Contingency operation

Contingency operation
Contingency operation
United States Congress
Citation	10 U.S.C. § 101a
Territorial extent	United States of America
Enacted	2011
Commenced	January 3, 2012
Related legislation
	Authorization for Use of Military Force
	Status: In force

A contingency operation is a United States legal definition for a military operation involving United States Armed Forces, conducted in response to natural disasters, terrorists, subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect national interests.^[1] The designation is made by a finding by the discretion of the Secretary of Defense, and triggers the implementation of a variety of "wartime" plans and preparations throughout the federal government, and each of the military branches. Contingency operations are often referred to more specifically as overseas contingency operations, a term which is often substituted because there has not been a recent war on United States soil. The term's best known use is in the United States Congress' Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) funding, a discretionary budget appropriation and oft-described slush fund^[2]^[3] used originally for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but now used more broadly for other expenditures associated primarily with the War on Terror.^[4]

Legal definition[]

Per 10 USC 101 (a)(13), the term “contingency operation” means a military operation that—

(A) is designated by the Secretary of Defense as an operation in which members of the armed forces are or may become involved in

military actions,
operations, or
hostilities against an enemy of the United States or
against an opposing military force; or

(B) results in the call or order to, or retention on, active duty of members of the uniformed services under section 688, 12301(a), 12302, 12304, 12304a, 12305, or 12406 of this title, chapter 13 of this title, section 3713 of title 14, or any other provision of law during a war or during a national emergency declared by the President or Congress.^[5]^[6]

References[]

^ Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. Washington, DC: The Joint Staff. p. 47. OCLC 58924036.
^ Tolliver, Sandy (2021-05-21). "The Biden administration is poised to absorb the Pentagon's 'slush fund'". TheHill. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
^ "Overseas Contingency Operations: The Pentagon Slush Fund". National Priorities Project. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
^ Morgenstern, Emily M. (February 10, 2021). "Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding: Background and Current Status". Congressional Research Service (13 ed.). Archived from the original on 2021-07-17.
^ "Definition: contingency operation from 10 USC § 101(a)(13)". Cornell Legal Information Institute. Archived from the original on 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
^ "DPC | Contingency Contracting". www.acq.osd.mil. Retrieved 2021-07-17.

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[1] Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. Washington, DC: The Joint Staff. p. 47. OCLC 58924036.

[2] Tolliver, Sandy (2021-05-21). "The Biden administration is poised to absorb the Pentagon's 'slush fund'". TheHill. Retrieved 2021-07-17.

[3] "Overseas Contingency Operations: The Pentagon Slush Fund". National Priorities Project. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2021-07-17.

[4] Morgenstern, Emily M. (February 10, 2021). "Foreign Affairs Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) Funding: Background and Current Status". Congressional Research Service (13 ed.). Archived from the original on 2021-07-17.

[5] "Definition: contingency operation from 10 USC § 101(a)(13)". Cornell Legal Information Institute. Archived from the original on 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2021-07-17.

[6] "DPC | Contingency Contracting". www.acq.osd.mil. Retrieved 2021-07-17.

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