Dai-gensui

Dai-gensui
The Shōwa Emperor in the dress uniform of a grand marshal (c. 1935)

Dai-gensui (大元帥), formal rank designations: Dai-gensui-riku-kai-gun-taishō (大元帥陸海軍大将, Grand Marshal and Lord high admiral of the Japanese Empire) was the highest rank of the Greater Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy from the 1870s to 1945, when the Empire of Japan was dissolved. The rank was only ever held by the Emperor of Japan as commander-in-chief of the Empire's Armed Forces and, separately, the highest ranking officer in each of the Armed Services. The rank was equivalent to a generalissimo or general of the armies and admiralissimo or admiral of the navy, being a six-star rank senior to the rank of gensui ("marshal"). It formally became obsolete in 1947 when the Imperial Japanese armed forces were abolished.

History[]

The term originated in the Chinese military title da yuan shuai (大元帥), a title higher than yuan shuai (元帥, pronounced gensui in Japanese).

Decree No. 252 by the Dajokan, dated 7 September 1872 first made formal mention of the rank of dai-gensui; however, no appointments to the rank were made before the rank was abolished along with that of gensui on 8 May 1873. By "Draft Ordinance No. 142" of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (Chapter 1 Part 1) of 30 September 1889, the Emperor was officially given the rank of dai-gensui and installed as supreme commander of the Army and Navy.

The kanji characters also refer to a Buddhist deity, (大元帥明王), a Wisdom King worshipped by the Imperial Court since Emperor Ninmyō and by the Shingon sect, for its legendary miraculous power to quell foreign enemies and rebellions, just like a military leader.

Insignia[]

The insignia of a dai-gensui were identical to those of a full general, with the addition of the gold imperial chrysanthemum.

Grand Marshal of the Japanese Empire (Collar Insignia)

Grand Marshal of the Japanese Empire (Shoulder Insignia)

Lord high admiral of the Japanese Empire (Shoulder Insignia)

Lord high admiral of the Japanese Empire (Collar Insignia)

Lord high admiral of the Japanese Empire (Sleeve)

List of dai-gensui[]

The holders of this rank were:

See also[]

• Other pronunciations of the characters 大元帥
  • Da yuan shuai in Chinese
  • Taewonsu, the Korean equivalent
  • Đại nguyên soái, the Vietnamese equivalent
• The higher rank of gensui (元帥)
  • Yuan shuai, the original Chinese title
  • Wonsu, the Korean equivalent
  • Nguyên soái, the Vietnamese equivalent

References[]

• This article incorporates information from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia.
• Donald Keene, Emperor of Japan, Meiji and his World 1852–1912