Chargeware

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Chargeware is seemingly valid looking mobile applications used to charge a user for services without proper notification or knowledge.^[1] Often focused on Internet pornography,^[2] third-party porn apps are downloaded onto a user's mobile device, in turn infecting their phone with the malware known as Chargeware.^[3]

The purpose of Chargeware is to manipulate a user into agreeing to unclear terms such that fees and charges are applied without the user's full understanding or consent.^[4]

Chargeware is deliberately difficult to renege from, so that charges can continue for as long as possible without carrier interference.^[5]

In 2013, hundreds of thousands of users, primarily in France and the UK, experienced applications of this nature which ultimately led to other forms of malware on their mobile device(s).^[6] Various other countries, such as Spain, encountered Chargeware infections that almost matched the number of adware infections; Japan had the lowest number of Chargeware infections of any other country.^[7]

Hackers are reportedly learning their market and changing tactics (i.e., mobile malware) so that operations are harder to trace and harder to shut down.^[8] Said markets also include specific countries, since charging practices can vary on either a country or carrier basis.^[9]

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