Charles Whittlesey (geologist)
Charles Whittlesey | |
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| Born | October 4, 1808 Southington, Connecticut |
| Died | October 18, 1886 (aged 78) Cleveland, Ohio |
| Allegiance | United States of America Union |
| Service/ | United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1831-1832 (U.S. Army) 1861–1862 (Volunteer Army) |
| Rank |  Colonel, U.S.V. |
| Unit | 20th Ohio Infantry |
| Commands held | 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, Army of the Tennessee |
| Battles/wars | American Civil War |
| Other work | geologist |
| Signature |  |
Charles Whittlesey (born Southington, Connecticut, 4 October 1808; died Cleveland, Ohio, 18 October 1886) was a soldier, geologist and an investigator of mounds relics of the United States. He is described by Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis in their book Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley as a "zealous investigator" in the field of "American antiquarian research."[1]
Biography[]
Whittlesey graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1831, and was assigned to the U.S. Army's Fifth Infantry regiment. In 1832 he was stationed at Fort Howard, Wisconsin, and, after serving in the Black Hawk War, resigned on 30 September of the same year. After studying law, he followed that profession in Cleveland, and from 1836 to 1837, was editorially connected with the Cleveland Herald.[2]
In 1837 Whittlesey was appointed assistant geologist of the State of Ohio, under William W. Mather, and given charge of the topographical and mathematical parts of that survey, which disclosed the rich coal and iron deposits of eastern Ohio that are the foundation of its manufacturing industries. At this time, he also carefully examined and measured several of the works of the Mound Builders, and his plans and notes of twenty of these remains were embodied in Edwin Hamilton Davis and E. G. Squier's Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley.[1]
From 1847 until 1851 he was engaged by the U.S. Government in making a mineralogical and geological survey of the region about Lake Superior and the upper Mississippi. Subsequently, he was professionally engaged as a mining engineer in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and in 1858 became associated in the geological work of the survey of Wisconsin. In February 1861, he was enrolled in a company that tendered its services to Gen. Winfield Scott to escort the President-elect, Abraham Lincoln, to Washington.[2]
He was made assistant quartermaster general on the staff of the Governor of Ohio on 17 April 1861, and during the Western Virginia Campaign acted as chief engineer of the Ohio troops. At the expiration of his three months' service he was appointed, on 15 August 1861, colonel of the 20th Ohio Infantry, and detailed as chief engineer of the Department of the Ohio, with charge of planning and constructing the defenses of Cincinnati. He was present at the Battle of Fort Donelson, where he led his regiment, and after the surrender was sent to north in charge of over 10,000 Confederate prisoners. At the Battle of Shiloh, he commanded the 3rd brigade of Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace's division, but failing health compelled his retirement from active service, and he resigned on 19 April 1862. Whittlesey returned to service in September 1862, serving on Maj. Gen. Wallace's staff, providing assistance directing civilian and military labor for the defense of Cincinnati. Following the passing of the Confederate threat to the city, Whittlesey again returned to civilian life.
He then resumed the geological exploration in the Lake Superior and upper Mississippi basin, and continued his literary labors. In 1867, he was active in the founding of the Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society, of which he was president until his death in 1886.[2] He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1870.[3]
Due to his work describing early North American indigenous people, an archaeological designation, the Whittlesey culture, describing people who lived in Northeast Ohio from A.D. 1000 to 1600, was named in his honor.[4][5][6]
Works[]
Whittlesey's bibliography included about 200 titles. In addition to his reports for the geological surveys, he published in the “Smithsonian Contributions”:
- Historical collections of Ohio : containing a collection of the most interesting facts, traditions, biographical sketches, anecdotes, etc. (1848)
- Descriptions of Ancient Works in Ohio (Washington, 1851)
- On Fluctuations of Level in the North American Lakes (1860)
- Ancient Mining on the Shores of Lake Superior (1863)
- On the Fresh-Water Glacial Drift in the Northwestern States (1866)
He is also the author of:
- Life of John Fitch, in Sparks's “American Biography” (Boston, 1845)
- Early History of Cleveland and Vicinity (Cleveland, 1867)
Notes[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Squier, E.G. (1848). Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. p. 46.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Charles Whittlesey". Ohio History Central. Retrieved 2013-06-09.
- ^ American Antiquarian Society Members Directory
- ^ "Whittlesey Culture". Ohio History Central. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
- ^ "Whittlesey and other Late Prehistoric Tribes". National Park Service. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
- ^ "Prehistoric Inhabitants". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
References[]
- Tribble, Scott, "Living in the Past: Charles Whittlesey," Timeline (Ohio Historical Society, April-June 2008)
- Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1889). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
External links[]
- Guide to Charles Whittlesey, Letter 1880 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
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| General | |
| National libraries | |
| Other | |
- 1808 births
- 1886 deaths
- 19th-century American geologists
- 19th-century American archaeologists
- People of Ohio in the American Civil War
- Union Army colonels
- Members of the American Antiquarian Society
- People from Southington, Connecticut
- 19th-century archaeologists
- Scientists from Connecticut
- Scientists from Ohio