Chouchi

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Chouchi Kingdom
仇池国
296–442 (580)
The kingdom of Chouchi in the western China
The kingdom of Chouchi in the western China
StatusKingdom
CapitalWudu
GovernmentMonarchy
King 
Historical era3rd - 6th century
• Established
296
• Conquered by Former Qin
371
• Chouchi restored as Later Chouchi
385
• Conquered by Liu Song
442
• Disestablished
442 (580)
• Restored as Wudu, Wuxing and Yinping kingdoms
448 - 580
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Former Qin
Liu Song
Northern Zhou
Today part ofChina

Chouchi (Chinese: 仇池; pinyin: Chóuchí) was a polity of the Di ethnicity in modern-day Gansu Province during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Southern and Northern Dynasties.[1][2][3][4]

History[]

At the beginning of the 3rd century CE Yang Teng (楊騰), chieftain of the White Neck Di (白項氐), had occupied the southeast area of modern Gansu province, at the upper course of the Han River. His followers Yang Ju (楊駒) and Yang Qianwan (楊千萬) paid tribute to the emperors of the Cao-Wei Dynasty and were rewarded with the title of Prince (wáng 王).[5][6][3] Yang Feilong (楊飛龍) shifted the center of the Chouchi realm back to Lüeyang, where his successor Yang Maosou (楊茂捜) reigned as independent king at the beginning of the 4th century. The Chouchi troops often plundered territories in the Central Plains to the east and abducted people there, but on the other side the troops of Eastern Jin and Former Zhao deprived the Chouchi empire of her inhabitants. In 322 Yang Nandi (楊難敵) suffered a defeat against Former Zhao and was degraded to Prince of Wudu (武都王) and Duke of Chouchi (仇池公). The next years are characterized by numerous internal struggles among the Yang clan and several throne usurpations. The rulers were not seen as mere regional inspectors (cishi 刺史) or governors (taishou 太守) of their region under the government of Jin.[3]

In 371 Fu Jiàn, ruler of Former Qin attacked Chouchi, captured the ruler Yang Cuan (楊篡) and ended the period of Former Chouchi.[3]

Yang Ding, a great-grandson of Yang Maosou and grandson of Fu Jiàn, resurrected the Chouchi kingdom in 385 with the capital at Licheng (歷城). His younger brother Yang Sheng (楊盛) was able to conquer the region Liangzhou (梁州) at the upper course of the Han River, and declared himself governor for the Jin Dynasty. Efforts to occupy the territory of modern Sichuan failed, but Chouchi controlled a great part of the modern provinces Gansu (east) and Shaanxi (south).[3]

After 443 the lords of Chouchi were only puppet rulers controlled by the Northern Wei. Historians talk of the five realms of Chouchi (Chouchi wuguo 仇池五國): Former and Later Chouchi (Qianchouchi 前仇池, Houchouchi 後仇池), Yinping 陰平, Wudu 武都, and Wuxing 武興.[5][7][3]

Rulers[]

Chieftains, Dukes and Kings of Chouchi, Wuxing and Yinping (late 2nd century – mid 6th century)[3]
Posthumous Names Common names in Chinese characters Durations of reigns or in office Era names
Former Chouchi (late 2nd century – 371)
late 184 – 210
210–230
230–263
263–296
296–317
楊難敵 Yáng Nándí 317–334
334–337
337–355
355–356
356–360
360–370
370–371
Later Chouchi (385–473)
武 Wǔ 楊定 Yáng Dìng 385–394
惠文 Huìwén 394–425
孝昭 Xiàozhāo 425–429
429 and 443
429–441 Jianyi (建義 Jiànyì) 436–440
442–443
443–454
455–466
466–473
Kings of Wuxing 473–506 and 534–555
473–477
477–482
482–486
安 Ān 482–503
503–506, 534–535
535–545
545–553
Note: Yang Zhihui and Yang Bixie could be the same person
Kings of Yinping 477 – mid 6th century
477–483?
483–495
495 – before 502
before 502 – 511
511–?

References[]

  1. ^ 《宋書》列傳第五十八
  2. ^ Scroll of 水經注, Circle of 卷三, part 河水
  3. ^ a b c d e f g http://chinaknowledge.de/History/Division/rulers-qiuchi.html, retrieved 28 Jul 2019
  4. ^ 李祖桓. 李祖桓, 《仇池国志》, 书目文献出版社 : 新华书店北京发行所发行, 1986
  5. ^ a b 抱朴子, part 內篇, section 仙藥
  6. ^ 漾水, particularly page 7
  7. ^ Era of 魏晉南北朝, Title 三國志, Part 吳書十, section 董襲傳

See also[]

  • Di
  • Wu Hu
  • List of past Chinese ethnic groups
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