Cas1
| CRISPR-associated protein 1 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | cas1 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01867 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR002729 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
CRISPR-associated protein 1 (cas1) is one of the two universally conserved proteins found in the CRISPR prokaryotic immune defense system. Cas1 is a metal-dependent DNA-specific endonuclease that produces double-stranded DNA fragments.[1] Cas1 forms a stable complex with the other universally conserved CRISPR-associated protein, cas2, which is essential to spacer acquisition for CRISPR systems.[2]
In July 2017, researchers led by Jennifer Doudna from the University of California at Berkeley, in Berkeley, California, using electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, and the HHMI electron microscope facility at UC Berkeley, discovered how Cas1-Cas2, the proteins responsible for the ability of the (CRISPR means: clustered regularly interspaced short ) in bacteria to adapt to new viral infections, identify the site in the genome where they insert viral DNA so they can recognize it later and mount an attack. A protein called plays a crucial role in this process.[3] Scientists also discovered that Cas-1 inhibits Cas-2/3 enzymatic activity as a nuclease and in the same discussion postulated that Cas1-Cas2 had an evolutionary origin as a toxin-antitoxin complex. This could result in a change in the evolutionary model of the Cas1-Cas2 complex.[4]
References[]
- ^ Wiedenheft B, Zhou K, Jinek M, Coyle SM, Ma W, Doudna JA (2009). "Structural basis for DNase activity of a conserved protein implicated in CRISPR-mediated genome defense". Structure. 17 (6): 904–12. doi:10.1016/j.str.2009.03.019. PMID 19523907.
- ^ Nuñez JK, Kranzusch PJ, Noeske J, Wright AV, Davies CW, Doudna JA (2014). "Cas1-Cas2 complex formation mediates spacer acquisition during CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 21 (6): 528–34. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2820. PMC 4075942. PMID 24793649.
- ^ "Researchers discover how CRISPR proteins find their target". 20 July 2017.
- ^ Rollins, MaryClare F.; Chowdhury, Saikat; Carter, Joshua; Golden, Sarah M.; Wilkinson, Royce A.; Bondy-Denomy, Joseph; Lander, Gabriel C.; Wiedenheft, Blake (24 April 2017). "Cas1 and the Csy complex are opposing regulators of Cas2/3 nuclease activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (26): E5113–E5121. doi:10.1073/pnas.1616395114. PMC 5495223. PMID 28438998.
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