Dutch attacks on the Spanish Netherlands from the east.^[5]^[6] In the southern front Ferdinand lost the towns of La Capelle, Landrecies, and Damvillers to the French, but then he forced them to retreat south of Maubeuge.^[7]

In 1638, Ferdinand's army successfully defended Antwerp, Saint-Omer and Geldern from the Dutch and French armies.^[8] Ferdinand achieved a great victory over the Dutch at the Battle of Kallo. In a letter to his brother the King of Spain shortly afterwards, Ferdinand described the battle as "the greatest victory which your Majesty's arms have achieved since the war in the Low Countries began".^[9]

In 1639, Ferdinand managed again to thwart Franco-Dutch plans. The Dutch navy defeated an important Spanish fleet in the Battle of the Downs, off the English coast, but it failed to prevent most of the army it was carrying, some 7,000 to 10,500 infantry, from landing at Dunkirk.^[10] While Ferdinand frustrated the Prince of Orange's move against Hulst, a Spanish army under Count Piccolomini destroyed the main French army in the south at the Battle of Thionville.^[10]

In 1640, Dutch attacks on Hulst and Bruges were repelled by the local Spanish garrisons.^[11] In the south, after a failed attack on the Spanish fortress of in Givet, the French army launched a great offensive upon Arras, the capital of the County of Artois. Ferdinand took the command of the army and attempted unsuccessfully to break the French lines. The city finally surrendered on 9 August. Its capture was the first victory of importance for the French in the war after five years of fighting.^[12]

Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria as Actaeon by Diego Velázquez

Fall from grace[]

More dangerous than his military enemies were, however, his enemies at the Spanish court. Numerous rumours and lies floated about, and it was claimed that Ferdinand was planning to become an independent ruler of the Spanish Netherlands with the help of the French King, an enemy of Spain. This rumour was enhanced by another rumour that the French court was planning to marry Ferdinand to Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, the (eldest) daughter of Gaston, Duke of Orléans, the French king's brother. The former claim was untrue however his sister Anne of Austria did suggest a marriage between Ferdinand and Anne Marie Louise, the greatest heiress in Europe. Making matters worse, the Spanish empire was under intense pressure militarily and financially; the Cardinal-Infante was even given conflicting orders to send troops to Spain to aid against the 1640 Portuguese uprising.

Death[]

Ferdinand fell ill during battles in 1641, and died on 9 November 1641 in Brussels at age 32.^[13] It was thought that death was caused by exhaustion combined with ill health. Reports talk about a stomach ulcer, but rumors also claimed that he was poisoned. Before his death he had an illegitimate daughter, Marie Anne de la Croix, born in Brussels in 1641 and died a nun in Madrid in 1715.

His body was brought to Spain in 1643, and 12,000 requiem Masses were performed in accordance with his last wishes. He was buried in the Panteón de Infantes.

Disputes about his successor as the Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands destroyed the alliance between the Emperor in Vienna and the Spanish in Madrid. The Emperor (by now the Cardinal-Infante's old comrade in arms, Ferdinand III) favored his brother Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, a militarily unfortunate but otherwise a capable ruler. Madrid favored John of Austria the Younger, the twelve-year-old illegitimate son of Philip IV and the actress María Calderón. The inauguration of the unpopular bastard was delayed, and the rule of the Spanish Netherlands was taken over by Francisco de Mello, Marquis of Terceira.

Ancestry[]

showAncestors of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

Notes[]

^ Conflicting sources of his birth. Dates given are 16 May 1609 and 24 May 1610.
^ Parker, Geoffrey and Simon Adams, The Thirty Years' War, (Routledge, 1984), 292.
^ Zimmerman, Benedict, Carmel in England, (Burns & Oates, Limited, 1899), 166.
^ "Austria, Fernando de". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 2017-07-23. Retrieved 2013-03-06.
^ Van Nimwegen, Olaf: The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2010. ISBN 9781843835752, pp. 254–255.
^ 't Hart, Marjolein: The Dutch Wars of Independence: Warfare and Commerce in the Netherlands 1570-1680. Oxon: Routledge, 2014. ISBN 9781317812548, p. 27.
^ Thion, Stéphane: French Armies of the Thirty Years' War. Auzielle: LRT Editions, 2008. ISBN 9782917747018, p. 23.
^ González de León, Fernando: The Road to Rocroi: Class, Culture and Command in the Spanish Army of Flanders, 1567-1659. Leiden: Brill, 2009. ISBN 9789004170827, p. 235.
^ Israel, Jonathan: Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London: The Hambledon Press, 1997. ISBN 9781852851613, p. 83.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Van Nimwegen, p. 260.
^ Guthrie, William P.: The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2007. ISBN 9780313324086, p. 168.
^ Maffi, Davide: La gran ilusión: Francia en guerra (1635–1643). In Desperta Ferro Moderna, 9. Madrid: April–May 2014, ISSN 2255-0542 p. 36.
^ Griffis, William Elliot, Belgium: the land of art: its history, legends, industry and modern expansion, (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1919), 231.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp III." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 120 – via Wikisource.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 13 – via Wikisource.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Kurth, Godefroid (1911). "Philip II" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria von Bayern" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 20 – via Wikisource.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at the Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Elisabeth (Isabella von Portugal)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 169 – via Wikisource.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maximilian II." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 103 – via Wikisource.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria von Spanien" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 19 – via Wikisource.
^ Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor at the Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Obermayer-Marnach, Eva (1953), "Anna Jagjello", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 299; (full text online)
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Goetz, Walter (1953), "Albrecht V.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160; (full text online)
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.

External links[]

Marek, Miroslav. "Genealogy". Genealogy.EU.
WER war WER - im Dreißigjährigen Krieg
Enrique Garcia-Herraiz:Un nuevo retrato del Cardenal Infante don Fernando, conmemorando la victoria de Nördlingen

Government offices
Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria House of Habsburg Born: 16 May 1609 Died: 9 November 1641
Preceded by The Duke of Feria	Governor of the Duchy of Milan 1633–1634	Succeeded by Cardinal Gil de Albornoz
Preceded by Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia	Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands 1634–1641	Succeeded by The Marquis of Terceira
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas as Archbishop	Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese of Toledo 1620–1641	Succeeded by Gaspar de Borja y Velasco as Archbishop

Portals
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[1] Conflicting sources of his birth. Dates given are 16 May 1609 and 24 May 1610.

[2] Parker, Geoffrey and Simon Adams, The Thirty Years' War, (Routledge, 1984), 292.

[3] Zimmerman, Benedict, Carmel in England, (Burns & Oates, Limited, 1899), 166.

[4] "Austria, Fernando de". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 2017-07-23. Retrieved 2013-03-06.

[5] Van Nimwegen, Olaf: The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2010. ISBN 9781843835752, pp. 254–255.

['t_Hart-6] 't Hart, Marjolein: The Dutch Wars of Independence: Warfare and Commerce in the Netherlands 1570-1680. Oxon: Routledge, 2014. ISBN 9781317812548, p. 27.

[7] Thion, Stéphane: French Armies of the Thirty Years' War. Auzielle: LRT Editions, 2008. ISBN 9782917747018, p. 23.

[8] González de León, Fernando: The Road to Rocroi: Class, Culture and Command in the Spanish Army of Flanders, 1567-1659. Leiden: Brill, 2009. ISBN 9789004170827, p. 235.

[9] Israel, Jonathan: Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London: The Hambledon Press, 1997. ISBN 9781852851613, p. 83.

[Nimwegen260-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b Van Nimwegen, p. 260.

[11] Guthrie, William P.: The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2007. ISBN 9780313324086, p. 168.

[12] Maffi, Davide: La gran ilusión: Francia en guerra (1635–1643). In Desperta Ferro Moderna, 9. Madrid: April–May 2014, ISSN 2255-0542 p. 36.

[13] Griffis, William Elliot, Belgium: the land of art: its history, legends, industry and modern expansion, (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1919), 231.

[BLKO-Philip_III-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp III." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 120 – via Wikisource.

[BLKO-Margaretha-15] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 13 – via Wikisource.

[CathEncy-Philip_II-16] Jump up to: ^a ^b Kurth, Godefroid (1911). "Philip II" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

[BLKO-Anna-17] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.

[BLKO-Karl_II-18] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.

[BLKO-Maria_von_Bayern-19] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria von Bayern" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 20 – via Wikisource.

[Britannia-Charles_V-20] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at the Encyclopædia Britannica

[BLKO-Isabella-21] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Elisabeth (Isabella von Portugal)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 169 – via Wikisource.

[BLKO-Maximilian_II-22] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maximilian II." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 103 – via Wikisource.

[BLKO-Maria_von_Spanien-23] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria von Spanien" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 7. p. 19 – via Wikisource.

[24] Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor at the Encyclopædia Britannica

[NDB-Anna_Jagjello-25] Jump up to: ^a ^b Obermayer-Marnach, Eva (1953), "Anna Jagjello", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 299; (full text online)

[NDB-Albrecht_V-26] Jump up to: ^a ^b Goetz, Walter (1953), "Albrecht V.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160; (full text online)

[BLKO-Anna_von_Oesterreich-27] Jump up to: ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin, von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). 6. p. 151 – via Wikisource.

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[19]

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show v t Infantes of Spain
The generations indicate descent from Carlos I, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
1st generation	Felipe II
2nd generation	Carlos, Prince of Asturias Fernando, Prince of Asturias Diego, Prince of Asturias Felipe III
3rd generation	Felipe IV Infante Carlos Infante Fernando Infante Alonso
4th generation	Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias Carlos II
5th generation	None
6th generation	None
7th generation	Luis I Infante Felipe Pedro Fernando VI Carlos III Felipe I, Duke of Parma Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón
8th generation	Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria Carlos IV Fernando I of the Two Sicilies Infante Gabriel Infante Antonio Pascual Fernando I, Duke of Parma¹
9th generation	Fernando VII Infante Carlos, Count of Molina Infante Francisco de Paula Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal¹ Luis I of Etruria²
10th generation	Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier² Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin¹ Infante Juan, Count of Montizón¹ Infante Fernando¹ Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain¹ Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville¹ Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal¹ Carlos II, Duke of Parma¹
11th generation	Alfonso XII Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti² Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera¹ Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime¹ Carlos III, Duke of Parma¹
12th generation	Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies² Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria² Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera¹ Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans¹ Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid¹ Roberto I, Duke of Parma¹
13th generation	Alfonso, Prince of Asturias Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona Infante Gonzalo Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria¹
14th generation	Juan Carlos I Infante Alfonso Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria¹
15th generation	Felipe VI
16th generation	None
¹ title granted by Royal Decree ² consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante

show v t Infantes of Portugal
The generations indicate descent from Afonso I, and continues through the House of Aviz, the House of Habsburg through Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain, and the House of Braganza through Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza.
1st generation	Sancho I
2nd generation	Afonso II Infante Pedro, Count of Urgell Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders
3rd generation	Sancho II Afonso III Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa
4th generation	Dinis I Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre
5th generation	Afonso IV Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria
6th generation	Pedro I
7th generation	Fernando I Infante João, Duke of Valencia de Campos Infante Dinis, Lord of Cifuentes
8th generation	Duarte I Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu Infante João, Constable of Portugal Infante Fernando
9th generation	Afonso V Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu Infante Pedro, Constable of Portugal Infante João, Prince of Antioch Cardinal-Infante Jaime of Coimbra Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal
10th generation	João, Prince of Portugal João II Infante João, Duke of Viseu Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu Manuel I
11th generation	Afonso, Prince of Portugal Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias* João III Infante Luís, Duke of Beja Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda Cardinal-Infante Afonso Henrique I (The Cardinal-King) Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
12th generation	Afonso, Prince of Portugal Manuel, Prince of Portugal Filipe, Prince of Portugal João Manuel, Prince of Portugal Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
13th generation	Sebastião I Diogo, Prince of Portugal and Asturias§ Filipe II§ Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugalƒ
14th generation	Filipe III§ Infante Carlos§ Cardinal-Infante Fernando§ Infante Alonso§
15th generation	Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias§ Teodósio, Prince of Brazil Afonso VI Pedro II
16th generation	João, Prince of Brazil João V Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja Infante António Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém
17th generation	Pedro, Prince of Brazil José I Infante Carlos Pedro III Infante Alexandre
18th generation	None
19th generation	José, Prince of Brazil João VI
20th generation	Francisco António, Prince of Beira Pedro I of Brazil & IV of Portugal Miguel I Infante Pedro Carlos#
21st generation	João Carlos, Prince of Beira Pedro II of Brazil‡ Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganzaƒ Infante Sebastião#
22nd generation	Pedro V¶ Luís I¶ Infante João, Duke of Beja¶ Infante Fernando¶ Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra¶ Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseuƒ◙ Infante Francisco Joséƒ◙ Infante Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganzaƒ◙
23rd generation	Carlos I¶ Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto¶ Infante Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganzaƒ Infante Henrique, Duke of Coimbraƒ
24th generation	Luís Filipe, Prince Royal¶ Manuel II¶ Afonso, Prince of Beiraƒ
* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples, § also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria, # also an infante of Spain, ‡ also an imperial prince of Brazil, ¶ also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony, ◙ also a prince of Braganza, ¤ title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic, ƒ claimant infante

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Infante Ferdinand
Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico
Portrait by Gaspar de Crayer, 1639
See	Santa Maria in Portico (Octaviae)
Installed	29 July 1619
Term ended	9 November 1641
Predecessor	Ferdinando Gonzaga
Successor	Virginio Orsini
Other post(s)	Apostolic Administrator of Toledo Governor of the Spanish Netherlands Governor of the Duchy of Milan
Orders
Created cardinal	29 July 1619
Rank	Cardinal-Deacon
Personal details
Born	16 May 1609 or 24 May 1610 San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Kingdom of Spain
Died	9 November 1641 (aged 31 or 32) Brussels, Spanish Netherlands
Buried	El Escorial
Denomination	Catholic
Parents	Philip III of Spain Margaret of Austria