December 7th (film)

December 7th is a 1943 propaganda film produced by the US Navy and directed by John Ford and Gregg Toland, about the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the event which sparked the Pacific War and American involvement in World War II. Toland was also the film's cinematographer.

Plot summary[]

Production background[]

The film begins with a chronological breakdown of the events of December 7, starting with the town of Honolulu gradually waking up and coming to life in the morning. A young private, Pvt. Lockhart, is credited with intercepting some vital information which his superiors dismiss; other sailors play baseball or attend religious services (where the chaplain immediately concludes the service with the statement, "Men, man your battle stations, and God bless you!").

Then, "like tiny locusts,” the Japanese planes start humming over the air above Oahu, and begin the now infamous attack on American military installations on the island, including the sinking of the Arizona, and the bombing of Hickam Field. All the while, back in Washington, Japanese diplomats are still talking with Secretary of State Cordell Hull.

An animated sequence is then shown, with radio towers over Japan, broadcasting a fictional speech by Prime Minister Hideki Tojo. The narrator contradicts most of the "facts" that the Japanese leader tells his listeners in Tokyo, Nagasaki and Otaru, and Kobe (the height of the radio towers shown is assumed to be proportional to the respective station's carrier power: 500 kW for Tokyo; 50 kW for Nagasaki and Otaru; and 10 kW for Kobe).

After the attack, Honolulu is not the same; the island is put under martial law, barbed wire and other protective barriers are set up in case of invasion and even children have to be evacuated and given gas masks. The film is notable for its sympathetic depiction of the Japanese in Hawaii, and the difficulties they subsequently had to go through.

Cast[]

• Walter Huston as Uncle Sam 'U.S.'
• Harry Davenport as Mr. 'C'
• Dana Andrews as Ghost of US Sailor Killed at Pearl Harbor
• Paul Hurst as World War I Ghost Soldier

Censorship[]

Started within days of the attack, the original film was 82 minutes long and asked some embarrassing questions, such as why there was no long-range reconnaissance and no short-range air patrols. Further, the film had a lot of time devoted to the culture of the 160,000 Japanese-Americans in Hawaii and their response to the attack. For these reasons the long version of the film was censored for decades and shorter versions released.^[1]

Awards[]

A shorter twenty minute version of the film won an Oscar at the 16th Academy Awards in 1944 for Best Documentary Short Subject.^[2]

See also[]

• List of Allied propaganda films of World War II

References[]

External links[]

• December 7th at IMDb
• December 7th at AllMovie
• December 7th at the TCM Movie Database
• December 7th is available for free download at the Internet Archive (32 min. version)
• December 7th (long version) on YouTube, posted by the National Archives and Records Administration
• December 7th (short version) on YouTube, posted by the National Archives and Records Administration
• Searching for John Ford by Joseph McBride (Univ. of Mississippi Press, 2011) - the filming and production of December 7th is discussed intermittently on pp. 348–386.