Crossyne

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Crossyne
Crossyne guttata IMG 2410c.jpg
Young mature Crossyne guttata in leaf
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Subtribe: Strumariinae
Genus: Crossyne
Salisb.
Type species

(L.) D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies
Inflorescence of Crossyne guttata
Flowers of Crossyne guttata
Lorate immature leaves of Crossyne guttata

Crossyne is a genus of African plants in the Amaryllis family.[1]

Taxonomy and features[]

There are two known species, both of which are native to Cape Province in South Africa:[2][3]

Crossyne Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 116 (1866).[2]

  • (W.F.Barker ex Snijman) D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.
  • (L.) D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies, Feddes Repert. 105: 358 (1994)

After being included in the genus Boophone for many decades, Crossyne was raised to genus status in the 1990s, most conspicuously on the basis that:

  • Crossyne leaves undergo the following characteristic metamorphosis, the seedling starting from paired, small, lorate leaves growing more or less erect among competing low vegetation. From the age of some four to six years however, the bulbs become large enough to produce broad, flat, prostrate leaves that compete well for space by growing over small neighbours. In this they differ from Boophone species, that grow more erectly, with distichous leaves.
  • The leaf margins of Crossyne are completely fringed with straight short bristles, typically 1 cm or so in length, in one or more rows; Boophone leaves are completely glabrous.
  • In both genera the bulb commonly grows to a mass of well over a kilogram, but the bulbs of Crossyne do not extend above ground at all unless because of erosion or similar factors, whereas Boophone bulbs tend to project perhaps halfway above the ground, depending on circumstances.

General biology[]

If not disturbed, which in the wild they seldom are, being dangerously poisonous, the bulbs grow for decades at least. As the bulb grows larger it produces more leaves, some six or eight in a season when mature. The leaves grow in a radial arrangement around the top of the bulb, emerging from a flat slit. The leaves are a decorative dark green, coriaceous in texture and mottled or spotted beneath, especially near the base. The margins of the leaves of all ages are elegantly ciliate, being fringed with eyelash-like bristles. The plant is strictly deciduous and endemic to a mainly winter-rainfall, partly semi-arid, region; the leaves emerging near the time of the first rains, about when the plant sheds the infructescence. The leaves dry out, curl up somewhat and detach towards late springtime or mid-summer, leaving little sign of the whereabouts of the dormant, buried bulb. If torn, whether live or as yet undecayed, the leaves dried sap forms silky threads that in past times cattle herders used to apply to bleeding cuts as a styptic.

References[]

  1. ^ Salisbury, Richard Anthony. 1866. Genera of Plants 116.
  2. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; Retrieved 2017-03-03
  3. ^ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants, search for Crossyne
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