Dave Brubeck

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Dave Brubeck
Brubeck in 1964
Brubeck in 1964
Background information
Birth nameDavid Warren Brubeck
Born(1920-12-06)December 6, 1920
Concord, California, U.S.
DiedDecember 5, 2012(2012-12-05) (aged 91)
Norwalk, Connecticut, U.S.
Genres
Occupation(s)
  • Musician
  • composer
  • bandleader
InstrumentsPiano
Years active1940s–2012
Labels
Associated acts
Websitedavebrubeck.com

David Warren Brubeck (/ˈbruːbɛk/; December 6, 1920 – December 5, 2012) was an American jazz pianist and composer, considered one of the foremost exponents of cool jazz. Many of his compositions have become jazz standards including "In Your Own Sweet Way" and "The Duke". Brubeck's style ranged from refined to bombastic, reflecting both his mother's classical training and his own improvisational skills. His music is known for employing unusual time signatures as well as superimposing contrasting rhythms, meters, and tonalities.

Brubeck experimented with time signatures throughout his career, recording "Unsquare Dance" in 7
4, "World's Fair" in 13
8, and "Blue Rondo à la Turk" in 9
8. He was also a composer of orchestral and sacred music and wrote soundtracks for television, such as Mr. Broadway and the animated miniseries This Is America, Charlie Brown.

Often incorrectly attributed to Brubeck, the song "Take Five", which has become a jazz standard, was composed by Brubeck's long-time musical partner, alto saxophonist Paul Desmond.[1] Appearing on one of the top-selling jazz albums, Time Out, and written in 5
4 time, "Take Five" has endured as a jazz classic associated with Brubeck.[2][3]

Early life and career[]

Dave Brubeck was born in Concord, California,[1] and grew up in Ione, California. His father, Peter Howard "Pete" Brubeck, was a cattle rancher. His mother, Elizabeth (née Ivey), who had studied piano in England under Myra Hess and intended to become a concert pianist, taught piano for extra money.[4]

Brubeck's father had Swiss ancestry (the family surname was originally Brodbeck), and possibly Native American Modoc lineage,[5] while his maternal grandparents were English and German.[6][7][8] Brubeck did not intend to become a musician (his two older brothers, Henry and Howard, were already on that track), but he did take lessons from his mother. He could not read music during these early lessons, attributing the difficulty to poor eyesight, but "faked" his way through well enough that his deficiency went mostly unnoticed.[9]

Planning to work with his father on their ranch, Brubeck entered the College of the Pacific in Stockton, California to study veterinary science. He switched his major to music at the urging of the head of zoology, Dr. Arnold, who told him "Brubeck, your mind's not here. It's across the lawn in the conservatory. Please go there. Stop wasting my time and yours."[10] Later, Brubeck was nearly expelled when one of his professors discovered that he could not read music on sight. Several others came forward, arguing that his ability to write counterpoint and harmony more than compensated, and demonstrated his skill with music notation. The college was still concerned, and agreed to allow Brubeck graduate only after he promised never to teach piano.[11]

After graduating in 1942, Brubeck was drafted into the United States Army, serving in Europe in the Third Army. He volunteered to play piano at a Red Cross show and was such a hit that he was spared from combat service and ordered to form a band. He created one of the U.S. armed forces' first racially integrated bands, "The Wolfpack".[11] It was in the military, in 1944, that Brubeck met Paul Desmond.[12] After serving nearly four years in the army, he returned to California for graduate study at Mills College in Oakland. He was a student of Darius Milhaud, who encouraged him to study fugue and orchestration, but not classical piano. While on active duty, he received two lessons from Arnold Schoenberg at UCLA in an attempt to connect with high modernist theory and practice.[13] However, the encounter did not end on good terms since Schoenberg believed that every note should be accounted for, an approach which Brubeck could not accept, although according to his son Chris Brubeck, there is a twelve-tone row in The Light in the Wilderness, Dave Brubeck's first oratorio. In it, Jesus's twelve disciples are introduced each singing their own individual notes; it is described as "quite dramatic, especially when Judas starts singing 'Repent' on a high and straining dissonant note".[14]

Jack Sheedy owned San Francisco-based Coronet Records, which had previously recorded area Dixieland bands. (This Coronet Records is distinct from the late 1950s New York-based budget label, and also from Australia-based Coronet Records.) In 1949, Sheedy was convinced to make the first recording of Brubeck's octet and later his trio. But Sheedy was unable to pay his bills and in 1949 gave up his masters to his record stamping company, the Circle Record Company, owned by Max and Sol Weiss. The Weiss brothers soon changed the name of their business to Fantasy Records.

The first Brubeck records sold well, and he made new records for Fantasy. Soon the company was shipping 40,000 to 50,000 copies of Brubeck records each quarter, making a good profit.[15]

Dave Brubeck Quartet[]

Dave Brubeck Quartet
The Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1967; left to right: Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, Dave Brubeck and Paul Desmond
The Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1967; left to right: Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, Dave Brubeck and Paul Desmond
Background information
OriginSan Francisco, California, United States
GenresJazz
Years active1951–2012
Websitedavebrubeck.com
Past membersDave Brubeck
Paul Desmond
Bob Bates
Joe Dodge
Ron Crotty

Joe Morello
Norman Bates
Eugene Wright
Bill Smith
Gerry Mulligan
Jack Six
Alan Dawson
Darius Brubeck
Chris Brubeck
Dan Brubeck
Bobby Militello
Alec Dankworth
Michael Moore
Randy Jones
The quartet in 1959 during the Time Out sessions. From left to right: Joe Morello, Paul Desmond, Dave Brubeck, Eugene Wright.

In 1951, Brubeck damaged several neck vertebrae and his spinal cord while diving into the surf in Hawaii. He would later remark that the rescue workers who responded had described him as a "DOA" (dead on arrival). Brubeck recovered after a few months, but suffered residual nerve pain in his hands for years after.[16] The injury also influenced his playing style towards complex, blocky chords rather than speedy, high-dexterity, single-note runs.

Brubeck organized the Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1951, with Paul Desmond on alto saxophone. They took up a long residency at San Francisco's Black Hawk nightclub and gained great popularity touring college campuses, recording a series of albums with such titles as Jazz at Oberlin (1953), Jazz at the College of the Pacific (1953), and Brubeck's debut on Columbia Records, Jazz Goes to College (1954).

When Brubeck signed with Fantasy Records, he thought he had a half interest in the company and worked as an A & R promoter for the label, encouraging the Weiss brothers to sign other contemporary jazz performers, including Gerry Mulligan, Chet Baker and Red Norvo. When he discovered that all he owned was a half interest in his own recordings, he quit to sign with another label, Columbia Records.[17]

In 1954, he was featured on the cover of Time, the second jazz musician to be so honored (the first was Louis Armstrong on February 21, 1949).[18] Brubeck personally found this acclaim embarrassing, since he considered Duke Ellington more deserving and was convinced that he had been favored as a Caucasian.[19] Ellington knocked on the door of Brubeck's hotel room to show him the cover and Brubeck's response was, "It should have been you."[20]

Early bassists for the group included Ron Crotty, Bob Bates and his brother Norman Bates; Lloyd Davis and Joe Dodge held the drum chair. In 1956 Brubeck hired drummer Joe Morello, who had been working with Marian McPartland; Morello's presence made possible the rhythmic experiments that were to come. In 1958 African-American bassist Eugene Wright joined for the group's U.S. Department of State tour of Europe and Asia.[21] The group visited Poland, Turkey, India, Ceylon, Pakistan, Iran and Iraq on behalf of the U.S. Government. They spent two weeks in Poland, giving thirteen concerts and visiting with Polish musicians and citizens as part of the People-to-People program.[22] Wright became a permanent member in 1959, making the "classic" Quartet's personnel complete. During the late 1950s and early 1960s Brubeck canceled several concerts when the club owners or hall managers objected to presenting an integrated band. He also canceled a television appearance when he found out that the producers intended to keep Wright off-camera.[23]

In 1959, the Dave Brubeck Quartet recorded Time Out, an album about which the record label was enthusiastic but which they were nonetheless hesitant to release. Featuring the cover art of S. Neil Fujita, the album contained all original compositions, almost none of which were in common time: 9
8, 5
4, 3
4, and 6
4 were used, inspired by Eurasian folk music they experienced during their 1958 Department of State sponsored tour.[24] Nonetheless, on the strength of these unusual time signatures (the album included "Take Five", "Blue Rondo à la Turk", and "Three to Get Ready"), it quickly went Platinum. It was the first jazz album to sell more than a million copies.[25]

Time Out was followed by several albums with a similar approach, including Time Further Out: Miro Reflections (1961), using more 5
4, 6
4, and 9
8, plus the first attempt at 7
4; Countdown—Time in Outer Space (dedicated to John Glenn, 1962), featuring 11
4 and more 7
4; Time Changes (1963), with much 3
4, 10
4 and 13
4; and Time In (1966).

These albums (except Time In) were also known for using contemporary paintings as cover art, featuring the work of Joan Miró on Time Further Out, Franz Kline on Time in Outer Space, and Sam Francis on Time Changes.

On a handful of albums in the early 1960s, clarinetist Bill Smith replaced Desmond. These albums were devoted to Smith's compositions and thus had a somewhat different aesthetic than other Brubeck Quartet albums. Nonetheless, according to critic Ken Dryden, "[Smith] proves himself very much in Desmond's league with his witty solos".[26] Smith was an old friend of Brubeck's; they would record together, intermittently, from the 1940s until the final years of Brubeck's career.

In the early 1960s, Brubeck and his wife, Iola, developed a jazz musical, The Real Ambassadors, based in part on experiences they and their colleagues had during foreign tours on behalf of the Department of State. The soundtrack album, which featured Louis Armstrong, Lambert, Hendricks & Ross, and Carmen McRae was recorded in 1961; the musical was performed at the 1962 Monterey Jazz Festival.

At its peak in the early 1960s, the Brubeck Quartet was releasing as many as four albums a year. Apart from the "College" and the "Time" series, Brubeck recorded four LP records featuring his compositions based on the group's travels, and the local music they encountered. Jazz Impressions of the U.S.A. (1956, Morello's debut with the group), Jazz Impressions of Eurasia (1958), Jazz Impressions of Japan (1964), and Jazz Impressions of New York (1964) are less well-known albums and they produced Brubeck standards such as "Summer Song", "Brandenburg Gate", "Koto Song", and "Theme from Mr. Broadway". (Brubeck wrote, and the Quartet performed, the theme song for this Craig Stevens CBS drama series; the music from the series became material for the New York album.) In 1961, Brubeck appeared in a few scenes of the British jazz/beat film All Night Long, which starred Patrick McGoohan and Richard Attenborough. Brubeck merely plays himself, with the film featuring close-ups of his piano fingerings. Brubeck performs "It's a Raggy Waltz" from the Time Further Out album and duets briefly with bassist Charles Mingus in "Non-Sectarian Blues".

In the early 1960s Dave Brubeck was the program director of WJZZ-FM radio (now WEZN-FM). He achieved his vision of an all-jazz format radio station along with his friend and neighbor John E. Metts, one of the first African Americans in senior radio management.

The final studio album for Columbia by the Desmond/Wright/Morello quartet was Anything Goes (1966) featuring the songs of Cole Porter. A few concert recordings followed, and The Last Time We Saw Paris (1967) was the "Classic" Quartet's swan-song.

Members[]

Years Lineup
1951–1956
1953
(Jazz at Oberlin)
  • Dave Brubeck – piano
  • Paul Desmond – alto saxophone
  • Ron Crotty – double bass
  • – drums
1956–1958
1958–1968
(Classic quartet)
  • Dave Brubeck – piano
  • Paul Desmond – alto saxophone
  • Joe Morello – drums
  • Eugene Wright – double bass (also credited "Gene Wright")
Additional personnel
  • Bill Smith – clarinet (subbed for Desmond on The Riddle, Brubeck A la Mode, and Near Myth, 1960)
1968–1972
("The Dave Brubeck Trio & Gerry Mulligan")
Additional personnel
  • Paul Desmond – alto saxophone (October 1972 quintet for We're All Together Again)
1972–1978
("The New Brubeck Quartet")
  • Dave Brubeck – piano
  • Chris Brubeck – bass trombone, electric fretless bass
  • Dan Brubeck – drums (also credited "Daniel Brubeck")
  • Darius Brubeck – piano, electric piano, clavinet, electric organ, synthesizer
Additional personnel
  • Paul Desmond – alto saxophone (guest soloist on some concerts)
  • Gerry Mulligan – baritone saxophone (guest soloist on some concerts)
  • Jerry Bergonzi – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone (guest soloist on some concert tours and recordings)
  • Perry Robinson – clarinet (guest soloist on some concert tours and recordings)
  • Peter "Madcat" Ruth – harmonicas, Jaw harp (guest soloist on some concert tours and recordings)
  • Muruga Booker = drums, percussion (guest soloist on some concert tours and recordings)
1976–1977
(Classic quartet reunion – 25th anniversary)
  • Dave Brubeck – piano
  • Paul Desmond – alto saxophone
  • Joe Morello – drums
  • Eugene Wright – double bass
1977–Early 2000s
  • Dave Brubeck – piano
  • Chris Brubeck – bass trombone, electric upright bass, electric fretless bass
  • Dan Brubeck – drums
  • Darius Brubeck – piano, electric piano
Additional personnel
  • Matthew Brubeck – cello (guest on a few sets)
  • Randy Jones – drums (guest on some sets)
  • Bobby Militello – alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, flute (guest, such as 1993's Late Night Brubeck)
  • Jack Six – double bass (guest on some sets)
  • Bill Smith – clarinet (guest, such as 1982's Concord On A Summer Night, 1984's For Iola, 1986's Reflections, 1987's Blue Rondo, Moscow Nights and In Moscow)
1978–1982
Early 2000s–2012

Later career[]

Brubeck produced The Gates of Justice in 1968, a cantata mixing Biblical scripture with the words of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

In 1971, the new senior management at Columbia Records decided not to renew Brubeck's contract, as they wished to focus on rock music. He moved to Atlantic Records.[27]

Brubeck's music was used in the 1985 film Ordeal by Innocence. He also composed for – and performed with his ensemble on – "The NASA Space Station", a 1988 episode of the CBS TV series This Is America, Charlie Brown.[28]

Personal life[]

Brubeck in 2004
Brubeck in Ludwigshafen, Germany, in 2005

Dave Brubeck married jazz lyricist Iola Whitlock in September 1942; the couple were married for 70 years, until his death in 2012. Iola died on March 12, 2014, from cancer in Wilton, Connecticut, at the age of 90.[29][30]

Four of Brubeck's six children have been professional musicians. Darius, the eldest, is a pianist, producer, educator and performer. (He was named after Dave Brubeck's mentor Darius Milhaud.[31]) Dan is a percussionist, Chris is a multi-instrumentalist and composer. Matthew, the youngest, is a cellist with an extensive list of composing and performance credits. Another son, Michael, died in 2009.[16][32] Brubeck's children often joined him in concerts and in the recording studio.

Brubeck became a Catholic in 1980, shortly after completing the Mass To Hope which had been commissioned by Ed Murray, editor of the national Catholic weekly Our Sunday Visitor. Although he had spiritual interests before that time, he said, "I didn't convert to Catholicism, because I wasn't anything to convert from. I just joined the Catholic Church."[33] In 1996, he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2006, Brubeck was awarded the University of Notre Dame's Laetare Medal, the oldest and most prestigious[34] honor given to American Catholics, during the University's commencement. He performed "Travellin' Blues" for the graduating class of 2006.

Brubeck founded the Brubeck Institute with his wife, Iola, at their alma mater, the University of the Pacific in 2000. What began as a special archive, consisting of the personal document collection of the Brubecks, has since expanded to provide fellowships and educational opportunities in jazz for students, also leading to having one of the main streets on which the school resides named in his honor, Dave Brubeck Way.[35]

The US Library of Congress conducted a conversation with Brubeck in April 2008: Jazz Conversation: Pianist, Composer Dave Brubeck.

Recognition[]

Dave Brubeck (third from left), among Kennedy Center honorees 2009, flanked by President and Mrs. Obama at the Blue Room, White House, December 6, 2009 (his 89th birthday)

In 1975, the main-belt asteroid 5079 Brubeck was named after Brubeck.[36]

Brubeck recorded five of the seven tracks of his album Jazz Goes to College in Ann Arbor. He returned to Michigan many times, including a performance at Hill Auditorium where he received a Distinguished Artist Award from the University of Michigan's Musical Society in 2006. On April 8, 2008, United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice presented Brubeck with a "Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy" for offering an American "vision of hope, opportunity and freedom" through his music.[37] "As a little girl I grew up on the sounds of Dave Brubeck because my dad was your biggest fan", said Rice.[38] The State Department said in a statement that "as a pianist, composer, cultural emissary and educator, Dave Brubeck's life's work exemplifies the best of America's cultural diplomacy".[37] At the ceremony Brubeck played a brief recital for the audience at the State Department.[37] "I want to thank all of you because this honor is something that I never expected. Now I am going to play a cold piano with cold hands", Brubeck stated.[37]

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced on May 28, 2008, that Brubeck would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. The induction ceremony occurred December 10, and he was inducted alongside eleven other famous Californians.[39]

In 2008 Brubeck became a supporter of the Jazz Foundation of America in its mission to save the homes and the lives of elderly jazz and blues musicians, including those who had survived Hurricane Katrina.[40] Brubeck supported the Jazz Foundation by performing in its annual benefit concert "A Great Night in Harlem".[41] On October 18, 2008, Brubeck received an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the prestigious Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York.

Dave Brubeck at the White House for the 2009 Kennedy Center Honors

In September 2009, the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts announced Brubeck as a Kennedy Center Honoree for exhibiting excellence in performance arts.[42] The Kennedy Center Honors Gala took place on Sunday, December 6 (Brubeck's 89th birthday), and was broadcast nationwide on CBS on December 29 at 9:00 pm EST. When the award was made, President Barack Obama recalled a 1971 concert Brubeck had given in Honolulu and said, "You can't understand America without understanding jazz, and you can't understand jazz without understanding Dave Brubeck."[16]

On September 20, 2009, at the Monterey Jazz Festival, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree (D.Mus. honoris causa) from Berklee College of Music.[43]

On May 16, 2010, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree (honoris causa) from the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. The ceremony took place on the National Mall.[44]

On July 5, 2010, Brubeck was awarded the Miles Davis Award at the Montreal International Jazz Festival.[45] In 2010, Bruce Ricker and Clint Eastwood produced Dave Brubeck: In His Own Sweet Way, a documentary about Brubeck for Turner Classic Movies (TCM) to commemorate his 90th birthday in December 2010.[46]

Death and legacy[]

Brubeck died of heart failure on December 5, 2012, in Norwalk, Connecticut, one day before his 92nd birthday. He was on his way to a cardiology appointment, accompanied by his son Darius.[47] A birthday party concert had been planned for him with family and famous guests.[48] A memorial tribute was held in May 2013.[49]

The Los Angeles Times noted that he "was one of Jazz's first pop stars", even though he was not always happy with his fame. He felt uncomfortable, for example, that Time had featured him on the cover[50] before it did so for Duke Ellington, saying, "It just bothered me."[51] The New York Times noted he had continued to play well into his old age, performing in 2011 and in 2010 only a month after getting a pacemaker, with Times music writer Nate Chinen commenting that Brubeck had replaced "the old hammer-and-anvil attack with something almost airy" and that his playing at the Blue Note Jazz Club in New York City was "the picture of judicious clarity".[32]

In The Daily Telegraph, music journalist Ivan Hewett wrote: "Brubeck didn't have the réclame of some jazz musicians who lead tragic lives. He didn't do drugs or drink. What he had was endless curiosity combined with stubbornness", adding: "His work list is astonishing, including oratorios, musicals and concertos, as well as hundreds of jazz compositions. This quiet man of jazz was truly a marvel."[52]

In The Guardian, John Fordham said "Brubeck's real achievement was to blend European compositional ideas, very demanding rhythmic structures, jazz song-forms and improvisation in expressive and accessible ways. His son Chris told The Guardian "when I hear Chorale, it reminds me of the very best Aaron Copland, something like Appalachian Spring. There's a sort of American honesty to it."[53] Robert Christgau dubbed Brubeck the "jazz hero of the rock and roll generation".[54]

The Economist wrote: "Above all they found it hard to believe that the most successful jazz in America was being played by a family man, a laid-back Californian, modest, gentle and open, who would happily have been a rancher all his days—except that he couldn't live without performing, because the rhythm of jazz, under all his extrapolation and exploration, was, he had discovered, the rhythm of his heart."[55]

The Concord Boulevard Park in his hometown of Concord, California, was renamed to "Dave Brubeck Memorial Park" in his honor. Mayor Dan Helix favorably recalled one of his performances at the park, saying: "He will be with us forever because his music will never die."[56]

While on tour performing "Hot House" in Toronto, Chick Corea and Gary Burton completed a tribute to Brubeck on the day of his death. Corea played "Strange Meadow Lark", from Brubeck's album Time Out.[57]

Brubeck is interred at Umpawaug Cemetery in Redding, Connecticut.[58][59]

In the United States, May 4 is informally observed as "Dave Brubeck Day". In the format most commonly used in the U.S., May 4 is written "5/4", recalling the time signature of "Take Five", Brubeck's best known recording.[60] In September 2019, musicologist Stephen A. Crist's book, Dave Brubeck's Time Out, provided the first scholarly book length analysis of the seminal album. In addition to his musical analyses of each of the album's original compositions, Crist provides insight into Brubeck's career during a time he was rising to the top of the jazz charts.[61]

A definitive biography of Brubeck, Dave Brubeck: A Life in Time, by the British writer Philip Clark, was published by Da Capo Press in the US and Headline Publishing Group in the UK on February 18, 2020.[62][63]

Dave Brubeck was among hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal Studios fire.[64]

Awards[]

  • Connecticut Arts Award (1987)
  • National Medal of Arts, National Endowment for the Arts (1994)
  • DownBeat Hall of Fame (1994)
  • Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (1996)
  • Doctor of Sacred Theology, Doctorate honoris causa, University of Fribourg, Switzerland (2004)[65]
  • Laetare Medal (University of Notre Dame) (2006)
  • BBC Jazz Lifetime Achievement Award (2007)
  • Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy (2008)[37]
  • Inducted into California Hall of Fame (2008)
  • Eastman School of Music Honorary Degree (2008)[66]
  • Kennedy Center Honors (2009)[67]
  • George Washington University Honorary Degree (2010)[68]
  • Honorary Fellow of Westminster Choir College, Princeton, New Jersey (2011)

Discography[]

As leader[]

[69] [70]

Year recorded Title Label Personnel/Notes
1948 Old Sounds From San Francisco Fantasy Octet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Jack Weeks (bass), Cal Tjader (drums), William O. Smith (clarinet), Bob Collins (baritone sax), Dick Collins (trumpet), David Van Kriedt (tenor sax); 10' LP reissued as part of Dave Brubeck Octet
1949-50 Distinctive Rhythm Instrumentals Fantasy Trio, with Ron Crotty (bass), Cal Tjader (vibraphone, drums, percussion); 3 Volumes of 10' LPs. Reissued as part of
1950 Distinctive Rhythm Instrumentals Fantasy Octet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Jack Weeks (bass), Cal Tjader (drums), William O. Smith (clarinet), Bob Collins (baritone sax), Dick Collins (trumpet), David Van Kriedt (tenor sax); 10' LP reissued as part of Dave Brubeck Octet
1948–50 Dave Brubeck Octet Fantasy Octet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Jack Weeks (bass), Cal Tjader (drums), William O. Smith (clarinet), Bob Collins (baritone sax), Dick Collins (trumpet), David Van Kriedt (tenor sax); reissue of previous 10' LPs
1950 Fantasy Trio, with Ron Crotty (bass), Cal Tjader (vibraphone, drums, percussion) (Volumes 1 & 2); reissue of previous 10' LPs
1951 Fantasy Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Fred Dutton, bass; Herb Barman, drums; reissue contained a track from the 1954 10' LP Jazz Interwoven
1952-53 Fantasy Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bull Ruther or Ron Crotty, bass; Lloyd Davis, drums; in concert
1952 The Dave Brubeck Quartet Fantasy Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bull Ruther (bass), Herb Barman and Lloyd Davis (drums; separately); reissue contained a track from the 1954 10' LP Jazz Interwoven
1952 Fantasy Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty (bass), Lloyd Davis (drums); in concert
1953 Jazz at Oberlin Fantasy Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty (bass), Lloyd Davis (drums); in concert
1953 Fantasy Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty (bass), Lloyd Davis (drums); in concert
1953 Jazz at the College of the Pacific Fantasy Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert
1953 Original Jazz Classics Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert
1954 Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Ron Crotty or Bob Bates(bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert
1954 Jazz Goes to College Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bob Bates (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert
1954 Brubeck Time Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bob Bates (bass), Joe Dodge (drums)
1954–55 Jazz: Red Hot and Cool Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Bob Bates (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert
1956 Brubeck Plays Brubeck Columbia Solo piano
1956 Dave Brubeck and Jay & Kai at Newport Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Dodge (drums); in concert; album shared with the J. J. Johnson–Kai Winding Quintet
1957 Jazz Impressions of the U.S.A. Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1957 Dave Brubeck Plays and Plays and... Fantasy Solo piano
1957 Reunion Fantasy Quintet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), David Van Kriedt (tenor sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1957 Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1957 Dave Digs Disney Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Norman Bates (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1958 The Dave Brubeck Quartet in Europe Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1958 Newport 1958 Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Joe Benjamin (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1958 Jazz Impressions of Eurasia Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Joe Benjamin (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1959 Gone with the Wind Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1959 Time Out Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1960 Columbia Quartet, with Bill Smith (clarinet), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1960 Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1960 Brubeck and Rushing Columbia Quintet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), Jimmy Rushing (vocals)
1960 Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein Columbia With Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), New York Philharmonic
1960 Brubeck à la mode Fantasy Quartet, with Bill Smith (clarinet), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1960 Tonight Only! Columbia Quintet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), Carmen McRae (vocals)
1960 Fantasy Quartet, with Bill Smith (clarinet), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1961 Time Further Out Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1961 Brandenburg Gate: Revisited Columbia With Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), orchestra
1961 Take Five Live Columbia Quintet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), Carmen McRae (vocals); in concert
1961 The Real Ambassadors Columbia Soundtrack for the musical
1961–62 Countdown—Time in Outer Space Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1962 Columbia Legacy with Tony Bennett (vocals); released 2013
1962 Bossa Nova U.S.A. Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1962 Brubeck in Amsterdam Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert; released 1969
1963 The Dave Brubeck Quartet at Carnegie Hall Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1964 Time Changes Columbia With Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), orchestra
1964 Jazz Impressions of Japan Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1964 Jazz Impressions of New York Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1964 Dave Brubeck in Berlin CBS Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1962–65 Angel Eyes Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1962–65 My Favorite Things Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1965 Time In Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1966 Anything Goes! The Dave Brubeck Quartet Plays Cole Porter Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1966 Jackpot! Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1967 Bravo! Brubeck! Columbia With Paul Desmond (alto sax), Chamin Correa (guitar), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums), Salvatore Agueros (bongo, conga); in concert
1967 Buried Treasures Columbia Legacy Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert; released 1998
1967 The Last Time We Saw Paris Columbia Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums); in concert
1967 Columbia Legacy In concert; released 2011
1968 Columbia Quartet, with Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); in concert
1968 Blues Roots Columbia Quartet, with Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums)
1968 Decca With Gerre Hancock (organ), Frank Proto (bass, del rhuba), William Justus (baritone), David Frerichs (drums, tablas), Miami University A Cappella Singers (vocals), George Barron (director), Erich Kunzel (conductor)
1969 Decca With Robert Delcamp, (organ), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums), Cantor Harold Orbach (tenor voice), McHenry Boatwright (bass baritone voice), The Westminster Choir, The Cincinnati Brass Ensemble
1970 Decca With Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums), Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra;
1970 Live at the Berlin Philharmonie Columbia Quartet, with Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); in concert
1960-68 Columbia Released 1970.
1971 The Last Set at Newport Atlantic Quartet, with Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); in concert
1971 Atlantic With Chris Brubeck (bass trombone, electric piano, vocals), Peter Madcat Ruth (harmonica, flute, vocals), Jim Cathcart (organ, trumpet, vocals), Stephan Dudash (guitar, violin, vocals), Dave Mason (guitar, viola, vocals), Chris Brown (electric bass, bass, vocals), Lowell Thompson (bongo drums), Peter Bonisteel (percussion), Charlene Peterson (soprano voice), St. John's Assembly,
1972 We're All Together Again for the First Time Atlantic Quintet, with Gerry Mulligan (baritone sax), Paul Desmond (alto sax), Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); in concert
1973 Two Generations of Brubeck Atlantic With Darius Brubeck (electric piano, piano, clavinet), Jerry Bergonzi (soprano sax, tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (electric bass, trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums), Randie Powell (percussion), David Powell (double bass), Perry Robinson (clarinet), Peter Madcat Ruth (harmonica), David Dutemple (electric bass), Richie Morales (drums), Stephan Dudash (violin), Dave Mason (guitar), Jimmy Cathcart (electric piano)
1973–74 All the Things We Are Atlantic One track trio, with Jack Six (bass), Alan Dawson (drums); some tracks quartet, with Lee Konitz (alto sax), Jack Six (bass), Roy Haynes (drums); one track quintet, with Anthony Braxton (alto sax) added; one track quartet with Braxton replacing Konitz
1974 Brother, the Great Spirit Made Us All Atlantic With Darius Brubeck (electric piano), Jerry Bergonzi (soprano sax, tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (electric bass, trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums), David Powell (double bass), Perry Robinson (clarinet), Peter Madcat Ruth (harmonica, Jew's harp)
1975 1975: The Duets A&M Duo, with Paul Desmond (alto sax)
1976 25th Anniversary Reunion A&M Quartet, with Paul Desmond (alto sax), Eugene Wright (bass), Joe Morello (drums)
1977 Tomato Quartet, with Darius Brubeck (electric piano), Chris Brubeck (electric bass, trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums). In concert
1978 Direct to Disk Quartet, with Darius Brubeck (electric piano), Chris Brubeck (electric bass, trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums). In concert
1979 Columbia With Richard Lewis (bass), Mel Lewis (drums), Lee Arellano (percussion, vocals), Phyllis Bryn-Julson (Soprano), Gene Tucker (tenor), Jake Gardner (baritone), John Stephens (bass), Dale Warland Singers (chorus), Edith Norberg’s Carillon Choristers (chorus), St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, Dennis Russell Davies (conductor)
1979 Concord Quartet, with Jerry Bergonzi (tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (bass, trombone), Butch Miles (drums)
1980 Tritonis Concord Quartet, with Jerry Bergonzi (tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (bass, trombone), Butch Miles (drums)
1981 Paper Moon Concord Quartet, with Jerry Bergonzi (tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1982 Concord Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1982 Eastworld Michael Pedicin (tenor sax), Chris Brubeck (electric bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums). In concert
1984 The Jazz Alliance/Concord Recorded live on air on March 23, 1984
1984 Concord Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1985 Concord Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1986 Concord Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1987 Concord Quartet, with William O. Smith (clarinet), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Randy Jones (drums)
1987 MusicMasters with the Montreal International Jazz Festival Orchestra; in concert; released 1990
1988-91 MusicMasters With Bobby Militello (alto sax, tenor sax, flute), Matt Brubeck (cello), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Jack Six (bass), Dan Brubeck (drums), Randy Jones (drums)
1991 MusicMasters Quartet with William O. Smith (clarinet),Jack Six (bass), Randy Jones (drums)
1993 MusicMasters With Chris Brubeck (electric bass, bass trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums)
1993 Telarc Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax, tenor sax, flute), Jack Six (bass), Randy Jones (drums); in concert
1993 Telarc Sextet with William O. Smith (clarinet), Bobby Militello (alto sax, tenor sax, flute), Chris Brubeck (electric bass, bass trombone), Jack Six (bass), Randy Jones (drums); In concert
1994 Just You, Just Me Telarc Solo piano
1994 In Their Own Sweet Way Telarc Most tracks quintet, with Darius Brubeck (piano), Matt Brubeck (cello), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums)
1995 Young Lions & Old Tigers Telarc With Chris Brubeck (electric bass), Jack Six (bass), Randy Jones (drums)
1995 To Hope! A Celebration Telarc With quartet, Cathedral Choral Society and Orchestra
1996 A Dave Brubeck Christmas Telarc Solo piano
1998 So What's New? Telarc Quartet, with Bobby Militello (sax, flute), Jack Six (bass), Randy Jones (drums)
1995–98 Telarc Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax), Alec Dankworth and Jack Six (bass; separately), Randy Jones (drums); in concert; released 2001
1998 The 40th Anniversary Tour of the U.K. Telarc Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax), Alec Dankworth (bass), Randy Jones (drums); in concert
2000 Telarc With Bobby Militello (alto sax, flute), Darius Brubeck (piano), Matt Brubeck (cello), Chris Brubeck (bass, bass trombone), Dan Brubeck (drums); London Symphony Orchestra; in concert
2000 One Alone Telarc Solo piano; in concert
2000 The Crossing Telarc Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax, flute), Alec Dankworth (bass), Randy Jones (drums)
2001 Naxos With Michael Moore (bass), Randy Jones (drums), Alberto Mizrahi (cantor), Kevin Deas (bass baritone), Baltimore Choral Arts Society (chorus), Tom Hall (director),

, Russell Gloyd (director)

2002 Choral Arts Society of Chattanooga In concert
2002 Park Avenue South Telarc Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax, flute), Michael Moore (bass), Randy Jones (drums); in concert
2002 Telarc with the London Symphony Orchestra
2004 Telarc Solo piano; limited edition adds an interview with Brubeck
2004 London Flat, London Sharp Telarc Quartet, with Bobby Militello (alto sax), Michael Moore (bass), Randy Jones (drums)
2004 Sony Classical with the Bach Collegium Munich; in concert
2004 Naxos with John de Haan and Jane Giering (vocals)
2006 Telarc Solo piano
2007 Live in '64 & '66 Naxos/Jazz Icons DVD release of concerts in Belgium in 1964 and Germany in 1966
1958–2007 50 Years of Dave Brubeck: Live at the Monterey Jazz Festival, 1958-2007 Monterey Jazz Festival/Concord In concert

Compilations[]

  • Dave Brubeck's Greatest Hits (Columbia CS 9284 / CL 2484, 1966)
  • Interchanges '54 (Columbia Jazz Masterpieces 467917 2, 1991)
  • Ballads (Legacy 501795 2, 2001)
  • The Essential Dave Brubeck (Columbia Legacy, 2003)

Guest appearances[]

With Yo-Yo Ma

"Joy to the World" and "Concordia" on Songs of Joy and Peace by Yo-Yo Ma & Friends (Sony Classical, 2008)

Various artists

"Some Day My Prince Will Come" and "Alice in Wonderland" (with Roberta Gambarini) on Everybody Wants to Be a Cat: Disney Jazz Volume 1 (Disney, 2011)

References[]

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External links[]

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