Denotation

Denotation is a translation of a sign to its meaning, precisely to its literal meaning, and includes every single thing that the meaning could refer to.^[1] Denotation is sometimes contrasted to connotation, which includes associated meanings. The denotational meaning of a word is perceived through visible concepts, whereas connotational meaning evokes sensible attitudes towards the phenomena.^[2] Denotation should not be confused with reference. ^[1]

In semiotics[]

In logic, linguistics and semiotics, the denotation of a word or phrase is a part of its meaning; however, the part referred to varies by context:

In grammar^{[citation needed]} and literary theory, the literal meaning or "dictionary definition" of a term, devoid of emotion, attitude, and color.
In semiotics, the surface or literal meaning of a signifier.
In logic, formal semantics and parts of linguistics, the extension of a term.

In other fields[]

In computer science, denotational semantics is contrasted with operational semantics.
In media studies terminology, denotation is an example of the first level of analysis: what the audience can visually see on a page. Denotation often refers to something literal, and avoids being a metaphor. Here it is usually coupled with connotation which is the second level of analysis, being what the denotation represents.

Examples[]

The denotation of this example is a red rose with a green stem. The connotation is that it is a symbol of passion and love – this is what the rose represents.

The denotation is a brown cross. The connotation is a symbol of Christianity.

The denotation is a representation of a cartoon heart. The connotation is a symbol of love and affection.

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Trask, R. L. (2007). Language and linguistics : the key concepts. Peter Stockwell (Second ed.). Abingdon [England]. ISBN 978-0-415-41358-9. OCLC 75087994.
^ John Lyons, Semantics, Cambridge University Press, 1996-2009 (2 vol.)

External links[]

[:0-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b Trask, R. L. (2007). Language and linguistics : the key concepts. Peter Stockwell (Second ed.). Abingdon [England]. ISBN 978-0-415-41358-9. OCLC 75087994.

[2] John Lyons, Semantics, Cambridge University Press, 1996-2009 (2 vol.)

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