Cuzco Quechua language
| Cuzco Quechua | |
|---|---|
| Qosqo runasimi | |
| Native to | Peru |
Native speakers | (1.5 million cited 1989)[1] |
Quechuan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:quz – Cuscoqve – Eastern Apurímac |
| Glottolog | cusc1236 Cuscoeast2551 Eastern Apurímac |
| ELP | Cuzco Quechua |
Cuzco Quechua (Quechua: Qusqu qhichwa simi) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cuzco and the Cuzco Region of Peru.
It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cuzco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet.[2] On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has only three vowels.[3]
Phonology[]
There is debate about whether Cuzco Quechua has five /a, e, i, o, u/ or three vowels: /a, i, u/.[4]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | plain | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | q | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | t͡ʃʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ | ||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | x | χ | h | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
| Approximant | plain | j | w | ||||
| lateral | l | ʎ | |||||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||||
Grammar[]
Pronouns[5][]
| Cuzco Quechua | Northern Quechua | Ancash Quechua | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1º | noqa / ñoqa | ñuka | nuqa | I |
| 2º | qan | kan | qam | you |
| 3º | pay | pay | pay | he, she, it |
| 4º | noqanchis / ñoqanchis | ñukanchik (ñukapash kanpash) | nuqantsik | we (inclusive) |
| 5º | noqayku / ñoqayku | ñukanchik (shinapash mana kan/kikin) | nuqakuna | we (exclusive) |
| 6º | qankuna | qamkuna | qamkuna | you (plural) |
| 7º | paykuna | paykuna | paykuna | they |
Nouns[]
| Function | Suffix | Example | (translation) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| suffix indicating number | plural | -kuna | wasikuna | houses |
| possessive suffix | 1.person singular | -y | wasiy | my house |
| 2.person singular | -yki | wasiyki | your house | |
| 3.person singular | -n | wasin | his/her/its house | |
| 1.person plural (incl) | -nchis | wasinchis | our house (incl.) | |
| 1.person plural (excl) | -y-ku | wasiyku | our house (excl.) | |
| 2.person plural | -yki-chis | wasiykichis | your (pl.) house | |
| 3.person plural | -n-ku | wasinku | their house | |
| suffixes indicating case | nominative | – | wasi | the house (subj.) |
| accusative | -(k)ta | wasita | the house (obj.) | |
| instrumental | -wan | wasiwan | with the house, and the house | |
| abessive | -naq | wasinaq | without the house | |
| dative | -paq | wasipaq | to the house | |
| genitive | -q / -pa | wasiq | of the house | |
| causative | -rayku | wasirayku | because of the house | |
| benefactive | -paq | wasipaq | for the house | |
| locative | -pi | wasipi | at the house | |
| directional | -man | wasiman | towards the house | |
| -piwan, puwan | wasipiwan, wasipuwan | including the house | ||
| terminative | -kama, -yaq | wasikama, wasiyaq | up to the house | |
| transitive | -(rin)ta | wasinta | through the house | |
| ablative | -manta, -piqta | wasimanta, wasipiqta | off/from the house | |
| comitative | -(ni)ntin | wasintin | along with the house | |
| -raq | wasiraq | first the house | ||
| intrative | -pura | wasipura | among the houses | |
| -lla(n) | wasilla(n) | only the house | ||
| comparative | -naw, -hina | wasinaw, wasihina | like the house | |
Adjectives[]
Verbs[]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Cusco at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
Eastern Apurímac at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016) - ^ Nancy Hornberger & Kendall King, "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning" Language, Culture and Curriculum 11 3 (1998): 390 - 410. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=gse_pubs
- ^ Nonato Rufino Chuquimamani Valer. Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu-Qullaw Qhichwa Simipi Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (Quechua-Quechua-Spanish dictionary). Lima: Ministerio de Educación, 2005.
- ^ "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
- ^ "Personal pronouns in Quechua Cusco". Quechua Language. 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
External links[]
- Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa (Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur), Qosqo, Peru, 2006 (pdf 3,8 MB). Dictionary of the AMLQ: Cusco-Quechua - Spanish, Spanish - Cusco-Quechua.
- Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
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Categories:
- Languages of Peru
- Southern Quechua
- Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs