Coelogyne

Coelogyne
	Coelogyne cristata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Tribe:	Arethuseae
Subtribe:	Coelogyninae
Genus:	Coelogyne; Lindl. 1821
Species
	See text.

Coelogyne is a genus of over 200 sympodial epiphytes from the family Orchidaceae, distributed across India, China, Indonesia and the Fiji islands, with the main centers in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. They can be found from tropical lowland forests to montane rainforests. A few species grow as terrestrials or even as lithophytes in open, humid habitats. The genera Bolborchis Lindl., Hologyne Pfitzer and Ptychogyne Pfitzer are generally included here. The genus is abbreviated Coel. in trade journals.

Name[]

The name Coelogyne was first published as Caelogyne in 1921 by John Lindley.^[1] and is derived from the Ancient Greek words κοῖλος (koîlos, hollow) and γῠνή (gunḗ, woman), referring to the concave stigma.

A few species are commonly known as "necklace orchids", because of their long, pendant, multi-flowered inflorescence.

Description[]

This genus lacks the saccate base of the labellum, a typical characteristic which is present in the other genera in the subtribe Coelogyninae. The free lip has high lateral lobes along the basal part of the labellum (hypochile) and smooth, toothed or warty keels.

The pseudobulbs of one internode vary in size. They may be closely or widely spaced through sympodial growth along the rhizome.

Inflorescences often show a small to very large number of showy, medium-sized to large flowers. They may arise either from the apex of the newly completed pseudobulb at the end of the growing season (as in Coelogyne fimbriata), or may precede the new growth in early spring (as in Coelogyne cristata). The typical colour range of this genus is white, through tawny brown to green, and occasionally peachy tones. All species have four pollinia.

They have often a sweet scent, attracting different kinds of pollinators, such as bees, wasps and beetles.

Distribution[]

The cooler growing species such as Coelogyne fimbriata, Coelogyne ovalis, Colegyne fuliginosa, Coelogyne cristata, Coelogyne flaccida, Coelogyne nitida originate in the Himalayan region of India and southeast Asia.

Taxonomy[]

The traditional taxonomy of the genus Coelogyne is still disputed. Coelogyne has been subdivided in 23 sections or subgenera by De Vogel (1994) and Clayton. Molecular data show that Coelogyne is paraphyletic and should be reorganised. It should include the genera Neogyna and Pholidota, and several sections should be removed, including Cyathogyne, Tomentosae, Rigidiformes, Veitchiae and Verrucosae. This new genus Coelogyne should then contain about 160 species.^[2]

The type species is Coelogyne cristata.

Species[]

Coelogyne pandurata

The database IPNI gives 415 entries for this genus, but a large number are invalid or have become synonyms. These are not mentioned in the following traditional list.

de Vogel
J.J.Sm.
Rolfe
Hook.f.
Lindl.
Linden & Rchb.f.
Coelogyne barbata Lindl. ex Griff.
Rchb.f.
J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne bilamellata Lindl.
Rolfe
J.J.Sm.
Rchb.f.
Lindl.
de Vogel
J.J.Sm.
J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne calcicola Kerr
Schltr.
Ames
Rolfe.
J.J.Sm.
Gravend. & de Vogel
Schltr.
Rchb.f.
Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
- Coelogyne clemensii var. angustifolia Carr
- Coelogyne clemensii var. clemensii
- Coelogyne clemensii var. longiscapa Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Ridl.
Ames.
J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl.
J.J.Sm.
Carr
Coelogyne cristata Lindl.
Coelogyne cumingii Lindl.
H.Wendl. & Kraenzl.
- Coelogyne cuprea var. cuprea
- Coelogyne cuprea var. planiscapa J.J.Wood & C.L.Chan
Gagnep
J.J.Sm.
Carr.
Gagnep
C.Schweinf.
de Vogel
Ames.
J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne exalata Ridl.
Gagnep.
Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl.
Coelogyne flaccida Lindl.
Rolfe.
Rchb.f..
Schltr.
Schltr.
Coelogyne fuerstenbergiana Schltr.
Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl.
- Coelogyne fuscescens var. brunnea (Lindl.) Lindl..
- Coelogyne fuscescens var. fuscescens
- Coelogyne fuscescens var. integrilabia Pfitzer in H.G.A.Engler (ed.).
Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
T.K.Paul, S.K.Basu & M.C.Biswas
J.J.Sm.
Lindl.
- Coelogyne glandulosa var. bournei S.Das & S.K.Jain
- Coelogyne glandulosa var. glandulosa
- Coelogyne glandulosa var. sathyanarayanae S.Das & S.K.Jain
H.Li ex S.C.Chen.
Hook.f.
Ames
Phukan.
J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne hirtella J.J.Sm.
S.Das & S.K.Jain.
P.F.Hunt & Summerh.
Rchb.f.
J.J.Sm.
(Blume) Lindl.
- Coelogyne incrassata var. incrassata
- Coelogyne incrassata var. sumatrana J.J.Sm.
- Coelogyne incrassata var. valida J.J.Sm.
Ames
Schltr.
P.Taylor
P.J.Cribb.
J.J.Sm.
J.J.Sm..
Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
J.J.Sm.
Vogel
Coelogyne lawrenceana Rolfe
Coelogyne lentiginosa Lindl.
W.W.Sm.
Aver.
Rolfe
Aver.
Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
(Blume) Lindl.
Lindl.
Ames
J.J.Wood & C.L.Chan
F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
J.J.Sm..
Z.H.Tsi
Rchb.f.
e S.E.C.Sierra
Coelogyne mayeriana Rchb.f.
Ames
Lindl.
Coelogyne miniata (Blume) Lindl.
Carr
J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne mooreana Rolfe
Rolfe
Rolfe ex J.J.Wood, D.A.Clayton & C.L.Chan
J.J.Sm.
Schltr.
J.J.Wood
J.J.Sm.
A.Rich.
Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex D.Don) Lindl.
Carr
Hook.f.
- Coelogyne occultata var. occultata
- Coelogyne occultata var. uniflora N.P.Balakr.
Schltr.
Lindl.
Coelogyne ovalis Lindl.
Ames
Coelogyne pandurata Lindl. : Black Orchid
Ridl. ex Stapf.
Coelogyne parishii Hook.f.
Rchb.f.
H.J.Chowdhery
Summerh. ex Perry
J.J.Sm.
Schltr.
Coelogyne planiscapa Carr.
- Coelogyne planiscapa var. grandis Carr.
- Coelogyne planiscapa var. planiscapa
Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
Ridl.
Lindl.
Coelogyne pulchella Rolfe.
Teijsm. & Binn.
Lindl.
- Coelogyne punctulata f. brevifolia (Lindl.) S.Das & S.K.Jain
- Coelogyne punctulata f. punctulata
Gagnep.
Ames
Ridl.
Coelogyne radioferens Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
S.K.Jain & S.Das.
Ames & Quisumb.
Gravend. & de Vogel.
Schltr.
C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
Ames & C.Schweinf.
Coelogyne rochussenii de Vriese
Coelogyne rumphii Lindl.
Carr.
Rchb.f.
Kraenzl. ex O'Brien
Rchb.f.
Rchb.f. & K.Koch.
S.K.Jain & S.Das.
J.J.Sm.
Rchb.f.
Coelogyne speciosa (Blume) Lindl.
- Coelogyne speciosa subsp. fimbriata (J.J.Sm.) Gravend.
- Coelogyne speciosa subsp. incarnata Gravend.
- Coelogyne speciosa subsp. speciosa
J.J.Sm.
J.J.Sm.
Schltr.
Hook.f.
(D.Don) Schltr.
Coelogyne suaveolens (Lindl.) Hook.f.
P.J.Cribb & B.A.Lewis
Rolfe
Seidenf.
Carr.
Rolfe
Lindl.
Coelogyne tiomanensis M.R.Hend.
Coelogyne tomentosa Lindl. : Necklace Orchid
Gravend. & P.O'Byrne
J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne trinervis Lindl.
Rchb.f.
P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
J.J.Sm.
J.J.Sm.
Coelogyne usitana Roeth & O.Gruss.
C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
Ames
Rolfe
de Vogel
Rolfe
Coelogyne vermicularis J.J.Sm.
S.E.C.Sierra
Coelogyne virescens Rolfe
Coelogyne viscosa Rchb.f.
X.H.Jin (2005)
Coelogyne xyrekes Ridl.
Schuit. & de Vogel
S.C.Chen & K.Y.Lang
Carr

Hybrids[]

Coelogyne hybrids include:

Coelogyne Memoria W. Micholitz (C. mooreana × C. lawrenceana)
Coelogyne Linda Buckley (C. mooreana × C. cristata)
Coelogyne Burfordiense (C. pandurata × C. asperata).
Coelogyne South Carolina (C. pandurata × C. burfordiense), sometimes called "the black orchid" because of the black coloration of the heavily patterned and structured lip.

Cultivation[]

The wide distribution of this genus has resulted in a wide variety of temperature requirements from species to species, some requiring cool to cold conditions to grow and bloom reliably, while others need decidedly warmer temperatures to achieve the same.

The orchids in this genus require a decided rest period during winter in which they receive no feed, very little water (enough to prevent pseudobulbs shrivelling), cool to cold temperatures and high light. These conditions seem to aid flowering in spring for some growers, though others report that more constant conditions can also produce regular flowering.

References[]

^ Lindley, J. 1821. Collectanea Botanica, ad pl. 33 and pl. 37
^ Gravendeel, B. (2000). Reorganising the orchid genus Coelogyne: A phylogenetic classification based on morphology and molecules. Nationaal Herbarium Nederland.