Cocoseae

Cocoseae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Arecales
Family:	Arecaceae
Subfamily:	Arecoideae
Tribe:	Cocoseae; Mart. ex Dumort.
Genera
	See text

Cocoseae is a tribe of cocosoid palms of the family Arecaceae.^[1]^[2]

Description[]

The fruit of the Cocoseae is a modified drupe, with a sclerenchymatous epicarp and a highly developed mesocarp, formed mainly by parenchyma . The endocarp is generally sclerenchymatous and protects the seeds from predation and drying. The most obvious synapomorphy of the species of this tribe is the presence, in the endocarp, of three or more "eyes" or pores of germination.^[3]

Distribution[]

The Cocoseae are distributed mainly in the Neotropical regions, with two genera endemic to Africa (Jubaeopsis and Elaeis) and Madagascar ( Beccariophoenix and Voanioala ), respectively.

Systematics[]

The Cocoseae in the sense of Dransfield et al. (2008) are identified as natural relatives (Monophylum) in most studies. Their systematic position within the Arecoideae is still unclear. Different studies see them as a sister group of the Reinhardtieae, as a sister group of the group from Reinhardtieae and Roystoneeae, or as a sister group of the Oranieae.

The Tribe is divided into three sub-tribes. All three are monophyletic. Bactridinae and Elaeidinae are sister groups

Genera[]

Subtribe	Genus	Extant species
Beccariophoenicinae J.Dransf. & Uhl	Beccariophoenix Jum. & H.Perrier	Beccariophoenix alfredii Rakotoarin., Ranariv. & J.Dransf. (High plateau coconut palm) Beccariophoenix madagascariensis Jum. & H.Perrier (Coastal beccariophoenix) Beccariophoenix fenestralis J. Dransfield & M. Rakotoarinivo (Giant windowpane palm)
Butiinae Saakov	Allagoptera Nees	Allagoptera arenaria ( [pt]) Kuntze (1891) (1993) (Mart.) Kuntze (1891) Allagoptera caudescens (Mart.) Kuntze (1891)(Buri palm) (Drude) Kuntze (1891)
	Butia (Becc.) Becc (Jelly palms)	Butia archeri (Glassman) Glassman Butia arenicola (Barb.Rodr.) Burret Butia campicola (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. Butia catarinensis Noblick & Lorenzi Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc. (Woolly butia palm) Deble & Marchiori Noblick Butia lallemantii Deble & Marchiori Noblick (Burret) Noblick Noblick Butia matogrossensis Noblick & Lorenzi Butia microspadix Burret Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick (South American jelly palm) Butia paraguayensis (Barb.Rodr.) L.H.Bailey (Dwarf yatay palm) Butia pubispatha Noblick & Lorenzi Butia purpurascens Glassman K.Soares & S. Longhi Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc.
	Jubaea Kunth	Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill. (Chilean wine palm)
	Jubaeopsis Becc.	Jubaeopsis caffra Becc. (Pondoland palm)
	Cocos L.	Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut)
	Syagrus Mart.	Noblick & Lorenzi (Jacq.) Mart. (Overtop palm) Noblick & Lorenzi Syagrus botryophora (Mart.) Mart. Noblick & Lorenzi (Mart.) Bomhard (Barb.Rodr.) Becc. Glassman Syagrus cearensis Noblick Noblick & Lorenzi Mart. (Mart.) Mart. Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. (Licuri palm) Noblick & Lorenzi Glassman Noblick (Mart.) Becc. Syagrus glaucescens Glaz. ex Becc. (Dammer) Becc. Noblick & Lorenzi (Drude) Becc. Glassman (Spruce) Becc. Noblick & Lorenzi Noblick & Lorenzi (Barb.Rodr.) Becc. Glassman Noblick & Lorenzi Syagrus macrocarpa Barb.Rodr. Glassman Burret Noblick & Lorenzi Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc. (Spruce) Burret (Mart.) Becc. Syagrus picrophylla Barb.Rodr. Noblick Burret Noblick & Lorenzi K. Soares & R. Pimenta Noblick & Lorenzi Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Queen palm) Syagrus rupicola Noblick & Lorenzi Syagrus ruschiana (Bondar) Glassman Syagrus sancona (Kunth) H. Karst. K. Soares & C.A. Guim. (Mart.) Glassman (Arikury palm) Syagrus smithii (H.E.Moore) Glassman Burret Syagrus stratincola Wess.Boer (Bondar) A.D. Hawkes Noblick Syagrus weddelliana (H. Wendl.) Becc. Burret M. Moraes
	Lytocaryum Toledo	(Burret) Toledo (Rob.) Toledo Noblick & Lorenzi Lytocaryum weddellianum (H.Wendl.) Toledo
	Parajubaea Burret	Parajubaea cocoides Burret Parajubaea sunkha M.Moraes Parajubaea torallyi (Mart.) Burret
	Voanioala J. Dransf.	Voanioala gerardii J. Dransf. (Forest coconut)
Attaleinae Drude	Attalea Kunth	List of Attalea species
Elaeidinae Hook.f.	Barcella (Trail) Trail ex Drude	Barcella odora(Trail) Drude
Elaeidinae Hook.f.	Elaeis Jacq.	Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (African oil palm) Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) (American oil palm)
Bactridinae Drude	Acrocomia Mart.	Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex R.Keith Acrocomia crispa (Kunth) C. Baker ex. Becc. (Toledo) Lorenzi Lorenzi Acrocomia hassleri (Barb.Rodr.) Drude Acrocomia media O.F.Cook Mart.
	Aiphanes Willd.	Aiphanes acanthophylla (Mart.) Burret Aiphanes acaulis Galeano & R.Bernal Aiphanes bicornis Cerón & R.Bernal R.Bernal & Borchs. Aiphanes chiribogensis Borchs. & Balslev Aiphanes deltoidea Burret Aiphanes duquei Burret Aiphanes eggersii Burret (H.Karst.) H.Wendl. H.E.Moore Galeano & R.Bernal Aiphanes grandis Borchs. & Balslev Aiphanes hirsuta Burret Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret Aiphanes leiostachys Burret Aiphanes lindeniana (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. Aiphanes linearis Burret Burret Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret R.Bernal & Borchs. Burret R.Bernal Burret Borchs. & R.Bernal S.M.Niño Borchs., M.Ruíz & Bernal Aiphanes ulei (Dammer) Burret Aiphanes verrucosa Borchs. & Balslev Burret
	Astrocaryum G.Mey.	Mart. Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Burret Astrocaryum aculeatum G.Mey. Astrocaryum alatum Loomis Mart. F.Kahn & B.Millán Astrocaryum chambira Burret Mart. F.Kahn & B.Millán H.Wendl. ex Burret Astrocaryum faranae F.Kahn & E.Ferreira Barb.Rodr. Astrocaryum ferrugineum F.Kahn & B.Millán Barb.Rodr. F.Kahn & B.Millán Mart. Mart. Dammer ex Burret Astrocaryum jauari Mart. (Trail) Drude Burret H.Karst. Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm. ex Mart. Astrocaryum minus Trail Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. Mart. F.Kahn & B.Millán Trail (Miq.) Pulle F.Kahn & B.Millán Barb.Rodr. Astrocaryum standleyanum L.H.Bailey Astrocaryum triandrum Galeano-Garces, R.Bernal & F.Kahn Burret Astrocaryum urostachys Burret Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.
	Atitara (Trail) Trail ex Drude
	Bactris Jacq. ex Scop.	Mart. Barb.Rodr. Cascante Trail Karw. ex Mart. Noblick ex A.J.Hend. Spruce L.H.Bailey Spruce Mart. Mart. Bactris campestris Poepp. Mart. H.Wendl. ex Burret de Nevers, A.J.Hend. & Grayum A.J.Hend. Bactris coloniata L.H.Bailey L.H.Bailey Mart. Bactris constanciae Barb.Rodr. H.Karst. Bactris cubensis Burret Mart. Burret Bactris elegans Barb.Rodr. & Trail Mart. Burret Mart. Bactris gasipaes Kunth Barb.Rodr. Oerst. Med.-Costa & Noblick ex A.J.Hend. Drude Burret de Nevers & A.J.Hend. (L.) H.E.Moore A.J.Hend. Noblick ex A.J.Hend. Cascante Mart. Standl. Noblick ex A.J.Hend. Bactris jamaicana L.H.Bailey Burret de Nevers & Grayum Bactris longiseta H.Wendl. ex Burret Mart. Bactris major Jacq. Mart. A.J.Hend. Mart. H.E.Moore Bactris nancibaensis Granv. Barb.Rodr. Burret de Nevers & Grayum Bactris pickelii Burret H.Karst. Granv. & A.J.Hend. Bactris plumeriana Mart. Grayum Steyerm. Wess.Boer Mart. Galeano & R.Bernal (L.H.Bailey) Glassman Bactris setiflora Burret Mart. Bactris setulosa H.Karst. Bactris simplicifrons Mart. Noblick ex A.J.Hend. Trail Barb.Rodr. & Trail A.J.Hend. H.Q.B.Fern. Mart. Barb.Rodr. Barb.Rodr.
	Desmoncus (Trail) Trail ex Drude	Liebm. ex Mart. A.H.Gentry & Zardini (Kuntze) Burret A.J.Hend. Splitg. ex Mart. A.J.Hend. de Nevers ex A.J.Hend. Burret Drude A.J.Hend. A.J.Hend. Mart. A.J.Hend. Dugand. A.J.Hend. Desmoncus orthacanthos Mart. A.J.Hend. L.H.Bailey Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart. Poepp. ex Mart. Trail. Mart. Grayum & Nevers L.H.Bailey

References[]

^ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.
^ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.
^ Gunn BF (Feb 2004). "The Phylogeny of the Cocoeae (Arecaceae) with Emphasis on Cocos nucifera". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 91 (3): 505–522. ISSN 0026-6493.

External links[]

Media related to Cocoseae at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Cocoseae at Wikispecies

[BeyondGP2-1] Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.

[GP2008-2] Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.

[GunnBF-3] Gunn BF (Feb 2004). "The Phylogeny of the Cocoeae (Arecaceae) with Emphasis on Cocos nucifera". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 91 (3): 505–522. ISSN 0026-6493.

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