Dichanthelium

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Dichanthelium
Dichanthelium scoparium 1120325-2.jpg
Dichanthelium scoparium
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Panicodae
Tribe: Paniceae
Subtribe:
Genus: Dichanthelium
(Hitchc. & Chase)

Dichanthelium is genus of flowering plants of the grass family, Poaceae. They are known commonly as rosette grasses and panicgrasses.[1]

Taxonomy[]

Formerly a subgenus of the genus Panicum, Dichanthelium was elevated to genus status in 1974.[2] Its species are still treated as members of Panicum by some authorities, because the two genera are very similar in form.[3] Molecular data supports the recognition of Dichanthelium as a separate genus.[3]

The name Dichanthelium originates from the Greek for "twice-flowering", in reference to the vernal and autumnal growth phases.[4]

Description[]

These are perennial grasses, sometimes with rhizomes. The grasses may overwinter as rosettes of short, wide leaves and then produce longer, wider leaves on the stem during spring. They produce hollow stems a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are upright to erect when new, then sometimes sprawling, spreading, and bending as the season progresses. The upper stems may have a few main branches that divide into smaller branches bearing panicles. There are primary panicles, which may be chasmogamous, and secondary panicles, which are often cleistogamous. The spikelets are roughly 1 to 5 millimeters long and lack awns.[3]

In the Chicago area, Dichanthelium is considered the most emblematic genus of the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plain disjunct habitat found in that region.[4][5]

Species[]

There are about 72 species in the genus.[3] Species include:[1][3][6][7]

Dichanthelium leibergii
Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon
Dichanthelium acuminatum ssp. sericeum
  • (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – needleleaf rosette grass, narrow-leaved panicgrass
  • Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould &C.A. Clark – tapered rosette grass, hotsprings rosette grass, hairy panicgrass
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Swallen) Zuloaga
  • (Scribn.) Gould
  • (Elliott) Gould
  • (Ashe) LeBlond
  • (Renvoize) Zuloaga
  • (Nash) Freckmann – northern panicgrass
  • (Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – Bosc's panicgrass
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Hack. ex Hitchc.) Correll
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Trin.) Freckmann & Lelong – small-seeded panicgrass
  • Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould – deertongue
  • (Scribn.) Freckmann
  • (Ashe) Freckmann
  • (Schult.) Gould – variable panicgrass
  • (Renvoize) Zuloaga
  • (Skottsb.) C.A.Clark & Gould
  • (E.Fourn.) Davidse
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Renvoize) Zuloaga
  • (Reichardt) C.A.Clark & Gould – tussock panicgrass
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Muhl.) Gould – starved panicgrass
  • (L.) Gould – cypress panicgrass, forked panicgrass
  • (Baldwin ex Elliott) Gould – sword-leaf panicgrass
  • (Hitchc.) C.A. Clark & Gould
  • (Hitchc.) Harvill
  • (Trin.) Zuloaga
  • (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Hitchc.) C.A.Clark & Gould – bog rosette grass
  • Dichanthelium hirstii (Swallen) Kartesz – Hirst's panicgrass
  • (Scribn.) Kerguélen
  • (Munro ex Hillebrand) C.A.Clark & Gould – Maui rosette grass
  • (Swallen) Zuloaga
  • (Vasey) Mohlenbr.
  • (H.St.John & Hosaka) C.A.Clark & Gould – Koolau rosette grass
  • Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould
  • (L.) Harvill – broadleaf rosette grass
  • (Lam.) Gould – openflower rosette grass, soft-tufted panicgrass
  • Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann – Leiberg's rosette grass
  • (Trin.) Gould & C.A.Clark
  • Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould
  • (Scribn.) Gould – slimleaf rosette grass, linear-leaved panicgrass
  • (Ashe) LeBlond
  • Gould
  • (Nash) Gould – softleaf rosette grass
  • (Ashe) Mohlenbr.
  • (Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr.
  • (Lam.) Mohlenbr.
  • (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould – Sarita rosette grass
  • (Vasey) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin – naked-stemmed panicgrass
  • Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould – Heller's rosette grass, fewanther obscuregrass, few-flowered panicgrass
  • Dichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – eggleaf rosette grass, stiff-leaved panicgrass
  • (Hack.) Davidse
  • (Vasey) Gould – cedar rosette grass, corm-based panicgrass
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Nash) Freckmann – long-stalked panicgrass
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Schult.) Mohlenbr. – many-flowered panicgrass
  • (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin – blunt-glumed panicgrass
  • (Tutin) Davidse
  • (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould – Ravenel's rosette grass
  • (Lam.) Gould & C.A.Clark – hemlock rosette grass
  • Dichanthelium scabriusculum (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – woolly rosette grass, tall-swamp panicgrass
  • (Trin.) Davidse
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Davidse
  • (Ashe) Mohlenbr.
  • Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould – velvet panicum
  • (Nash) Gould
  • (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould – roundseed panicgrass, round-fruited panicgrass
  • (Nash) LeBlond
  • (Trin.) Zuloaga
  • (Renvoize) Zuloaga
  • (Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann – roughhair rosette grass, cushion-tuft panicgrass
  • (Hack.) Zuloaga
  • (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga
  • (Swallen) Zuloaga
  • (Swallen) Davidse
  • (Scribn.) Gould
  • (Vasey) Freckmann – fall rosette grass, Wilcox's panicgrass
  • Kunth
  • Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann – slender rosette grass, pale panicgrass
  • (Ashe) Mohlenbr.

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Dichanthelium. USDA PLANTS.
  2. ^ Gould, F. W. (1974). "Nomenclatural changes in the Poaceae". Brittonia. 26 (1): 59–60. doi:10.2307/2805920.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Freckmann, R. W. and M. G. Lelong. Dichanthelium. The Grass Manual. Flora of North America. Archived 2012-11-06 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  5. ^ Reznicek, A. A. (1994). "The disjunct coastal plain flora in the Great Lakes region". Biological Conservation. 68 (3): 203–215. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)90408-1. hdl:2027.42/31904. S2CID 41660892.
  6. ^ Dichanthelium. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  7. ^ GRIN Species Records of Dichanthelium. Archived 2009-05-08 at the Wayback Machine Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
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