Chongzhen calendar

The Chongzhen calendar (Chinese: 崇禎曆; pinyin: Chóngzhēn lì) or Shixian calendar (Chinese: 時憲曆; pinyin: Shíxiàn lì) was the final lunisolar Chinese calendar. It was developed by the Jesuit scholars Johann Schreck and Johann Adam Schall von Bell with Xu Guangqi^[1] from 1624 to 1644, and was dedicated to the Chongzhen Emperor. When he died a year after it was released, it was propagated in the first year of the Qing dynasty by the Shunzhi Emperor, who changed its name to Shíxiàn calendar. The calendar was used from the early Qing period into the modern era.

The main changes introduced by the calendar are:

• Replacement of the original "平气法" solar term system (based on dividing a tropical year equally) with one based on the ecliptic longitude of the sun ("定气法").
• Placement of intercalary months changed to accomendate for changes in the solar term system.

References[]

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