Climbing salamander

Climbing salamanders
	Aneides lugubris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Urodela
Family:	Plethodontidae
Subfamily:	Plethodontinae
Genus:	Aneides; Baird, 1851
Subgenera
	Aneides Baird, 1851; Castaneides et al., 2019;
Synonyms
	Anaides Baird, 1851; Autodax Boulenger, 1887;

Climbing salamanders is the common name for plethodontid (lungless) salamanders of the genus Aneides.^[1] As this name suggests, most of these species have prehensile tails and are as mobile up a tree as in a stream.

Taxonomy[]

The green salamander (A. aeneus) and the Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander (A. caryaensis) are now considered to belong to their own subgenus Castaneides, which diverged from the Aneides hardii lineage between 27.2 and 32.3 million years ago, during the Oligocene. Castaneides contains significant cryptic diversity and may contain more as-of-yet undescribed species.^[2] All other western Aneides including A. hardii are considered Aneides sensu stricto, and belong to the subgenus of the same name.^[3]

Distribution[]

All ten known species in this genus inhabit mountain ecosystems in North America, and all but three are found primarily in the mountains of the west coast of the United States, Baja California and British Columbia. Of the three non-western species, the Sacramento Mountain salamander (A. hardii) is endemic to a mountainous region in New Mexico, while the two currently-described Castaneides species are endemic to the Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States.^[2]

Species[]

Ten species in two subgenera are currently assigned to this genus:^[1]^[3]

Subgenus	Binomial Name and Author	Common Name
Castaneides ( et al., 2019)	Aneides aeneus (Cope & Packard, 1881)	green salamander
Castaneides ( et al., 2019)	Aneides caryaensis et al., 2019^[2]	Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander
Aneides (Baird, 1851)	Aneides ferreus Cope, 1869	clouded salamander
	Aneides flavipunctatus (Strauch, 1870)	black salamander
	Aneides hardii (Taylor, 1941)	Sacramento Mountain salamander
	(Cope, 1883)	Shasta black salamander
	& Wake, 2019	Klamath black salamander
	Aneides lugubris (Hallowell, 1849)	arboreal salamander
	Myers & , 1948	Santa Cruz black salamander
	Aneides vagrans Wake & , 1999	wandering salamander

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Aneides.

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Aneides Baird, 1851". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Patton, Austin; Apodaca, Joseph J.; Corser, Jeffrey D.; Wilson, Christopher R.; Williams, Lori A.; Cameron, Alan D.; Wake, David B. (December 2019). "A New Green Salamander in the Southern Appalachians: Evolutionary History of Aneides aeneus and Implications for Management and Conservation with the Description of a Cryptic Microendemic Species". Copeia. 107 (4): 748–763. doi:10.1643/CH-18-052. ISSN 0045-8511.
^ ^a ^b "Plethodontidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.

External links[]

Caudata Culture Species Database - Plethodontidae

This lungless salamander article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .

[Frost-1] Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Aneides Baird, 1851". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 10 July 2017.

[Patton-2] Patton, Austin; Apodaca, Joseph J.; Corser, Jeffrey D.; Wilson, Christopher R.; Williams, Lori A.; Cameron, Alan D.; Wake, David B. (December 2019). "A New Green Salamander in the Southern Appalachians: Evolutionary History of Aneides aeneus and Implications for Management and Conservation with the Description of a Cryptic Microendemic Species". Copeia. 107 (4): 748–763. doi:10.1643/CH-18-052. ISSN 0045-8511.

[AmphibiaWeb-3] "Plethodontidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.

[1]

[2]

[3]