Croatian Armed Forces (Independent State of Croatia)

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Not to be confused with the modern-day Croatian Armed Forces.
Croatian Armed Forces
Hrvatske oružane snage
War flag of Croatia (1941–1945).svg
The war flag of the Independent State of Croatia.
Founded1944
Disbanded1945
Leadership
PoglavnikAnte Pavelić
Minister of the Armed Forces
Industry
Foreign suppliers Nazi Germany
Related articles
RanksMilitary ranks of the Independent State of Croatia

The Croatian Armed Forces were formed in 1944 with the uniting of the Croatian Home Guard (Domobrani) and the Ustaše militia in the Independent State of Croatia. It was established by the fascist regime of Ante Pavelić in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), an Axis puppet state in Yugoslavia during World War II.

The Croatian Armed Forces (Croatian: Hrvatske oružane snage, HOS) was reorganized in November 1944 to combine the units of the Ustaše and Domobrani into eighteen divisions, comprising 13 infantry, two mountain, two assault and one replacement Croatian divisions, each with its own organic artillery and other support units. There were also several armoured units, equipped in late 1944 with 20 Pz IIIN and 15 Pz IVF and H medium tanks.[1] From early 1945, the Croatian divisions were allocated to various German corps and by March 1945 were holding the Southern Front.[2] Securing the rear areas were some 32,000 men of the Croatian Gendarmerie (Hrvatsko Oružništvo), organised into 5 Police Volunteer Regiments plus 15 independent battalions, equipped with standard light infantry weapons, including mortars.[3]

By the end of March, 1945, it was obvious to the Army command that, although the front remained intact, they would eventually be defeated by sheer lack of ammunition.[4] For this reason, the decision was made to retreat across the border into the Austrian part of the Third Reich, in order to surrender to the British forces advancing north from Italy.[4]

Croatian Home Guard[]

Main article: Croatian Home Guard (Independent State of Croatia)

Ustaše Militia[]

Main article: Ustaše militia

Croatian Gendarmerie[]

The Croatian Gendarmerie (Hrvatsko Oružništvo) was formed on 30 April 1941 as rural police under Major-General Milan Miesler. By September 1943, there were 18,000 men in seven regional regiments. These were divided into 23 companies (one per county plus one for Zagreb).[5] The companies were subdivided into 142 district platoons, each with several posts. In early 1942, a three-battalion Combined Gendarmie Regiment, in July redesignated Petrinja Brigade, was established for anti-Partisan operations in Slavonia.[5] Twelve of the independent Police Volunteer Battalions formed the Croatian Gendarmerie Division in 1945.[6]

History[]

Organization[]

Marching order at end of 1944[]

  • 1. Poglavnik Bodyguard Division
  • 1. Croatian Assault Division
    • Commander: General Ante Moškov
    • Headquarters: Zagreb
  • 2. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: General Mirko Gregurić
    • Headquarters: Zagreb
  • 3. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: General Stjepan Mifek
    • Headquarters: Vinkovci
  • 4. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: General Antun Nardelli
    • Headquarters: Dvor na Uni
  • 5. Croatian Assault Division
  • 6. Croatian Infantry Division
  • 7. Croatian Mountain Division
    • Commander: General Stjepan Perčić
    • Headquarters: Nova Kapela, Batrina
  • 8. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: General Roman Domanik
    • Headquarters: Sarajevo
  • 9. Croatian Mountain Division
    • Commander: General Božidar Zorn
    • Headquarters: Mostar
  • 10. Croatian Infantry Division
  • 11. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: Colonel Juraj Rukavina
    • Headquarters: Gospić
  • 12. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: Colonel Slavko Cesarić
    • Headquarters: Brčko
  • 13. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: General Tomislav Rolf
    • Headquarters: Karlovac
  • 14. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: Colonel Jaroslav Šotola
    • Headquarters: Brod na Savi
  • 15. Croatian Infantry Division
    • Commander: General Zorko Čudina
    • Headquarters: Doboj
  • 16. Croatian Replacement Division
    • Commander: General Milivoj Durbešić
    • Headquarters: Zagreb
  • 18. Croatian Infantry Division

Fate of Commanders[]

Executed[]

Unclear[]

Emigrated[]

Committed suicide[]

Ranks and insignia[]

Main article: Ranks of the Independent State of Croatia Armed Forces

  • General pukovnik (Colonel General)

  • General poručnik (Lieutenant General)

  • General (General)

  • Pukovnik (Colonel)

  • Podpukovnik (Lieutenant Colonel)

  • Bojnik (Major)

  • Nadsatnik (Senior Captain)

  • Satnik (Captain)

  • Natporučnik (Lieutenant)

  • Poručnik (Second Lieutenant)

  • Zastavnik (Ensign)

  • Časnički namjesnik (Warrant Officer)

  • Stožerni stražnik (Staff Sergeant)

  • Stražnik (Sergeant)

  • Vodnik (Lance Sergeant)

  • Rojnik (Corporal)

  • Dorojnik (Lance Corporal)

  • Strielac (Private first class)

  • Vojnik (Private)

Notes[]

  1. ^ Zaloga, 2013, p.44
  2. ^ Thomas, 1995, p.17
  3. ^ Thomas, 1995, p.30
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Shaw, 1973, p.101
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Thomas, 1995, p.20
  6. ^ Thomas, 1983, p.22

References[]

Bibliography[]

  • Shaw, L., Trial by Slander: A background to the Independent State of Croatia, Harp Books, Canberra, 1973. ISBN 0-909432-00-7
  • Thomas, N., Abbott, P. and Chappell, M. Partisan Warfare 1941–45 Osprey, Oxford, 1983. ISBN 0-85045-513-8
  • Thomas, N., Mikulan, K. and Pavelic, D. Axis Forces in Yugoslavia 1941–45 Osprey, London, 1995. ISBN 1-85532-473-3
  • Zaloga, S.J., Tanks of Hitler's Eastern Allies 1941–45 Osprey, Oxford, 2013. ISBN 978-1-78096-022-7
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