Demetrios Ypsilantis
Dimitrios Ypsilantis | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Spyridon Prosalentis. | |
| Native name | Δημήτριος Υψηλάντης (Greek) Dumitru Ipsilanti (Romanian) |
| Born | 1793 Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now Istanbul, Republic of Turkey) |
| Died | 16 August 1832 Nafplion, First Hellenic Republic |
| Allegiance |  Russian Empire First Hellenic Republic |
| Service/ |  Imperial Russian Army Filiki Etaireia Greek Revolutionary Army Hellenic Army |
| Years of service | 1814–1832 |
| Commands held | General of the First Hellenic Republic |
| Battles/wars | War of the Sixth Coalition Greek War of Independence
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| Relations | Alexandros Ypsilantis (grandfather) Constantine Ypsilantis (father) Alexandros Ypsilantis (brother) Manto Mavrogenous (mistress) |
| Signature |  |
Demetrios Ypsilantis (alternatively spelled Demetrius Ypsilanti; Greek: Δημήτριος Υψηλάντης, pronounced [ðiˈmitri.os ipsiˈla(n)dis]; Romanian: Dumitru Ipsilanti; 1793 – August 16, 1832) was a member of the prominent Phanariot Greek family Ypsilantis, dragomans of the Ottoman Empire. He served as an officer in the Imperial Russian Army and played an important role in the Greek War of Independence. Ypsilantis was the brother of Alexander Ypsilantis, leader of Filiki Eteria.
Early life[]
A member of an important Phanariote family, he was the second son of Prince Constantine Ypsilantis of Moldavia. He was sent to France where he was educated at a French military school.
Union of Moldavia and Wallachia[]
He distinguished himself as a Russian officer in the campaign of 1814.[1]
In 1821 he took part in the Wallachian uprising under the leadership of his brother Alexandros, that indirectly benefited the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia.[2]
The Greek War of Independence[]
After the failure of the uprising in Wallachia, he went to the Morea (Peloponessus), where the Greek War of Independence had just broken out, as representative of Filiki Etaireia and his brother.
He was one of the most conspicuous of the Phanariote leaders during the early stages of the revolt, though he was much hampered by the local chiefs and by the civilian element headed by Alexandros Mavrokordatos;[1] as a result the organisation of a regular army was slowed and operations were limited.[3] He took part in the sieges of Tripolitsa, Nafplion and the Battle of Dervenakia, securing the Greek dominion in Morea.
On 15 January 1822, he was elected president of the legislative assembly. However, due to the failure of his campaign in central Greece, and his failure to obtain a commanding position in the national convention of Astros, he was compelled to retire in 1823.[4] After the landing of Ibrahim at Morea, he took part in the defence of Naplion in the Battle of the Lerna Mills.
In 1828, he was appointed in the new established regular army by Ioannis Kapodistrias as commander of the troops in eastern Greece. On 25 September 1829, he successfully compelled Aslan Bey to capitulate at the Pass of Petra (Battle of Petra), thus ending the active operations of the war.[4]
Personal life[]
He was known for an affair with Manto Mavrogenous, who was a Greek heroine of the Greek War of Independence.
Death[]
He died due to illness in Nafplion, Greece on August 16, 1832.
Legacy[]
- The city of Ypsilanti, Michigan in the United States; founded in 1823, during the Greek struggle for independence; is named after him.[5] A bust of Demetrios Ypsilanti stands between American and Greek flags at the base of the landmark Ypsilanti Water Tower.
- Ypsilanti, North Dakota, USA was named by a person from Ypsilanti, Michigan, and is thus also indirectly named after Demetrios Ypsilanti.
- Ypsilanti in Talbot County, Georgia, USA was once a relatively important cotton growing centre but “is now (2010) merely a crossroads with a reported five residences."[6]
See also[]
- Alexander Ypsilantis (1725-1805), grandfather
- Constantine Ypsilantis, father
- Alexander Ypsilantis (1792-1828), brother
- Manto Mavrogenous, fiancée and love of his life
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ypsilanti s.v. Demetrios Ypsilanti". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 942.
- ^ East, The Union of Moldavia and Wallachia, 1859, p. 8.
- ^ John S. Koliopoulos, Brigands with a Cause - Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece 1821-1912, Clarendon Press Oxford (1987), p. 68.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Scriba, Jay (15 October 1970). "From Sleepy Eye to Chicken Bristle, USA". The Milwaukee Journal. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
- ^ "Ypsilanti's Yonder - Ypsilanti Gleanings". Retrieved 27 August 2016.
Sources[]
- East, The Union of Moldavia and Wallachia, 1859 - An Episode in Diplomatic History, Thirlwall Prize Essay for 1927, Cambridge University Press (1929).
External links[]
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- 1793 births
- 1832 deaths
- 19th-century heads of state of Greece
- 19th-century prime ministers of Greece
- Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece
- Members of the Filiki Eteria
- Members of Sacred Band (1821)
- Greek generals
- Hellenic Army generals
- Ypsilantis family
- Greek military leaders of the Greek War of Independence
- Russian military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
- Phanariotes
- Constantinopolitan Greeks
- Speakers of the Hellenic Parliament