Darriwilian

Darriwilian
Darriwilian
467.3 ± 1.1 – 458.4 ± 0.9 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Chronology
←	First land plant spores
←	Ordovician meteor event
	Subdivision of the Ordovician according to the ICS, as of 2021.; Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.;
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	FAD of the Graptolite
Lower boundary GSSP	Huangnitang Section, Huangnitang Village, Changshan, Zhejiang, China; 28°51′14″N 118°29′23″E / 28.8539°N 118.4897°E
GSSP ratified	1987
Upper boundary definition	FAD of the Graptolite
Upper boundary GSSP	Fågelsång section, Sularp Brook, Skåne, Sweden; 55°42′49″N 13°19′32″E / 55.7137°N 13.3255°E
GSSP ratified	2002

The Darriwilian is the upper stage of the Middle Ordovician. It is preceded by the Dapingian and succeeded by the Upper Ordovician Sandbian Stage. The lower boundary of the Darriwilian is defined as the first appearance of the graptolite species around 467.3 million years ago. It lasted for about 8.9 million years until the beginning of the Sandbian around 458.4 million years ago.^[7]

Naming[]

The name Darriwilian is derived from , a parish in County of Grant, Victoria (Australia). The name was proposed in 1899 by Thomas Sergeant Hall.^[8]

GSSP[]

Huangnitang Section

Map of China showing the GSSP location.

The GSSP of the Darriwilian is the (

28°51′14″N 118°29′23″E / 28.8539°N 118.4897°E) near the village Huangnitang, 3.5 km southwest of Changshan County Town (Zhejiang, China). It is an outcrop of the , consisting of mainly black shale. The lower boundary of the Darriwilian is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species in that section.^[9]

A Secondary fossil marker is the graptolite Arienigraptus zhejiangensis.^[9]

Biostratigraphy[]

The base of the Darriwilian is also the base of the graptolite zone. This zone lies just above the North Atlantic Microzarkodina parva conodont zone. The base also lies in the upper part of the North American Histiodella altifrons conodont zone.^[9]

The graptolite zone is known from outcrops around the world, making the base of the Darriwilian easily correlatable.^[10]

Regional stages[]

The Darriwilian overlaps with the upper Arenig and the Llanvirn.^[11] The base of the Darriwilian can be correlated with a level in the of the Arenig.^[9]

References[]

^ Wellman, C.H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 355 (1398): 717–732. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
^ Korochantseva, Ekaterina; Trieloff, Mario; Lorenz, Cyrill; Buykin, Alexey; Ivanova, Marina; Schwarz, Winfried; Hopp, Jens; Jessberger, Elmar (2007). "L-chondrite asteroid breakup tied to Ordovician meteorite shower by multiple isochron 40 Ar- 39 Ar dating". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 42 (1): 113–130. Bibcode:2007M&PS...42..113K. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00221.x.
^ Lindskog, A.; Costa, M. M.; Rasmussen, C.M.Ø.; Connelly, J. N.; Eriksson, M. E. (2017-01-24). "Refined Ordovician timescale reveals no link between asteroid breakup and biodiversification". Nature Communications. 8: 14066. doi:10.1038/ncomms14066. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5286199. PMID 28117834. It has been suggested that the Middle Ordovician meteorite bombardment played a crucial role in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, but this study shows that the two phenomena were unrelated
^ "Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
^ Mitchell, C.; Xu, Chen; Yuan-dong, Zhang; ZhI-hao, Wang; Webby, B.; Finney, S. (September 1997). "Definition of a global boundary stratotype for the Darriwilian Stage of the Ordovician System". Episodes. 20 (3): 158–166. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
^ Bergström, Stig; Finney, S.; Xu, Chen; Pålsson, Christian; Zhi-hao, Wang; Grahn, Yngve (June 2000). "A proposed global boundary stratotype for the base of the Upper Series of the Ordovician System: The Fågelsång section, Scania, southern Sweden". Episodes. 23 (2): 102–109. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i2/003. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
^ "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ Mindat.org
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "GSSP for Darriwilian Stage". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
^ Mitchell, C. E.; Chen Xu; S. M. Bergström; Zhang Yuan-dong; Wang Zhi-hao; B. D. Webby; S. C. Finney (1997). "Definition of a global boundary stratotype for the Darriwilian Stage of the Ordovician System". Episodes. 20 (3): 158–166. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i3/003.
^ Gradstein, F. M., ed. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier Science Ltd. p. 1176. ISBN 978-0444594259. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[1] Wellman, C.H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 355 (1398): 717–732. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.

[2] Korochantseva, Ekaterina; Trieloff, Mario; Lorenz, Cyrill; Buykin, Alexey; Ivanova, Marina; Schwarz, Winfried; Hopp, Jens; Jessberger, Elmar (2007). "L-chondrite asteroid breakup tied to Ordovician meteorite shower by multiple isochron 40 Ar- 39 Ar dating". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 42 (1): 113–130. Bibcode:2007M&PS...42..113K. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00221.x.

[3] Lindskog, A.; Costa, M. M.; Rasmussen, C.M.Ø.; Connelly, J. N.; Eriksson, M. E. (2017-01-24). "Refined Ordovician timescale reveals no link between asteroid breakup and biodiversification". Nature Communications. 8: 14066. doi:10.1038/ncomms14066. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5286199. PMID 28117834. It has been suggested that the Middle Ordovician meteorite bombardment played a crucial role in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, but this study shows that the two phenomena were unrelated

[4] "Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.

[5] Mitchell, C.; Xu, Chen; Yuan-dong, Zhang; ZhI-hao, Wang; Webby, B.; Finney, S. (September 1997). "Definition of a global boundary stratotype for the Darriwilian Stage of the Ordovician System". Episodes. 20 (3): 158–166. Retrieved 13 December 2020.

[6] Bergström, Stig; Finney, S.; Xu, Chen; Pålsson, Christian; Zhi-hao, Wang; Grahn, Yngve (June 2000). "A proposed global boundary stratotype for the base of the Upper Series of the Ordovician System: The Fågelsång section, Scania, southern Sweden". Episodes. 23 (2): 102–109. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i2/003. Retrieved 13 December 2020.

[GSSP_Table_-_Paleozoic_Era-7] "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[8] Mindat.org

[GSSP_for_Darriwilian_Stage-9] "GSSP for Darriwilian Stage". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

[Mittchell_1997-10] Mitchell, C. E.; Chen Xu; S. M. Bergström; Zhang Yuan-dong; Wang Zhi-hao; B. D. Webby; S. C. Finney (1997). "Definition of a global boundary stratotype for the Darriwilian Stage of the Ordovician System". Episodes. 20 (3): 158–166. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i3/003.

[GTS_2012-11] Gradstein, F. M., ed. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier Science Ltd. p. 1176. ISBN 978-0444594259. Retrieved 30 November 2012.

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