Chionanthus

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Fringetrees
Chionanthus pygmaeus USBG.jpg
Chionanthus pygmaeus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Tribe: Oleeae
Subtribe:
Genus: Chionanthus
L.
Synonyms[1]
  • Mayepea Aubl.
  • Freyeria Scop.
  • Thouinia L.f.
  • Ceranthus Schreb.
  • Cylindria Lour.
  • Linociera Sw. ex Schreb.
  • Bonamica Vell.
  • Minutia Vell.
  • Pogenda Raf.
  • Tessarandra Miers
  • Dekindtia Gilg
  • Campanolea Gilg & G.Schellenb.
  • Sarlina Guillaumin

Chionanthus /ˌkaɪoʊˈnænθəs/, common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae.

Chionanthus virginicus flowers
Chionanthus pubescens
Chionanthus retusus flowers

The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into temperate regions, one (C. retusus) in eastern Asia and two (C. virginicus and C. henryae) in eastern North America.[1][2] Most of the tropical species are evergreen, while the three temperate species are deciduous. Some botanists restrict Chionanthus to the deciduous, temperate species, treating the evergreen species in a separate genus Linociera, but apart from leaf persistence, there is no other consistent difference between them.

They are shrubs and small to medium-sized trees growing to 3–25 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple. The flowers are produced in feathery panicles, with a corolla subdivided into four slender lobes; they are white, pale yellow, or tinged pink. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed.[2]

Species[]

The following species are accepted by[1]

  1. (Borhidi & O.Muñiz) Borhidi - Cuba
  2. Stearn - Jamaica
  3. (Knobl.) Stearn - tropical Africa
  4. Chionanthus albidiflorus Thwaites – Sri Lanka
  5. P.S.Green - Thailand
  6. (Steyerm.) P.S.Green - Venezuela
  7. R.Br. – Australia (Queensland)
  8. (Griseb.) Stearn – Caribbean
  9. A.J.Scott - Mauritius
  10. (Urb.) Stearn - Cuba
  11. Chionanthus balgooyana Kiew – Sarawak
  12. (Hutch.) Stearn - eastern + southern Africa
  13. (Stapf) Kiew - Sumatra
  14. A.J.Scott - Mauritius
  15. (Schltr.) P.S.Green - New Caledonia
  16. (Merrill) P.S.Green – Southern China (Hainan), Vietnam
  17. (Kobuski) Kiew - Papua New Guinea
  18. (Horne ex Oliv.) A.J.Scott – Réunion + Mauritius
  19. (Griseb.) Stearn - Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola
  20. (Kerr) Kiew - Malaysia + Thailand
  21. Chionanthus callophylloides Kiew – Sarawak + Sabah
  22. Chionanthus callophyllus Blume – Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
  23. (Gilg & G.Schellenb.) Stearn - Cameroon + Gabon
  24. (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
  25. Stearn - Cayman Islands
  26. Koord - Sulawesi
  27. (Quisumb. & Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
  28. Cornejo & Bonifaz - Ecuador
  29. Sw. – Caribbean
  30. Labat, Marc Pignal & O.Pascal - Comoros
  31. Chionanthus cordulatus Koord. – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
  32. (S.Vidal) Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu - Taiwan + Philippines
  33. Chionanthus crassifolius (Mart.) P.S.Green - Brazil
  34. Chionanthus crispus Kiew – Sabah
  35. Chionanthus curvicarpus Kiew – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
  36. Blume - Borneo
  37. P.S.Green - Myanmar + Thailand
  38. Zoll. & Moritzi - Java
  39. (Urb.) Stearn - Hispaniola
  40. Miq - Sumatra
  41. Lam. – Caribbean
  42. (Krug & Urb.) Stearn - Dominica + Martinique
  43. Blume - Java + Sumatra
  44. (Steenis) Kiew - Borneo
  45. (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
  46. Chionanthus evenius (Stapf) Kiew – Malesia
  47. (Gilg) P.S.Green - Brazil
  48. (Vell.) P.S.Green - Brazil
  49. (Miers) P.S.Green - Brazil
  50. Chionanthus foveolatus (E.Mey.) Stearn (Pock ironwood) – Southern Africa
  51. Koord - Sulawesi
  52. (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
  53. Chionanthus globosus (Kiew) Kiew – Borneo
  54. Blume - Sumatra
  55. (Elmer) Kiew - Philippines
  56. Lombardi - Brazil
  57. B.M.Miao. – Southeastern China (Guangxi).
  58. (Aubl.) Pers - Venezuela + French Guiana
  59. (Rech.) Kiew - Bismarck, Solomons, Samoa
  60. (Merrill & Chun) B.M.Miao. – Southern China (Hainan)
  61. Chionanthus havilandii Kiew – Borneo
  62. Chionanthus henryae H.L.Li - USA (Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Arkansas)
  63. P.S.Green. – Southwestern China, Burma
  64. (Camp & Monachino) Stearn – Caribbean
  65. (Rusby) P.S.Green - South America
  66. (Wight) F.Muell. – India
  67. Labat - Comoros
  68. (Urb.) Stearn - Jamaica
  69. Chionanthus kinabaluensis Kiew – Borneo
  70. (Sleumer) Kiew - Solomon Islands
  71. (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
  72. Chionanthus leopoldii Kiew – Borneo
  73. (Sw.) Pers. – Caribbean
  74. Miq - Sumatra
  75. (H.L.Li) B.M.Miao. – Southwestern China (Yunnan)
  76. (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
  77. Chionanthus lucens Kiew – Sabah
  78. Blume - Philippines
  79. (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
  80. Chionanthus macrocarpus Blume – Indonesia, Malaysia
  81. (Merr.) Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam
  82. (Dennst.) P.S.Green - India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Andaman Islands
  83. (Soler.) Stearn - western + central Africa
  84. P.S.Green - Thailand
  85. (Mart.) Lozano & Fuertes - Brazil
  86. (Kerr) P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  87. (Gagnep.) P.S.Green - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  88. (Gilg & G.Schellenb.) Stearn - central Africa
  89. Kurz - Burma
  90. Blume - Java, Sulawesi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
  91. (Oliv.) Stearn - tropical Africa
  92. Koord. & Valeton - Java, Sulawesi
  93. (Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
  94. (B.L.Rob.) P.S.Green - Mexico + Central America
  95. Koord. & Valeton - Java
  96. (Lam.) Stearn - Madagascar
  97. (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
  98. Chionanthus pachyphyllus (Merr.) Kiew – Borneo
  99. Chionanthus palustris Kiew – Borneo
  100. (Standl.) Stearn - Mexico, Central America
  101. (Hutch.) Bennet & Raizada - Thailand, Vietnam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
  102. P.S.Green - New Caledonia
  103. (C.H.Wright) Stearn - South Africa (Natal + Cape Province)
  104. F.Muell. – Australia (Queensland)
  105. Chionanthus plurifloroides Kiew – Borneo
  106. Chionanthus pluriflorus (Knobl.) Kiew – Borneo
  107. Chionanthus polycephalus Kiew – Borneo
  108. Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew – Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea
  109. Chionanthus porcatus Kiew – Borneo
  110. Stearn - Jamaica
  111. Chionanthus pubescens Kunth. – Ecuador, Peru
  112. Chionanthus pubicalyx (Ridl.) Kiew – Borneo
  113. Lam. - Sri Lanka
  114. Chionanthus pygmaeus Small (Pygmy fringetree) – Southeastern United States (Florida)
  115. Chionanthus quadristamineus F.Muell. – Australia (Lord Howe Island endemic)
  116. Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxburgh – Australia (Queensland), southern China, India, Nepal, Vietnam
  117. (Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
  118. Chionanthus retusus Lindley & Paxton (Chinese fringetree) – China, Japan, Korea
  119. Stearn - Zambia
  120. (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
  121. (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. - Java
  122. Chionanthus rugosus Kiew – Borneo
  123. (Lingelsh.) Kiew - Indonesia, New Guinea
  124. Chionanthus sabahensis Kiew – Sabah
  125. (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
  126. (Hemsl.) Kiew - New Guinea + Solomon Islands
  127. (C.T.White) Stearn – Australia (Queensland)
  128. Chionanthus spicatus Blume – Borneo
  129. (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
  130. (Merr.) Kiew - Sulawesi
  131. (Eichler) P.S.Green - Brazil
  132. Blume - Sumatra + Andaman Islands
  133. (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
  134. P.S.Green - Brazil
  135. (Gagnep.) P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
  136. Blume - Timor
  137. (Vell.) P.S.Green - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
  138. (H.Perrier) Stearn - Madagascar
  139. (Knobl.) Stearn - Hispaniola
  140. (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
  141. D.Fang - China (Guangxi)
  142. (Gagnep.) Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam
  143. Chionanthus virginicus L. (White fringetree) – Eastern United States (Texas to Florida to Massachusetts to Missouri)
  144. (Seem.) A.C.Sm. - Niue, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga
  145. B.Ståhl - Peru
  146. Chionanthus zeylanicus L. - Sri Lanka, southern India
  147. Koord. & Valeton - Java

References[]

  1. ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, genus Chionanthus
  2. ^ a b Flora of China v 15 p 293, genus Chionanthus

Cited works[]

  • Chang, Mei-chen; Chiu, Lien-ching; Wei, Zhi; Green, Peter S. (2008) [1992]. Wu, Z. Y.; Raven, P. H. (eds.). "Oleaceae; Chionanthus". Flora of China. Online version (print version). eFloras.org. Beijing and St. Louis, MO: Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Retrieved 26 June 2013. {{cite web}}: External link in |version= and |volume= (help)

External links[]

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