Combativity award in the Tour de France

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Combativity award
Jersey red number.svg
SportRoad bicycle racing
CompetitionTour de France
Awarded forMost aggressive rider
Local nameLe Prix de la combativité  (French)
History
First award1952
Editions69 known (as of 2021)
First winner Wout Wagtmans (NED)
Most wins Eddy Merckx (BEL)
4 times
Most recent Franck Bonnamour (FRA)

The combativity award is a prize given in the Tour de France for the most combative rider overall during the race. Historically, it favored constant attackers as it was based on the distance spent in a breakaway, included winning checkpoints and outright stage wins. Today, the winner is chosen by a jury.[1] Besides the overall winner, the jury also awards a combativity award to the most aggressive rider at the end of each stage, with this rider allowed to wear a red bib the following race day.

The 1981 Tour de France marked the last time the winner of the general classification also won the combativity award.

History[]

Since 1952,[2] after every stage the most combative cyclist was given an award, and an overall competition was recorded.[3] At the end of the 1956 Tour de France, André Darrigade was named the most attacking cyclist.[4] At this point, the award was given the same importance as the award for the cyclist with the most bad luck, Picot in 1956.

In 1961, the award was not given to an individual cyclist, but to an entire team, the regional team West-South-West.

The system of the award has changed over the years. Historically, riders accumulated points, and the cyclist with the most points at the end of the Tour was declared the winner.[5] The cyclist did not have to finish the race, for example in 1971 Luis Ocaña crashed out while wearing the Yellow Jersey on the Col de Mente in stage 14 and in 1972 Cyrille Guimard was wearing the Green Jersey and in 2nd place overall when he withdrew, but both were still given the combativity award.

In 1979, the combativity award was initially given to Joop Zoetemelk;[6] he was later disqualified and Hennie Kuiper received the award.

In a system that was implemented in 2003, a jury of eight specialists in cycling selected the most combative cyclist of each stage (excluding time trials), with the classification for most distance in breakaway groups only part of the decision.[7]

There is no jersey for the most combative rider of the previous stage, but he can be recognized by the race number worn on his back: it consists of a white number on a red background instead of the usual black on white (since 1998).[7][8]

At the end of the Tour de France, a "super-combativity award" is given to the most combative cyclist of the race. As of 2017, the total prize money for the super-combativity award winner is €20,000.[9]

Winners[]

Overall super-combativity award winners since 1953.[10]

Year Country Rider Team
1953[11]  Netherlands Wout Wagtmans Netherlands
1954[12]  France Lucien Lazaridès (victory shared with François Mahé) France South-East
1954[12]  France François Mahé (victory shared with Lucien Lazaridès) France West
1955[13]  Luxembourg Charly Gaul Luxembourg/Mixed
1956  France André Darrigade France
1957  France Nicolas Barone France Île-de-France
1958  Spain Federico Bahamontes Spain
1959  France Gérard Saint France West South-West
1960  France Jean Graczyk France
1961  France Team award France West South-West
1962  Belgium Eddy Pauwels Wiel's–Groene Leeuw
1963  Belgium Rik Van Looy G.B.C.–Gramaglia
1964  France Henry Anglade Pelforth–Sauvage–Lejeune
1965  Italy Felice Gimondi Salvarani
1966  West Germany Rudi Altig Molteni
1967  France Désiré Letort France
1968  France Roger Pingeon France A
1969  Belgium Eddy Merckx Faema
1970  Belgium Eddy Merckx Faemino–Faema
1971  Spain Luis Ocaña Bic
1972  France Cyrille Guimard Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson
1973  Spain Luis Ocaña Bic
1974  Belgium Eddy Merckx Molteni
1975  Belgium Eddy Merckx Molteni–RYC
1976  France Raymond Delisle Peugeot–Esso–Michelin
1977  Netherlands Gerrie Knetemann TI–Raleigh
1978  Belgium Paul Wellens TI–Raleigh–McGregor
1979  Netherlands Hennie Kuiper TI–Raleigh–McGregor
1980  France Christian Levavasseur Miko–Mercier–Vivagel
1981  France Bernard Hinault Renault–Elf–Gitane
1982  France Régis Clère COOP–Mercier–Mavic
1983   Switzerland Serge Demierre Cilo–Aufina
1984  France Bernard Hinault La Vie Claire
1985  Netherlands Maarten Ducrot Lotto
1986  France Bernard Hinault La Vie Claire
1987  France Régis Clère Teka
1988  France Jérôme Simon Z–Peugeot
1989  France Laurent Fignon Super U–Raleigh–Fiat
1990  Spain Eduardo Chozas ONCE
1991  Italy Claudio Chiappucci Carrera Jeans–Tassoni
1992  Italy Claudio Chiappucci Carrera Jeans–Vagabond
1993  Italy Massimo Ghirotto ZG Mobili
1994  Italy Eros Poli Mercatone Uno–Medeghini
1995  Colombia Hernán Buenahora Kelme–Sureña
1996  France Richard Virenque Festina–Lotus
1997  France Richard Virenque Festina–Lotus
1998  France Jacky Durand Casino–Ag2r
1999  France Jacky Durand Lotto–Mobistar
2000  Netherlands Erik Dekker Rabobank
2001  France Laurent Jalabert CSC–Tiscali
2002  France Laurent Jalabert CSC–Tiscali
2003  Kazakhstan Alexander Vinokourov Team Telekom
2004  France Richard Virenque Quick-Step–Davitamon
2005  Spain Óscar Pereiro Phonak
2006  Spain David de la Fuente Saunier Duval–Prodir
2007  Spain Amets Txurruka Euskaltel–Euskadi
2008  France Sylvain Chavanel Cofidis
2009  Italy Franco Pellizotti[n 1] Liquigas
2010[citation needed]  France Sylvain Chavanel Quick-Step
2011[citation needed]  France Jérémy Roy FDJ
2012  Denmark Chris Anker Sørensen Saxo Bank–Tinkoff Bank
2013  France Christophe Riblon Ag2r–La Mondiale
2014[citation needed]  Italy Alessandro De Marchi Cannondale
2015  France Romain Bardet AG2R La Mondiale
2016  Slovakia Peter Sagan Tinkoff
2017  France Warren Barguil Team Sunweb
2018  Ireland Dan Martin UAE Team Emirates
2019  France Julian Alaphilippe Deceuninck–Quick-Step
2020   Switzerland Marc Hirschi Team Sunweb
2021  France Franck Bonnamour B&B Hotels p/b KTM

Notes[]

  1. ^ In March 2011, Franco Pellizotti's results were removed after the Court of Arbitration for Sport found his biological passport indicated irregular values. The classification standings were not altered.[14]

References[]

  1. ^ (PDF) (in French). pp. article 25f, p 13 https://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cycling_tdf/rules-reglement-tour-de-france-2019.pdf. Retrieved 4 August 2019. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ "Tour de France: An alternative view of the ultimate road race". The Independent. 6 July 2007. Archived from the original on April 3, 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
  3. ^ "Premies voor Van der Pluym en Stolker". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 14 July 1956. p. 11. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
  4. ^ "Klassementen". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 30 July 1956. p. 5. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
  5. ^ Eddy van der Mark. "Tour Xtra:Combativity Classification". CvccBike. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
  6. ^ "Zoetemelk strijdlustigste". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 23 July 1979. p. 13. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Règlement de l'Épreuve - Article 10: Maillots des leaders" (PDF) (in French). ASO. 17 July 2008. p. 61. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009. Par ailleurs, le coureur combatif sera identifié par deux dossards spécifiques avec chiffres blancs sur fond rouge.
  8. ^ Nick Brownlee (23 July 2013). Vive le Tour!: Wiggo, and the Amazing Tales of the Tour de France. Pavilion Books. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-909396-34-0.
  9. ^ Liste des Prix [Prize money] (PDF). Tour de France. Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. 2017. p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  10. ^ "Le Tour en chiffres" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. p. 126. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
  11. ^ "Nederlandse ploeg won in totaal f 70.000 aan prijzen en premies". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 27 July 1953. p. 5. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
  12. ^ "Bobet onbetwist winnaar van Tour de France". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 2 August 1954. p. 3. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
  13. ^ "Klassementen". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). 1 August 1955. p. 3. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
  14. ^ "Italian cyclist Franco Pellizotti found guilty of doping by Court of Arbitration for Sport". ESPN.com. 9 March 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
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