Dhaydan bin Hithlain

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Dhaydan bin Khalid bin Hizam bin Hithlain
Dhaidan ibn Hathlin.png
Dhaidan (in the middle) with fellow tribesmen
DiedMay 1929
AllegianceFlag of the Second Saudi State.svg Emirate of Riyadh (1910–1921)
Flag of Nejd (1921).svg Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1926)
Ikhwan (1927–1929)
Service/branch Ikhwan
Years of service1914–1929
Battles/warsUnification of Saudi Arabia
RelationsFaisal Al Duwaish (nephew)

Dhaydan bin Hithlain (died May 1929) was one of the leaders of the Ajman tribe and Amir of the hijrah (settlement) of Al Sarrar.[1] His full name was Dhaydan bin Khalid bin Hizam bin Hithlain.[1] Alexei Vassiliev also calls him Zaidan.[2]

Biography[]

The mother of Faisal Al Duwaish, another tribe leader and one of the significant Ikhwan chiefs, was the sister of Dhaydan bin Hithlain.[1] When Ibn Saud captured the base of the Al Ajman tribe, Al Ahsa, in 1913, the tribe resisted the Saudi forces due to the termination of their privileges granted to them by the Ottomans.[3] However, after the disputes with Ibn Saud were settled, Dhaydan joined the Ikhwan movement in 1919.[4][5] Soon he appeared to be one of major Ikhwan leaders in addition to Faisal Al Duwaish, Sultan bin Bajad Al Otaibi and Muhsin Al Firm.[6][7] However, Dhaydan and Muhsin Al Firm were relatively minor Ikhwan figures in contrast to Faisal Al Duwaish and Sultan Al Otaibi.[6] In 1915 the forces of the Ajman tribe led by Dhaydan bin Hithlain did not manage to defeat Al Rashid troops in the battle of Jarrab.[2]

In 1926 the Ikhwan leaders made a pact to contribute one another against Abdulaziz if he would attack one of them.[8][9] They also shared the regions among themselves, and Dhaydan bin Hitlain assumed the responsibility of Al Ahsa region.[7] In a meeting led by Ibn Saud in October 1928 Dhaydan bin Hithlain and others were removed from their posts in the Ikhwan movement due to their challenge against Ibn Saud's rule.[10] In addition, they were declared by Ibn Saud as rebels on the same date.[11] On 30 March 1929 other Ikhwan leaders rebelled against Ibn Saud due to the latter's activities and fought against him in the battle of Sabilla.[12] Ibn Saud won the battle, and the Ikhwan leaders were arrested or perished.[4] Dhaydan bin Hithlain did not openly confront with Ibn Saud during and following the battle[1] and sent him a letter expressing his loyalty.[13] However, Dhaydan bin Hithlain covertly supported the Ikhwan forces in the battle, and his forces did not take part in the battle.[14]

After the battle Dhaydan bin Hithlain remained in Al Ahsa.[14] In May 1929 he was invited to the camp of Fahd bin Abdullah, son of Abdullah bin Jiluwi who was the governor of Al Ahsa province.[1][4] He and his five companions were murdered by Fahd who was in turn killed by the members of the Ajman tribe.[2][12] Dhaydan's son, Rakan, and Nayef bin Hithlain succeeded Dhaydan as the leaders of the Ajman tribe.[15][16]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e Talal Sha'yfan Muslat Al Azma' (July 1999). The Role of the Ikhwan under 'Abdul Aziz Al Sa'ud 1916-1934 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Durham. pp. 106, 195.
  2. ^ a b c Alexei Vassiliev (1 March 2013). King Faisal: Personality, Faith and Times. Saqi. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-86356-761-2.
  3. ^ Khalid Abdullah Krairi (October 2016). John Philby and his political roles in the Arabian Peninsula, 1917-1953 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham. pp. 131, 250.
  4. ^ a b c Rayed Khalid Krymli (1993). The political economy of rentier states: A case study of Saudi Arabia in the oil era, 1950-1990 (PhD thesis). The George Washington University. pp. 125, 131. ProQuest 304080655.
  5. ^ Sebastiano Andreotti (2013). "The Ikhwan Movement and Its Role in Saudi Arabia's State-Building". In Kenneth Christie; Mohammad Masad (eds.). State Formation and Identity in the Middle East and North Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-349-47503-2.
  6. ^ a b John S. Habib (1970). The Ikhwan Movement of Najd: Its Rise, Development, and Decline (PhD thesis). University of Michigan. p. 135. ProQuest 288186259.
  7. ^ a b Nabil Mouline (2014). The Clerics of Islam. Religious Authority and Political Power in Saudi Arabia. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. pp. 102, 105. doi:10.12987/yale/9780300178906.001.0001. ISBN 9780300178906.
  8. ^ Christine Helms (26 July 2020). The Cohesion of Saudi Arabia: Evolution of Political Identity. Taylor & Francis. p. 307. ISBN 978-1-00-011293-1.
  9. ^ H.V.F. Winstone; Zahra Freeth (18 August 2017). Kuwait: Prospect and Reality. Taylor & Francis. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-351-66983-2.
  10. ^ "Ikhwān". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  11. ^ Harold Courtenay Armstrong (2001). Lord of Arabia: Ibn Saud: An Intimate Study of a King (PDF). Simon Publications. p. 228. ISBN 9781931541282. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2019.
  12. ^ a b Nadav Safran (6 August 2018). Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security. Cornell University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-5017-1855-7.
  13. ^ "Al Ajman History (Part Three)" (in Arabic). Al Ajman Website. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  14. ^ a b Hassan S. Abedin. Abdulaziz Al Saud and the Great Game in Arabia, 1896-1946 (PDF) (PhD thesis). King's College London. p. 193.
  15. ^ Joseph Kostiner (July 1985). "On Instruments and Their Designers: The Ikhwan of Najd and the Emergence of the Saudi State". Middle Eastern Studies. 21 (3): 315. doi:10.1080/00263208508700631.
  16. ^ Mohammed Suleiman Al Haddad (1981). The Effect of Detribalization and Sedentarization on the Socio-Economic Structure of the Tribes of the Arabian Peninsula: Ajman Tribe as a Case Study (PhD thesis). University of Kansas. p. 168. ProQuest 303145966.

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