Caridad Mercader

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Caridad Mercacer
Mercader and her brothers, c. 1895
Born	Eustacia María Caridad del Río Hernández (1892-03-29)29 March 1892 Santiago de Cuba, Captaincy General of Cuba
Died	1975 (1976) (aged 82) Paris, France
Nationality	Spanish, Cuban
Employer	NKVD
Known for	Her involvement in the assassination of Leon Trotsky and being the mother of Ramón Mercader, the assassin
Political party	Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
Spouse(s)	Pablo Mercader Marina
Children	Jorge, Ramón, Pablo, Montserrat and Luis

Eustacia María Caridad del Río Hernándeza (29 March 1892 – 1975), better known as Caridad del Río, Caridad Mercader or Caritat Mercader, was a Cuban communist militant and an agent of the Soviet NKVD.^[1] She is also known for being the mother of Ramón Mercader, the assassin of Leon Trotsky,^[2] and for having personally participated in the operation.^[3]

Life[]

Caridad Mercader belonged to a wealthy family of  [es] origin^[a] in early 20th-century Barcelona.^[4] She married Pablo Mercader, a member of Barcelona's industrial upper class, from whom she took the name, and with whom she had five children.^[5] After the end of her marriage to Mercader, she moved away from her family and permanently turned her back on the social class they represented.^[6] This decision was motivated in part by an episode of forced institutionalization during which she was subjected to electroshock therapy^[6] and her former husband's attempts to change her state of "sexual apathy" through visits to local brothels.^[2] Mercader began to frequent anarchist circles and soon attached herself to the communist ideology. She participated in the fights against the military uprising in Barcelona and joined the groups that left for Aragon, where she suffered severe injuries during an aerial attack.^[5]

Mercader achieved some notoriety as a member of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya, PSUC). In 1936 she led a propaganda mission to Mexico^[7][8] and later became an agent of the NKVD in Spain.^[9] Her son Ramón, also a member of the PSUC and an officer in the Spanish Republican Army, was also recruited by Soviet espionage during the war, likely with the involvement of his mother, and trained to assassinate Leon Trotsky.^[10] Caridad, who had settled in Paris some time in 1938, also participated in the operation.^[11] When Ramón was arrested after murdering Trotsky, she managed to leave Mexico and escape to the Soviet Union, where she was received with honors.^[12] She actively participated in conflicts between the different factions of exiled Spanish communists during her stay there.^[13]

In 1944 she obtained a permit to leave the country. However, contrary to the agreed upon conditions, she traveled to Mexico, where an undercover operation was being prepared to get Ramón Mercader out of jail.^[14] Mercader's presence proved to be counterproductive, as Mexican authorities tightened Ramón's prison conditions, causing the Soviets to abandon their efforts.^[14] Ramón, who according to his brother Luis never shared his mother's passion for the communist cause,^[15] never forgave her for this interference.^[16]

After the failure of the operation, Caridad once more took up residence in Paris, enjoying a Soviet pension.^[17] She occasionally traveled to the Soviet Union to visit her children, Luis and Ramón, the latter of which had settled there after serving his sentence in Mexico.^[18] She died in the French capital in 1975.^[19][20]

Notes[]

Footnotes[]

Bibliography[]

• Juárez, Javier (2008). Patria: una española en el KGB (in Spanish). Barcelona: Random House Mondadori. ISBN 978-84-8306-763-5.
• Mercader, Luis; Sánchez, Germán (1990). Ramón Mercader, mi hermano. Cincuenta años después. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe. ISBN 84-239-2228-6.
• Renton, Dave (2004). Trotsky. London: Haus Publishing. ISBN 1-904341-62-4.
• Wilmers, Mary-Kay (2012). The Eitingons: A Twentieth Century Story. London: Verso Books. ISBN 978-1-84467-911-9.