Chuck-will's-widow
Chuck-will's-widow | |
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Female | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Caprimulgiformes |
Family: | Caprimulgidae |
Genus: | Antrostomus |
Species: | A. carolinensis
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Binomial name | |
Antrostomus carolinensis Gmelin, 1789
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Synonyms | |
Caprimulgus carolinensis |
The chuck-will's-widow (Antrostomus carolinensis) is a nocturnal bird of the nightjar family Caprimulgidae. It is found in the southeastern United States near swamps, rocky uplands, and pine woods. It migrates to the West Indies, Central America, and northwestern South America.
Taxonomy[]
This bird is generally confused with the better-known whippoorwill (Antrostomus vociferus),[2] because of their similar calls and unusual names. Though rather closely related, they are two distinct species.
Description[]
The chuck-will's-widow has a short bill and a long tail typical of the nightjars. It has mottled brownish underparts, a buff throat, reddish-brown feathers lined with black, and brown and white patterning on head and chest. Males have patches of white on their outer tail feathers. It is the largest nightjar in North America. In length, it ranges from 28 to 33 cm (11 to 13 in). The wingspan can range from 58 to 66 cm (23 to 26 in). The body mass of the species is from 66 to 188 g (2.3 to 6.6 oz).[3] Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 20.1 to 22.5 cm (7.9 to 8.9 in), the tail is 13 to 15.1 cm (5.1 to 5.9 in), the bill is 1.1 to 1.4 cm (0.43 to 0.55 in) and the tarsus is 1.5 to 1.9 cm (0.59 to 0.75 in).[4]
Call[]
Its common name derives from its continuous, repetitive song that is often heard at night. This consist of a series of calls with a vibrating middle note between two shorter notes, not much shifting in pitch.[5] It is slower, lower-pitched and less piercing than the song of the whip-poor-will. Alternative names include "Chuckwuts-widow" and "Chip-fell-out-of-a-oak."[6]
Diet[]
It eats primarily insects, particularly those active at night such as moths, beetles, and winged ants. It will also eat small birds and bats, swallowing them whole.[7][8]
Breeding[]
Females lay eggs on patches of dead leaves on the ground. The eggs, which are pink with spots of brown and lavender, are subsequently incubated by the female.
Gallery[]
Eggs on leaves
Camouflaged female on nest
Mimicking a Cottonmouth snake
Perched on a branch
Perched on a branch
Adult male (upper right) and female (lower left)
South Padre Island - Texas
Notes[]
- ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Antrostomus carolinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- ^ For example, Henninger (1906) combines the old scientific name of C. carolinensis with the common name "Whip-poor-will". As C. carolinensis does not occur in the area discussed, he obviously refers to C. vociferus. In other cases, the specific identity of birds may not be determinable.
- ^ Chuck Wills Widow. All About Birds. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
- ^ Holyoak, D.T. (2001): Nightjars and their Allies: the Caprimulgiformes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York. ISBN 0-19-854987-3.
- ^ "Call recording".
- ^ Cleere, Nigel (2010). "Appendix 2 – Alternative English Names". Nightjars, Potoos, Frogmouths, Oilbird and Owlet-nightjars of the World. Old Basing: WILDGuides. pp. 443–447. ISBN 978-1-903657-07-2.
- ^ Owre, Oscar (September 1967). "Predation by the Chuck-will's-widow upon migrating warblers" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 79 (3): 342.
- ^ Thayer, Gerald H (1899). "The Chuck-will's-widow on Shipboard" (PDF). The Auk. 16 (3): 273–276. doi:10.2307/4069463. JSTOR 4069463.
References[]
- Henninger, W.F. (1906). "A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio" (PDF). Wilson Bulletin. 18 (2): 47–60.
- Stager, Kenneth E. (2007): Chuck-Will's-Widow. In: Encyclopedia Americana.
External links[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caprimulgus carolinensis. |
Wikispecies has information related to Caprimulgus carolinensis. |
- audubon.org
- Chuck-will's-widow – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- Chuck-will's-widow Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- Chuck-will's-widow Bird Sound
- IUCN Red List near threatened species
- Antrostomus
- Nightjars
- Birds of the United States
- Birds of Hispaniola
- Birds of the Dominican Republic
- Birds of North America
- Birds described in 1789
- Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin