Crenellated guardhouse, 1846 model

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The crenellated guardhouses of the 1846 model (corps de garde crénelés modèle 1846) were gun-batteries built along the coast of France as the result of a standardisation of coastal-defence redoubts during the reign of Louis-Philippe of France. This standardisation came as an attempt to complete the defensive chain begun by Napoleon in 1811 with his model towers, left incomplete on his abdication in 1814. A mixed coastal armament commission set up in 1841 defined 3 types of work, known as crenellated guardhouses, crenellated towers and model-redoubt with defensive barracks.[1] Along with the construction of the battleship La Gloire, they represent part of a 20-year trend of French naval and coastal re-armament, to which the United Kingdom eventually responded by building its own steam battleship (Warrior) and its own coastal defence chain (the Palmerston Forts) during the 1860s.

The Crenellated guardhouse in Camaret-sur-Mer.

Crenellated guardhouses[]

Around 150 crenellated guardhouses were built.[2]

1[]

This sub-type accommodated 60 men and 12 cannons.

2[]

This sub-type could house 40 men and 8 cannons.

3[]

This sub-type could house 20 men and 4 cannons.

Crenellated towers[]

Square in plan, buildings of this size were slightly pyramidical in shape.

1[]

2[]

3[]

This sub-type housed 20 men and had two murder holes sticking out from either side. This sub-type's particular feature was its 4 levels (underground level, two levels of barracks, and a terrace on top).

Model redoubts with defensive barracks[]

The model-redoubt is a fort built over a defensive barracks. The barracks is vaulted and thus bomb-proof. Sub-type 1 housed 300 men, and sub-type 2 housed 200 men.

References[]

All in French unless otherwise noted.

  1. ^ Fortifications littorales : les réduits de batterie de côte modèle "1846" ou modifié modèle "1846–1861" et casernes défensives, sur l'inventaire général, http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA29002284 Archived 1 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, consulté le 16 juin 2011
  2. ^ "Index de la fortification francaise 1874 – 1914". Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  3. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Camaret-sur-Mer, Petit Gouin(le), Corps de garde crénelé n° 2 modifié, année "1859" et batteries haute (4 canons G de 95 mm en 1900) et basse". Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  4. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Crozon, Ile de l'Aber, Corps de garde crénelé n° 2 modifié, année "1862"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  5. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Crozon, Pointe de Morgat, Beg Ar Gador ou pointe du Kador, Corps de garde crénelé n° 2 modifié, année "1861"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
  6. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Crozon, Postofort, Postolonnec, Corps de garde crénelé n° 2 modifié, année "1860"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  7. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Le Conquet, Îlette de Kermorvan (l'), Corps de garde crénelé n° 2, année "1847"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  8. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Le Conquet, Pointe de Kermorvan, Corps de garde crénelé n° 2, année "1846"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  9. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Plougonvelin, Pointe Saint-Mathieu, Corps de garde crénelé n° 2, année "1854"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  10. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Ploumoguer, Pointe(la), Entre Brenterc'h et Illien, Corps de garde crénelé n° 2, année "1851"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  11. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Crozon, Morgat, Rulianec, Corps de garde crénelé n° 3, année "1861"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  12. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Ile-de-Batz, Pointe Sud-ouest, Corps de garde crénelé n° 3, année "1862"". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  13. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Le Conquet, Plage des Blancs Sablons, Nord, Corps de garde crénelé n° 3, année "1859"". Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  14. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Ouessant, Calgrac'h, Corps de garde crénelé n° 3, année "1862" et batterie". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  15. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Ouessant, Loqueltas, Corps de garde crénelé n° 3, année "1862" et batterie (rectangulaire)". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  16. ^ Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. "Roscanvel, Bourg, Corps de garde crénelé n° 3 et batterie". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
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