Cotesia glomerata

Cotesia glomerata
	Cotesia glomerata
	Cotesia glomerata on a pupal cocoon.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Braconidae
Genus:	Cotesia
Species:	C. glomerata
Binomial name
	Cotesia glomerata; (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
	Apanteles glomeratus ;

Cotesia glomerata, the white butterfly parasite, is a small parasitic wasp species belonging to family Braconidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 publication 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

Description[]

Cocoons of Cotesia species with the remains of a dead parasitized caterpillar

Larvae of Cotesia glomerata emerging from a caterpillar of a Pieris brassicae butterfly

The adults of Cotesia glomerata can reach a length of 3–7 millimetres (0.12–0.28 in). This small braconid wasp is black, with two pairs of wings. It can parasitize a wide range of Pieris butterfly species as host, but the large white (Pieris brassicae) and small white (Pieris rapae)) are the main hosts. The adults feed on nectar.^[2]

Life cycle[]

After hatching from the pupae, females mate almost immediately and begin laying eggs.^[3] The eggs are laid in the larvae of butterflies known as caterpillars, where the C. glomerata larvae develop; multiple eggs numbering between 16–52 are deposited in each caterpillar.^[4] After 15 to 20 days the larvae emerge, killing the parasitised caterpillar. These newly emerged larvae spin cocoons in a cluster on or nearby the host caterpillar; after 7 to 10 days the imago adult wasps hatch from these cocoons. Overall it takes between 22 and 30 days for an egg to develop to full adulthood.^[3]

Cotesia glomerata is in turn parasitized by the hyperparasite wasps Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis.^[5]

Distribution[]

This species is present in most of Europe, in the Afrotropical realm, the Australasian realm, the Nearctic realm, and the Neotropical realm.^[6]

References[]

^ " Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758)". BioLib. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
^ Laing, J.E.; Levin, D.B. (1982). "A review of the biology and a bibliography of Apanteles glomeratus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Biocontrol News and Information. 3 (1): 7–23. ISSN 0143-1404.
^ ^a ^b Cornell University College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Cotesia (=Apanteles) glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Archived 2015-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
^ Susan Mahr, University of Wisconsin Cotesia glomerata, Parasite of Imported Cabbageworm Archived 2018-10-12 at the Wayback Machine
^ Harvey, Jeffrey A. (2008-03-01). "Comparing and contrasting development and reproductive strategies in the pupal hyperparasitoids Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)". Evolutionary Ecology. 22 (2): 153–166. doi:10.1007/s10682-007-9164-x. ISSN 0269-7653.
^ "Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758)". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved 8 July 2020.

External links[]

"Wasps Emerge From Caterpillar". Parasitic Wasps: Alien on Earth. In the Womb: Extreme Animals. National Geographic. May 16, 2009.
Entomology

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[1] " Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758)". BioLib. Retrieved 8 July 2020.

[2] Laing, J.E.; Levin, D.B. (1982). "A review of the biology and a bibliography of Apanteles glomeratus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Biocontrol News and Information. 3 (1): 7–23. ISSN 0143-1404.

[cornell-3] Cornell University College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Cotesia (=Apanteles) glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Archived 2015-01-03 at the Wayback Machine

[4] Susan Mahr, University of Wisconsin Cotesia glomerata, Parasite of Imported Cabbageworm Archived 2018-10-12 at the Wayback Machine

[5] Harvey, Jeffrey A. (2008-03-01). "Comparing and contrasting development and reproductive strategies in the pupal hyperparasitoids Lysibia nana and Gelis agilis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)". Evolutionary Ecology. 22 (2): 153–166. doi:10.1007/s10682-007-9164-x. ISSN 0269-7653.

[6] "Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758)". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved 8 July 2020.

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