Delta Phi Epsilon (professional)

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This article is about the professional fraternity. For the social sorority, see Delta Phi Epsilon (social).
Delta Phi Epsilon
ΔΦΕ
Delta Phi Epsilon crest.png
FoundedJanuary 25, 1920; 101 years ago (January 25, 1920), Washington, D.C.
Georgetown University
TypeProfessional
AffiliationIndependent
EmphasisForeign service
ScopeNational
Mottoλατρεύω Latreuo
Greek: (I Serve)
ColorsBlack and Gold
FlowerMorning glory
Chapters5 active
Headquarters3401 Prospect Street, NW
PO Box 25401
Washington, D.C. 20007
USA
WebsiteOfficial website

Delta Phi Epsilon Foreign Service Fraternity (ΔΦΕ) is the largest national American professional foreign service fraternity. Founded on January 25, 1920, the fraternity's mission is to promote brotherhood among persons studying or engaged in Foreign Service. Its Alpha chapter went on in the first half of the twentieth century to colonize new chapters at many other universities throughout the country, although most chapters went defunct in the latter half of the century. The fraternity is proud of notable members in a variety of fields. As of 2021, there remained 10 active collegiate chapters, half of which were created in 2016-2018.

In 1973 Delta Phi Epsilon Foreign Service Sorority was founded, with its Alpha chapter at Georgetown University.

History[]

The fraternity was founded in the wake of World War I, in a time of increased U.S. interest in world politics and solving global issues with diplomacy. In 1919, Fr. Edmund A. Walsh, S.J. at Georgetown University founded the School of Foreign Service (SFS) and in 1924, the Rogers Act formed the basis of the United States Foreign Service. During this time, other groups with similar missions, such as the Council on Foreign Relations, were founded, along with international bodies such as the League of Nations.

The four founders of the fraternity were Alfred O. Arseneau, Wesley O. Ash, Samuel C. Bartlett, and T.J. Patrick O'Connell. At first three of them, all undergraduates in Georgetown's SFS living together on 10th Street, held in common only their experience in overseas military service and their interest in foreign service careers. Soon they met the fourth, Pat O'Connell, who thought of founding a foreign service fraternity independently. They were drawn together by their common vision for a professional foreign service fraternity for future graduates of the School of Foreign Service and others in the field. Later these men joined with seven other interested undergraduates (future brothers Sandager, Butts, Ash, MacKenzie, Brooks, Sullivan, Scott, and Bates) and signed the Articles of Agreement. After choosing a name and nominating officers, Delta Phi Epsilon Foreign Service Fraternity was formally founded at the Catholic Community House at 6th and E Streets, NW, on January 25, 1920. The group was incorporated in the District of Columbia on April 20, 1920.

Early expansion focused on both East and West Coast schools. After World War II, the fraternity saw even greater expansion into institutions across the United States. In 1956 the National Board of Directors created the Delta Phi Epsilon International Society of Business and Foreign Affairs, which was to be open to both men and women.[1] However, that society failed to develop,[2] and by the 1960s, the Fraternity itself began to see a decline in the number of its chapters.[3] In June 1972, Delta Phi Epsilon Foreign Service Sorority was founded, which for the next 30 years had but one chapter, Alpha, at Georgetown University. It held its first initiation at Alpha House of the Fraternity on February 24, 1973.[4]

During the 1970s most of the Fraternity's collegiate chapters went inactive, leaving only the original Alpha. This decline is attributed to two major factors: a national decline in professional fraternities and a negative perception generally of the foreign service. During the Vietnam War, foreign service was closely associated in many minds with contemporary U.S. foreign policy, which was protested against at many member institutions.[3] After some attempts during the 1990s, several of these defunct chapters were revived in the 2000s. The for 30 years only chapter of the foreign service sorority, Alpha, at Georgetown University, had also gone defunct, but was revived in 1990 after a ten year period of inactivity, and then revived again in 1998 after still another five year period of inactivity.[5] In the summer of 2003 the first reactivation of a dormant chapter, Epsilon chapter at UC Berkeley, occurred, along with installation there of a second chapter of the Sorority. In 2016, the first co-ed chapter, Delta chapter, was founded at USC by Jacob Lokshin and 11 other USC students.[6] This was soon followed by the creation of other chapters, including Pi, Psi, Chi, Eta, Gamma, and Mu.

In 2016, the Fraternity's National Convention endorsed a proposal for a joint Fraternity-Sorority member project to publish a peer-reviewed Delta Phi Epsilon Journal of Foreign Affairs, to operate a scholarship competition for students who had been initiated into Delta Phi Epsilon, and to hold an annual symposium promoting alumni and student international relations research. This project developed into the Delta Phi Epsilon Foreign Affairs Council, incorporated and recognized as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit educational organization in 2016.[7] The Council originally selected its own leaders from Delta Phi Epsilon members to support international relations education, promote public engagement in foreign policy, and provide career development tools to Delta Phi Epsilon brothers and sisters.[8]

Former U.S. President Herbert C. Hoover receives the DPE Honor Key on June 25, 1960, from DPE National President Leonard Sutter and DPE Southern California Alumni Association President Buel Williamson.

In July 2018, The Chronicle of Higher Education published several accounts of student and alumni Fraternity members and also of many many non-Fraternity members, accusing Terrence Boyle, the Fraternity's General Secretary, of sexism and bigotry.[9] Boyle has served as General Secretary for over 40 years. Within the article, and in a petition shortly following it, leaders from most fraternity chapters, along with many non-DPE Fraternity members, called for his resignation.[10][11] In August 2018, the Alpha chapter officers resigned after one of Georgetown University's student run newspapers published an opinion piece authored by presidents of Eta, Chi, and Pi chapters calling for Georgetown students to boycott Alpha chapter[12][13]

During its Biennial National Convention in June 1932 President Herbert Clark Hoover sent the delegates a congratulatory telegram.
Built in 1870 by merchant William E. Seymour, 3401 Prospect Street was home to Alpha chapter from 1940 to 2020. It is a contributing property to the Georgetown Historic District, a National Historic Landmark listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1967.

Alpha chapter has been the longest-lived collegiate chapter of Delta Phi Epsilon, and for decades was the only fraternal organization at Georgetown University with its own house. Its undergraduate officers all resigned in 2018, and the Chapter subsequently had just three successive one-person initiations over the succeeding 18 months. Then, in late February 2020, Alpha initiated the Chapter's 200th Line (10 initiates), just prior to the Fraternity's 100th Founders' Day Banquet.

3401 Prospect Street, NW, Washington, D.C.[]

There are several distinct and separate corporations that use the name Delta Phi Epsilon.

One is called Delta Phi Epsilon, Incorporated. This is the professional foreign service fraternity. It is a 501(c)(7) nonprofit corporation. This corporation is a member-based nonprofit corporation. This organization is rare, and perhaps unique, among American fraternal organizations in that its membership as a whole does not elect the members of its board of directors. The board is self-appointed. Sitting board members select replacements to fill board seats as seats become vacant.

A second and different corporation is called the Delta Phi Epsilon Foundation for Foreign Service Education. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit. The United States Internal Revenue Service granted the Foundation 501 (c)(3) status during the 1980s. The Foundation is not a member-based organization. The Foundation has no connection with or organizational relationship to the fraternity. As of December 2020, the Foundation may not have provided any tuition assistance or educational grants or other education support in years.

During the February 2020 annual meeting of Delta Phi Epsilon, Inc. initiates and members voted to sell 3401 Prospect Street, NW for as much money as possible.

In early June 2020, the Delta Phi Epsilon corporation's Treasurer, Terrence Boyle, transferred 3401 Prospect Street to the Delta Phi Epsilon Foundation for Foreign Service Education. It was a donation; Delta Phi Epsilon, Inc. received nothing in exchange. Mr. Boyle was the Treasurer for both of the corporations at the time of the transfer. Later in June 2020, the Foundation sold 3401 Prospect to a third party for $2.65 million.

Alpha's historic house purportedly had to be sold on June 22, 2020, because it was believed that Georgetown University implemented a rule requiring undergraduates to live on campus for four years. A new House might possibly be purchased by the Foundation, not the fraternity or the Delta Phi Epsilon corporation. It would be based on a club house model and would be owned by the Foundation. It would not be a boarding house and would not be owned by the Delta Phi Epsilon corporation, which had owned 3401 Prospect Street.

District of Columbia Attorney General Case[]

On June 3, 2021, the Attorney General of the District of Columbia filed a case against the Delta Phi Epsilon Foundation for Foreign Service Education and the Delta Phi Epsilon corporation, which had owned 3401 Prospect Street, NW. The Attorney General's complaint alleged that funds belonging to the Delta Phi Epsilon Foundation were used to help the Foundation's Treasurer buy a home in Georgetown (Washington, D.C.) [14] The District of Columbia Attorney General was Karl Racine.

Active chapters[]

Inactive chapters[]

Notable members[]

The Fraternity initiates Line Brothers, those who first pledge - almost invariably when they are students - and also National Brothers - mostly those already out of school - who only go through the required final initiation ritualistic ceremonies.

Delta Phi Epsilon's 1st House, in 1921
Delta Phi Epsilon's 1st House, in 1921, on Massachusetts Avenue, NW, in Washington, DC

The fraternity has had several notable Brothers as members.

Before each name below, an asterisk * indicates a Line Brother and a hash # a National Brother.

  • *Harry Sandager, Al-'20 (Charter Member); late former U.S. Representative from Rhode Island.[15]
  • *Walter J. Donnelly, Al-'20; late former U.S. Ambassador to Costa Rica, Venezuela and Austria.[16]
  • #William Smith Culbertson, Al-'20; late former U.S. Ambassador to Romania and Chile.
  • *Rufus B. von KleinSmid, De-'23; late former president of the American Association of Colleges and Universities; former president of the University of Arizona; former president and chancellor of the University of Southern California.[17]
  • *Edward B. Lawson, Al-'24; late former U.S. Ambassador to Iceland and Israel.[18]
  • *Raymond P. Ludden, Al-'28; late U.S. State Department China expert.
  • *Don C. Faith, Al-'38; Georgetown University's only Medal of Honor recipient (awarded posthumously).[19][20]
  • *Claude G. "Tony" Ross, De-'38; late former U.S. Ambassador to the Central African Republic, Haïti, and Tanzania.[21]
  • *Philip W. Manhard, De-'42; late Foreign Service Officer, held as a POW by the North Koreans and by the North Vietnamese. Later became U.S. Ambassador to Mauritius.[22]
  • #Roderic H. Davison, Et-'48; late Professor of Government at The George Washington University.[23]
  • #Walter I. "Jack" Giles, Al-'49; late government professor at Georgetown University.[24]
  • *Diego C. Asencio, Al-'50; late former U.S. Ambassador to Colombia and Brazil.[25]
  • #Walt Disney, De-'50; late film producer, director, screenwriter, voice actor, and animator.[26]
  • *Derek C. Bok, Ka-'50; former president of Harvard University and former Dean of Harvard Law School.[27]
  • #Robert A. Scalapino, Ep-'50; late Professor of Government Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.[28]
  • #Donald L. O'Toole, Al-'51; late former U.S. Representative from New York.[29]
  • #William F. Knowland, Al-'51; late former U.S. Senator from California, and Republican Party leader.[30]
  • #Paul M. A. Linebarger, Al-'53, late East Asia scholar; expert in psychological warfare.[31]
  • *Grady McMurtry, Ep-'54; late occultist and revivor of Ordo Templi Orientis.[32]
  • #Douglas MacArthur II; Al-'56, late former U.S. Ambassador to Japan, Belgium, Austria, and Iran.[33]
  • #Thaddeus M. Machrowicz, Al-'59; late former politician and judge from Michigan.[34]
  • *James F. Dobbins, Al-'60; former U.S. Ambassador to the European Union.[35]
  • *St. Clair Bourne, Al-'62; late documentary filmmaker.[36]
  • *Edward "Skip" Gnehm, Et-'64; former U.S. Ambassador to Kuwait, Australia, and Jordan.[37][38]
  • #Jan Kozielewski (Karski), Al-'64; late former Polish Underground WWII officer, Georgetown professor, and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient.[39][40]
  • #George R. Houston, Jr., Al-'64; late former accounting professor at Georgetown faculty and university treasurer. Went on to become President of Mount St. Mary's University.[41]
  • #Nicholas Onuf, Al-'67; Professor Emeritus of International Relations at Florida International University.[42]
  • #Abdul Aziz Said, Pi-'67; senior ranking professor of international relations in the School of International Service at The American University.[43]
  • *Kenneth W. Starr, Et-'67; former Solicitor General of the United States.[37]
  • #Jesse A. Mann, Al-'68; late former dean of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University 1968-1970.[44]
  • #Lev Dobriansky, Al-'68; late former U.S. Ambassador to the Bahamas, Georgetown professor, and anti-communist advocate.[45]
  • #Ibrahim Oweiss, Al-'68; Professor of Economics Emeritus at Georgetown University.[46]
  • *Robert Barr, De-'70; former federal prosecutor and a former U.S. Representative.[47]*
  • #Thomas J. Dodd, Jr., Al-'72; former U.S. Ambassador to Uruguay and Costa Rica.[48]
  • *Mark von Hagen, Al-'72; late professor of history in the Arizona State University School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies.[49]
  • *Franklin L. Lavin, Al-'75; former U.S. Ambassador to Singapore.[50]
  • *Eric G. John, Al-'78; former U.S. Ambassador to Thailand and former senior advisor for Security Negotiations and Agreements in the Department of State’s Bureau of Political-Military Affairs.[51]
  • *Christopher R. Reich, Al-'79; New York Times Bestselling author.[52]
  • Mitchell R. Chitwood, Al-81, Brig. General, U.S. Army Reserve. Worked on human rights issues in Afghanistan.[53]
  • #George L. Sherry (Shershevsky), Om-'89; late former U.S. United Nations official and professor at Occidental College.[54]
  • #Evan G. Galbraith, Al-'94; late former U.S. Ambassador to France.[55]
  • #Earl C. Ravenal, Al-'94; late former distinguished senior fellow in foreign policy studies and Professor in Foreign Service Emeritus at Georgetown University.[56]
  • #Michael R. Czinkota, Al-'96; Georgetown professor, author; former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce in the U.S. Department of Commerce.[57]
  • #John Wood, Al-'96; Chancellor of the University of Canterbury; former Deputy Secretary of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand; and former two-term Ambassador to the United States.
  • #Aurel Munteanu, Al-'98; late former Romanian Foreign Minister and Ambassador to the U.S.[58]
  • *Evan Kohlmann, Al-'98; private sector international counter-terrorism consultant.[59]
  • #Phillip Karber, Al-'03; former Ford executive, who also served as Special Advisor to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher[60]
  • #Charles A. Coulombe, Al-'04; American Catholic historian, author, journalist, and lecturer.[61]
  • #Thomas M. King, S.J., Al-'05; late professor of theology at Georgetown University.[62]
  • #Howard B. Schaffer, Al-'05; late former U.S. Ambassador to Bangladesh and twice Deputy Assistant Secretary of State.[63]
  • #H. Allen Holmes, Al-'07; former U.S. Ambassador to Portugal.[64]
  • #Samuel Potolicchio, Al-'15; Director of Global and Custom Education at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University.[65]

References[]

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External links[]

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