Columnea

Columnea
	Columnea crassifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Gesneriaceae
Genus:	Columnea; L.
Species
	About 200, see text
Synonyms
	Dalbergaria; Pentadenia; Trichantha; and see text

Columnea is a genus of ca. 200 species of epiphytic herbs and shrubs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae, native to tropical America and the Caribbean. The tubular or oddly shaped flowers are usually large and brightly colored – usually red, yellow, or orange – sometimes resembling a fish in shape. A common name is flying goldfish plants (see also the related Nematanthus) due to the unusual flower shape.

The generic name Columnea was named by Carl Linnaeus after the Latinized spelling of the name of the 16th-century Italian botanist Fabio Colonna (Latin: Fabius Columnus).^[1]^[2]

The segregate genus is considered by many botanists a synonym of Columnea. A full list of the species now accepted in the genus, along with their synonyms, can be found at the World Checklist of Gesneriaceae.

Cultivation[]

Columnea species grow as epiphytic plants in the wild and require bright light, good air circulation, and a well-drained growing medium that is allowed to dry out slightly between waterings. They are very tolerant of underpotting and seem to bloom best when potbound. Most are tropical plants and are easy to grow under indoor or greenhouse conditions but some species come from high altitudes and require cooler temperatures to grow well or bloom. Many of the species are seasonal bloomers, but hybrids and cultivars can be more or less continuously blooming.

The hybrid Columnea × banksii has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[3]

Species[]

Columnea consanguinea foliage

Columnea flexiflora inflorescence

Columnea glabra habitus

Columnea hirta habitus

Columnea microphylla flowers

Columnea purpurata habitus

Columnea orientandina fruit

The species classified under Columnea include the following:^[4]

L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
(C.V. Morton) C.V. Morton
C.V. Morton
(Urb.) B.D. Morley
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
DC.
(Wiehler) J.F. Sm.
Griseb.
C.V. Morton
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog
Wiehler
Warsz., nom. nud.
Seem.
Beurl.
J.L. Clark & M. Amaya
(Wiehler) B.D. Morley
Urb.
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Donn. Sm.
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
Wiehler
L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
L.E. Skog
Donn. Sm.
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Columnea consanguinea Hanst.
M. Amaya, L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
M. Amaya, L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
C.V. Morton
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Columnea crassifolia Brongn. ex Lem.
B.D. Morley
L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
Donn. Sm.
Mansf.
(Benth.) Kuntze
C.V. Morton
Columnea domingensis (Urb.) B.D. Morley
Wiehler
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Mansf.
Decne. ex Houll.
Hanst.
Mansf.
(Urb.) C.V. Morton
M. Amaya
L.E. Skog
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
Oliver
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Seem.
Martens & Galeotti
Columnea flexiflora L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
C.V. Morton
(C.V. Morton) C.V. Morton
(Rusby) J.F. Sm.
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Wiehler
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Columnea glabra Oerst.
Wiehler
Columnea gloriosa Sprague
Rusby
Kuntze
Sprague
C.V. Morton
Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl.
(Urb.) Britton ex C.V. Morton
Mansf.
Wiehler
Swartz, non Auct.
C.V. Morton
Columnea hirta Klotzsch & Hanst.
Swartz
(Wiehler) J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog
H.E. Moore
Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl.
C.V. Morton
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Cuatrec.
Masters
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
Regel
Raymond
H. Karst.
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
(Seem.) Kuntze
Kriebel
Mansf.
Hanst.
Columnea linearis Oerst.
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Mansf.
J.L. Clark
C.V. Morton
Klotzsch ex Oerst.
(Wiehler) J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
B.D. Morley
Columnea microcalyx Hanst.
Columnea microphylla Klotzsch & Hanst. ex Oerst.
Columnea minor (Hook.) Hanst.
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
B.D. Morley
Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl.
C.V. Morton
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
(Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst.
Oerst.
Rusby
(Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst.
Klotzsch ex Oerst.
Columnea orientandina (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Hanst.
Rusby
C.V. Morton
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
C.V. Morton
C.V. Morton
M. Amaya, L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
(Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst.
C.V. Morton
Zahlbr.
H. Karst.
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Hanst.
Stearn
(Griseb.) Kuntze
C.V. Morton
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
Columnea purpurata Hanst.
(Wiehler) B.D. Morley
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Standl.
J.L. Clark & J.F. Sm.
Columnea querceti Oerst.
M. Amaya, L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
C.V. Morton
(Hook.) Hanst.
M. Amaya, L.E. Skog, C.E. González, & J.F. Sm.
(Wiehler) J.F. Sm.
Regel
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
(C.V. Morton) C.V. Morton
(C.V. Morton) C.V. Morton
C.V. Morton
(Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
Columnea rubricaulis Standl.
C.V. Morton
Swartz
(Pers.) Hanst.
Columnea sanguinolenta (Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst.
L.
Schlechtend.
Mansf.
B.D. Morley
Suess.
(Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst.
C.V. Morton
Amaya M.
Mansf.
Benth.
C.V. Morton
J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog
L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
Donn. Sm.
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist
L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog
(Wiehler) B.D. Morley
Klotzsch ex Oerst.
Mansf.
Griseb.
C.V. Morton
Mansf.
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
Mansf.
J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog
W.T. Stearn
C.V. Morton
Mansf.
C.V. Morton
(Wiehler) L.E. Skog
J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog
Raymond

References[]

^ Anton Weber & Laurence E. Skog (July 13, 2007). "Columnea s.str. (sensu Wiehler 1983)". The Genera of Gesneriaceae. Basic information with illustration of selected species. Ed. 2. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ Stearn, W.T. (2004). Botanical Latin (4th ed). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 283. ISBN 9780881926279.
^ "Columnea × banksii". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
^ L.E. Skog & J.K. Boggan (2007). "World Checklist of Gesneriaceae". Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 13, 2012.

External links[]

Columnea^{[permanent dead link]} from The Genera of Gesneriaceae^{[permanent dead link]}
Columnea from The Gesneriad Reference Web
World Checklist of Gesneriaceae

[WEBER-1] Anton Weber & Laurence E. Skog (July 13, 2007). "Columnea s.str. (sensu Wiehler 1983)". The Genera of Gesneriaceae. Basic information with illustration of selected species. Ed. 2. Retrieved February 13, 2012.

[2] Stearn, W.T. (2004). Botanical Latin (4th ed). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 283. ISBN 9780881926279.

[3] "Columnea × banksii". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

[WCG-4] L.E. Skog & J.K. Boggan (2007). "World Checklist of Gesneriaceae". Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 13, 2012.

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Columnea

Columnea crassifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Gesneriaceae
Genus:	Columnea L.
Species
About 200, see text
Synonyms
Dalbergaria Pentadenia Trichantha and see text