Death dates of victims of the Great Purge
Note: Except where otherwise stated, the date is that on which the individual was executed by shooting.
1936[]
July
9 Aghasi Khanjian (murdered by Lavrentiy Beria)
August
22 Mikhail Tomsky (suicide)
25 Grigori Zinoviev,[1] Lev Kamenev, Grigori Yevdokimov, Ivan Bakayev, Ivan Smirnov, Vagarshak Ter-Vaganyan.
September
25 (Genrikh Yagoda dismissed from his post as head of the NKVD, and replaced by Nikolai Yezhov)
October[]
3 Platon Volkov[2]
November
23 Boris Pinson
December
28 Nestor Lakoba (suspected poisoning)
1937[]
January
10 Martemyan Ryutin, Ivar Smilga, Pyotr Zalutsky.
February
1 Georgy Pyatakov,[3] Mikhail Boguslavsky, Yakov Drobnis, Nikolai Muralov, Leonid Serebryakov.
18 Sergo Ordzhonikidze (suicide)
March
8 Izrail Agol
May
26 Vladimir Nevsky, Alexander Slepkov, Vladimir Smirnov
31 Yan Gamarnik (suicide), Nikolai Uglanov
June
12 Mikhail Tukhachevsky,[4] Roberts Eidemanis, Boris Feldman, August Kork, Vitaly Primakov, Vitovt Putna, Ieronim Uborevich, Iona Yakir.
17 Max Levien
19 Yakov Doletsky (suicide), Dmitry Shmidt[5]
20 Mark Gai,[6] Andreu Nin (murdered in Barcelona), Jan Sten
July
1 Anatoliy Gekker, Matvei Vasilenko
2 Yevgeni Preobrazhensky, Lev Sosnovsky
7 Axel Bakunts
16 Vladimir Kirillov,
19 Budu Mdivani
22 Paolo Iashvili (suicide)
August
7 Oscar Ryvkin, Nikolai Sollogub
13 Aleksandr Voronsky, Boris Didkovsky
14 Leopold Averbakh,[7] Karl Pauker, Ivan Zaporozhets Leonty Ugryumov
17 Sahak Ter-Gabrielyan
19 Ivan Kataev
21 Artur Artuzov, Adolf Warski
25 Johannes Raudmets, Boris Steiger
27 Igor Akulov
30 Panas Lyubchenko (suicide)
September
2 Grigol Lordkipanidze (died while under interrogation), Alexander Shliapnikov
4 Ignace Reiss (murdered in Switzerland), Evgeny Pashukanis
10 Sergei Medvedev, Hayk Ovsepyan, David Petrovsky, Sergei Syrtsov, Sergei Tretyakov
14 Nikolay Ustryalov
20 Lev Karakhan,[8] Marcian Germanovich, Nikolai Kashirin, Ivan Smolin, Ivan Teodorovich, Henryk Walecki
21 Seit Devdariani,
28 Sergei Mezheninov, Timofei Sapronov
30 Mikheil Javakhishvili
October
3 Alexander Chayanov, Hans Kippenberger, Willy Leow
10 Peter of Krutitsy
13 Bekir Çoban-zade, Ahmad Javad
14 Karl Bauman
15 Dmitry Fesenko, Evgen Gvaladze, Pamphylia Tanailidi
23 Nikolai Klyuev
26 Henryk Domski
27 Nikolai Durnovo
29 Yakau Branshteyn, Anani Dziakaŭ, Platon Halavach, Valery Marakou, Anatol Volny[9] Vladimir Milyutin, Sergei Sedov
30 Ivan Akulov, Mikhail Chudov, Mendel Khatayevich, Aleksei Kiselyov, Alexander Krinitsky, Vladimir Polonsky, Mikhail Razumov, Avel Yenukidze,[8] Ivan Zhukov
November
1 Kuzebay Gerd, Milan Gorkic, Gustaw Henrykowski
10 Lev Shubnikov
11 Sergei Chavain, Olyk Ipai, Shabdar Osyp
15 Gleb Bokii
20 Metropolitan Joseph (Petrovykh)
21 Fyodor Golovin, Adrian Piotrovsky,
24 Nikolai Oleynikov
26 Yakov Hanecki, Heinz Neumann, Alexander Krasnoshchyokov, Leonid Kurchevsky, Emanuel Kviring
27 Yeghishe Charents, Aino Forsten, Eero Haapalainen, Ruben Rubenov, Daniil Sulimov
28 Rose Cohen
December
2 Petre Otskheli
3 Shalva Eliava, Boris Skibine
8 Pavel Florensky
10 Rashid Khan Kaplanov, Vladimir Lyubimov, Movses Silikyan
11 Jaan Anvelt (died from torture under interrogation), Hayk Bzhishkyan, Seraphim Chichagov, Mamia Orakhelashvili[8]
16 Giorgi Mazniashvili, Titsian Tabidze
22 Evgeni Mikeladze
31 James Lewin
1938[]
January
6 Mikayil Mushfig
11 Erwin Bauer, Arvid Kubbel, Georgy Langemak
14 Anatoly Pepelyayev
15 Anna Tieke
17 Vladimir Beneshevich
20 Juho Perala, Nikolai Zhilyayev
25 Yevgeny Polivanov
February
8 Tikhon Khvesin, Nikolai Kuzmin, John Pepper
9 Vaino Kallio, Gazanfar Musabekov
10 Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko, Christophor Araratov, Alexander Beloborodov, Maksim Haretski, Grigory Kaminsky, Joseph Meerzon, Alexander Serebrovsky, Aleksandr Smirnov
11 Asser Salo
13 Alexander Samoylovich
15 Leonid Ustrugov
17 Abram Slutsky (poisoned)
18 Georgii Frederiks, Dmitry Mushketov, Julian Shchutsky,
21 Vladimir Dzhunkovsky
25 Sanjar Asfendiyarov
26 Jukka Ahti, Abram Markson, Tyyne Salomaa
March
10 Tobias Akselrod
15 Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov, Genrikh Yagoda, Pavel Bulanov, Mikhail Chernov, Hryhoriy Hrynko, Akmal Ikramov, Vladimir Ivanov, Nikolai Krestinsky, Pyotr Kryuchkov, Arkady Rosengolts, Vasily Sharangovich, Isaac Zelensky, Prokopy Zubarev,[10] Valentin Trifonov.
22 Hermann Schubert
28 Vladimir Timiryov
April
8 Panteleimon Romanov
21 Sultan Majid Afandiyev, Oskari Ikonen, Boris Pilnyak, Huseyn Rahmanov Kustaa Rovio, Suren Shadunts
23 Kasyan Chaykovsky (died under interrogation)
25 Jekabs Peterss, Ivan Mezhlauk
May
29 Hans Hellmann
June
14 Edvard Gylling
18 Avetis Sultan-Zade
19 Anastasia Bitsenko
20 Vladimir Gorev, Nikolai Janson
July
10 Gaziz Almukhametov
18 Vahan Totovents
28 Yakov Davydov, Terenty Deribas, Vladimir Kirshon, Yakov Alksnis, Izrail Leplevsky Vladimir Orlov, Mikhail Sangursky, Alexander Svechin, Ioakhim Vatsetis
29[11] Janis Rudzutaks, Maksim Ammosov Nikolai Antipov, Moisei Frumkin, Vilhelm Knorin, Nikolai Krylenko, Valery Mezhlauk, Vasily Schmidt, Boris Shumyatsky, Matvey Skobelev, Jozef Unszlicht, Amatuni Vartapetyan Yakov Yakovlev, Volodymyr Zatonsky
Ivan Belov, Yan Berzin, Anton Bulin, Ivan Dubovoy, Pavel Dybenko, Sergei Gribov, Ivan Gryaznov, Innokenty Khalepsky, Vasiliy Khripin, Grigory Kireyev, Yepifan Kovtyukh, Mikhail Levandovsky, Alexander Sedyakin, Ivan Tkachev
August
1 Yakov Agranov, Alexander Bekzadyan, Eduard Berzin, Andrei Bubnov, Aleksei Stetsky, Semyon Uritsky, Yan Gaylit, Ivan Kosogov, Nikolay Kuibyshev, Mikhail Viktorov, Konstantin Yurenev
16 Marcel Pauker
19 Nikolai Krivoruchko, Nikolay Pakhomov
22 Pyotr Feldman, Vladimir Gittis, Vilhelm Garf, Lavrenti Kartvelashvili, Pavel Sytin
26 Andrei Sazontov, Sofia Sokolovskaya, Mikhail Svechnikov
29 Jan Antonovich Berzin, Pyotr Bryanskikh, Boris Kamkov, Bela Kun, Jamshid Nakhchivanski, , Leonid Zakovsky[12]
September
1 Nikolai Bryukhanov, Mieczysław Broński, Valerian Osinsky
3 Alexander Tarasov-Rodionov
7 Nikolai Gorbunov, Karim Mammadbeyov, Nikolai Zimin
8 Mikhail Amelin, Ivan Nikulin
12 Gerzel Baazov
16 Vasily Yakovlev
17 Bruno Jasienski, Nikolai Kondratiev
20 Boris Kornilov, Theodore Maly
21 Benedikt Livshits
October
1 Viktor Bulla
4 Nikolai Vladimirovich Nekrasov
10 Vasili Oshchepkov
12 Matti Airola (died in prison), Maximilian Kravkov
27 Khadija Gayibova, Artemic Khalatov
30 Osip Piatnitsky
November
6 Vladimir Ivanov
9 Vasily Blyukher
15 Karim Tinchurin
22 (Nikolai Yezhov dismissed as head of the NKVD, and replaced by Lavrentiy Beria)
29 Branislaw Tarashkyevich
December
9 Vasily Helmersen
27 Osip Mandelstam (died in a labour camp), Boris Gorev
30 Georgy Lomov
1939[]
January
15 Kullervo Manner (died in a labour camp)
February
10 Bela Szekely
20 Boris Kornilov
22 Boris Berman, Grigory Khakhanyan
23 Alexander Kosarev, Alexander Yegorov
25 Boris Pozern, Pyotr Smorodin
26 Vlas Chubar, Stanislaw Kosior, Levon Mirzoyan, Pavel Postyshev
March
4 Rudolf Samoylovich
7 Matvei Berman, Volf Bronner, Hermann Remmele
10 Georgy Bondar, Ehsanollah Khan Dustdar
15 Leo Flieg
April
6 Nikolai Bekryashev (died in a labour camp)
15 Aleksei Gastev, Dmitry Shakhovskoy
16 Efrem Eshba
19 Vladimir Copic
May
19 Karl Radek (murdered in a labour camp)
21 Grigori Sokolnikov (murdered in a labour camp)
June
6 Prince Dmitri.Mirsky (died in a labour camp)
July
9 Maria Koszutska (died in prison)
August
16 Martha Ruben-Wolf (suicide)
October
31 Platon Oyunsky (died in prison)
November
1940[]
January
27 Isaac Babel
28 Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, Aleksandr Uspensky
February
2 Robert Eikhe, Mikhail Koltsov, Vsevolod Meyerhold, Mikhail Trilisser, Yefim Yevdokimov
3 Mikhail Frinovsky, Nikolai Yezhov[13]
May
7 Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov
June
23 Toivo Alavirta (died in a labour camp)
August
20 Leon Trotsky (assassinated in Mexico)
October 16 Boris Stomonyakov
See also[]
Notes[]
- ^ Zinoviev headed a list of 16 accused sentenced to death on 23 August 1936 at the end of the first of the Moscow Show Trials (1936). Report of Court Proceedings, The Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centra. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR.
- ^ Volkov was married to Trotsky's daughter, Zinaida. Sakharov Centre https://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/martirolog/?t=page&id=4881. Retrieved 10 January 2021. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ^ Pyatakov headed the list of 13 accused sentenced to death on 30 January 1937 at the second show trial. (1937). Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyite Centre. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR.
- ^ The execution of Marshal Tukhachevsky and seven others was the start of a purge o0f the Red Army that claimed "at least" 20,000 victims Conquest, Robert (1971). The Great Terror. Harmondsworth: Penguin. p. 313.
- ^ Shmidt was the principal source of the evidence against Marshal Tukhachevsky and the other executed commanders. Conquest. The Great Terror. p. 287.
- ^ Mark Gai was one of the first former NKVD officers executed for suspected loyalty to his dismissed chief, Yagoda. Jansen, Marc and Petrov, Nikolai (2002). Stalin's Loyal Executioner: People's Commissar Nikolai Ezhov, 1895-1940. Stanford CA: Hoover Institution Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-8179-2902-2.
- ^ Averbakh, brother-in-law of Genrikh Yagoda, headed a death list of 25 former NKVD officers and family members signed by Stalin and Molotov. Missing or empty
|title=
(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jump up to: a b c On 20 December 1937, Pravda reported that Yenukidze, Karakhan, Orakhelashvili and four others had been tried and sentenced to death the previous day, Conquest. The Great Terror. p. 371, although when the archives opened it became clear that all three were already dead by that date.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Branstejn was one of more than 100 literary figures from Belarus (then known as the Belorussian SSR) executed in October 1937.d other exBelorussians. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937_mass_execution_of_Belarusians. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ^ Bukharin headed a list of 18 accused sentenced to death on 13 March 1938 at the third Moscow show trial (1938). Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet 'Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites'. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR.
- ^ The historian Robert Conquest first noted in Encounter magazine in November 1968 the coincidence of the death dates of a long list of former communist party officials and army officers shot on three separate days. The political figures are here listed first. The Red Army commanders and commissars follow in alphabetical order, starting with Alksnis, Belov, and Gaylit. That Stalin signed off a list of 139 names in a single day, July 26, suggests that he was becoming impatient with Yezhov. Conquest, Robert (1985). Inside Stalin's Secret Police, NKVD Politics 1936-39. Houndsmill: Macmillan. p. 72-73. ISBN 0-333-39260-4.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Zakovsky and Mironov were among several former NKVD officers executed on Yezhov's orders to silence them, after the announcement on 22 August that Beria was to take over as deputy head of the NKVD. Jansen, and Petrov. Stalin's Loyal Executioner. p. 151.
- ^ Yezhov headed a list of 346 men and women, including at least 60 former NKVD officers, and the writers Babel and Koltsov that Beria submitted to Stalin on 19 January 1940, proposing that they should all be shot. All of these executions were kept secret until after 1990. Jansen, and Petrov. Stalin's Loyal Executioner. p. 186.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Great Purge
- 1930s in the Soviet Union
- NKVD
- Joseph Stalin