Diglyme

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Diglyme
Skeletal formula of diglyme
Space-filling model of the diglyme molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1-Methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane[1]
Other names
Diglyme
2-Methoxyethyl ether
Di(2-methoxyethyl) ether
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1736101
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.568 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-924-4
26843
RTECS number
  • KN3339000
UNII
UN number 2252 1993
  • InChI=1S/C6H14O3/c1-7-3-5-9-6-4-8-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C6H14O3/c1-7-3-5-9-6-4-8-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3
    Key: SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYAG
  • COCCOCCOC
Properties
C6H14O3
Molar mass 134.175 g·mol−1
Density 0.937 g/mL
Melting point −64 °C (−83 °F; 209 K)
Boiling point 162 °C (324 °F; 435 K)
miscible
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS08: Health hazard
Signal word
 Danger
H226, H360
P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P281, P303+P361+P353, P308+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501
Flash point 57 °C (135 °F; 330 K)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Diglyme, or bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, is a solvent with a high boiling point. It is an organic compound which is the dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol. (The name "diglyme" is a portmanteau of "diglycol methyl ether.") It is a colorless liquid with a slight ether-like odor. It is miscible with water as well as organic solvents.

It is prepared by a reaction of dimethyl ether and ethylene oxide over an acid catalyst.[2]

Solvent[]

Structure of [Na(diglyme)2]+ as found in its salt with the fluorenyl anion.[3]

Because of its resiliance to strong bases, diglyme is favored as a solvent for reactions of alkali metal reagents even at high temperatures. Rate enhancements in reactions involving organometallic reagents, such as Grignard reactions or metal hydride reductions, have been observed when using diglyme as a solvent.[4][5]

Diglyme is also used as a solvent in hydroboration reactions with diborane.[6][7]

It serves as a chelate for alkali metal cations, leaving anions more active.

Safety[]

The European Chemicals Agency lists diglyme as a Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) as a Reproductive Toxin.[8]

At higher temperatures and in the presence of active metals diglyme is known to decompose, which can produce large amounts of gas and heat.[9] This decomposition led to the T2 Laboratories reactor explosion in 2007.[10]

References[]

  1. ^ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 704. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  2. ^ Siegfried Rebsdat; Dieter Mayer. "Ethylene Glycol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_101.
  3. ^ S. Neander, J. Kornich, F. Olbrich (2002). "Novel Fluorenyl Alkali Metal DIGLYME Complexes: Synthesis and Solid State Structures". J. Organomet. Chem. 656 (1–2): 89. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(02)01563-2.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  4. ^ J. E. Ellis, A. Davison (1976). "Tris[Bis(2-Methoxyethyl)Ether]Potassium and Tetraphenylarsonium Hexacarbonylmetallates(1-) of Niobium and Tantalum". Tris[Bis(2-Methoxyethyl)Ether]Potassium and Tetraphenylarsonium Hexacarbonylmetallates(1–) of Niobium and Tantalum. Inorg. Synth. Inorganic Syntheses. 16. pp. 68–73. doi:10.1002/9780470132470.ch21. ISBN 9780470132470.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  5. ^ J. E. Siggins, A. A. Larsen, J. H. Ackerman, C. D. Carabateas (1973). "3,5-Dinitrobenzaldehyde". Organic Syntheses. 53: 52. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.053.0052.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  6. ^ Michael W. Rathke, Alan A. Millard (1978). "Boranes in Functionalization of Olefins to Amines: 3-Pinanamine". Organic Syntheses. 58: 32. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.058.0032.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  7. ^ Ei-ichi Negishi, Herbert C. Brown (1983). "Perhydro-9b-Boraphenalene and Perhydro-9b-Phenalenol". Organic Syntheses. 61: 103. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.061.0103.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  8. ^ "Inclusion of Substances of Very High Concern in the Candidate List (Decision of the European Chemicals Agency)". 19 Dec 2011.
  9. ^ Pitt, Martin J. (July 12, 2010). "Chemical Safety: Dangers Of Diglyme". cen.acs.org. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  10. ^ Willey, Ronald J.; Fogler, H. Scott; Cutlip, Michael B. (March 2011). "The integration of process safety into a chemical reaction engineering course: Kinetic modeling of the T2 incident". Process Safety Progress. 30 (1): 39–44. doi:10.1002/prs.10431. hdl:2027.42/83180. S2CID 109207593.
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