Don Coryell

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Don Coryell
Don Coryell.jpg
Coryell, c. 1970
Biographical details
Born(1924-10-17)October 17, 1924
Seattle, Washington
DiedJuly 1, 2010(2010-07-01) (aged 85)
La Mesa, California[1]
Playing career
1949Washington
Position(s)Halfback
Coaching career (HC unless noted)
1950Washington (assistant)
1951Punahou (HI) (assistant)
1952Farrington HS (HI)
1953–1954UBC
1955Wenatchee Valley College
1956Fort Ord
1957–1959Whittier
1960USC (assistant)
1961–1972San Diego State
1973–1977St. Louis Cardinals
1978–1986San Diego Chargers
Head coaching record
Overall127–24–3 (college)
114–89–1 (NFL)
Tournaments3–6 (NFL playoffs)
Accomplishments and honors
Championships
3 NCAA College Division (1966–1968)
3 SCIAC (1957–1959)
3 CCAA (1962, 1966–1967)
3 PCAA (1969–1970, 1972)
Awards
Los Angeles Chargers Hall of Fame
San Diego Chargers 40th Anniversary Team
San Diego Chargers 50th Anniversary Team
College Football Hall of Fame
Inducted in 1999 (profile)

Donald David Coryell (October 17, 1924 – July 1, 2010) was an American football coach, who coached in the National Football League (NFL) first with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1973 to 1977 and then the San Diego Chargers (now the Los Angeles Chargers) from 1978 to 1986. He was well known for his innovations to football's passing offense. Coryell's offense was commonly known as "Air Coryell". Coryell was the first coach ever to win more than 100 games at both the collegiate and professional level. He was inducted into the San Diego Chargers Hall of Fame in 1986. Coryell is a member of the College Football Hall of Fame. The Professional Football Researchers Association named Coryell to the PFRA Hall of Very Good Class of 2010.[2]

Early career[]

Don Coryell enlisted in the United States Army in 1943 and spent 3½ years as a paratrooper.[3] He played as a halfback at the University of Washington, lettering in 1949. Coryell earned his bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Washington.[4] He was a high school coach in Hawaii, where his teams ran a version of the I formation running game.[5] Coryell also coached at the University of British Columbia (where he compiled a 2 win, 16 loss record),[6] Wenatchee Valley College, and a military team at Fort Ord.[3] As head coach at Whittier College from 1957 to 1959, Whittier won conference championships in each of Coryell's three years.[7] He would also rely on the I formation at Whittier.[3][5] In 1960, he was an assistant coach under John McKay for the USC Trojans, where the I formation would be its signature offense for decades.[5] While the origin of the I formation is unclear, Coryell was one of its pioneers.[3]

San Diego State University[]

Coryell coached 12 seasons with the San Diego State University Aztecs, using the philosophy of recruiting only junior college players. There, he compiled a record of 104 wins, 19 losses and 2 ties including three undefeated seasons in 1966, 1968 and 1969. His teams enjoyed winning streaks of 31 and 25 games, and won three bowl games during his tenure.[8] Coryell helped lead SDSU from an NCAA Division II to an NCAA Division I program in 1969.[8]

It was at SDSU that Coryell began to emphasize a passing offense. Coryell recounted, "We could only recruit a limited number of runners and linemen against schools like USC and UCLA. And there were a lot of kids in Southern California passing and catching the ball. There seemed to be a deeper supply of quarterbacks and receivers. And the passing game was also open to some new ideas.[5]" Coryell adds, "Finally we decided it's crazy that we can win games by throwing the ball without the best personnel. So we threw the hell out of the ball and won some games. When we started doing that, we were like 55–5–1."[9]

John Madden served as Coryell's defensive assistant at SDSU. Madden had first met Coryell attending a coaching clinic on the I formation led by McKay.[9] "We'd go to these clinics, and afterward, everyone would run up to talk to McKay", said Madden. "Coryell was there because he introduced (McKay). I was thinking, 'If (McKay) learned from him, I'll go talk to (Coryell).' [9]"

At San Diego State, Coryell helped develop a number of quarterbacks for the NFL, including Don Horn, Jesse Freitas, Dennis Shaw and future NFL MVP Brian Sipe. Wide receivers who went on to the NFL include Isaac Curtis, Gary Garrison, and Haven Moses.[10] Coryell also coached two players who later became actors: Fred Dryer and Carl Weathers.

St. Louis Cardinals[]

The Cardinals under Coryell had three consecutive seasons (1974–1976) with double-digit victories and won two consecutive division titles (1974–1975). Those were the only division titles the Cardinals ever won while in St. Louis. Prior to 1974, the Cardinals had not been in the playoffs in 26 years since 1948 when they were the Chicago Cardinals. In 1975, the "Cardiac Cardinals" won seven times in the game's last minute.[11] Multi-purpose back Terry Metcalf set an NFL all-purpose yards record at the time in 1975. When St. Louis did not re-sign Metcalf and he left for the Canadian Football League after 1977, Coryell departed also.[11]

Dan Dierdorf developed into an All-Pro offensive lineman under Coryell and would later be voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Cornerback Roger Wehrli and tight end Jackie Smith were already established All-Pros prior to Coryell's tenure at St. Louis, and they are also members of the Hall of Fame.

The 1974 Cardinals started the season 7–0. They would not start a season as well as 4–0 until 2012, the franchise's 25th in Arizona.

San Diego Chargers[]

Coryell was hired as the San Diego Chargers' head coach on September 25, 1978, the same day as the infamous PSA Flight 182 crash in San Diego.[12] When Don Coryell began coaching the team, the Chargers had a win-loss record of 1–4 for that season. The team broke their losing streak with eight additional wins and three losses that season after Coryell became head coach.[13] The Chargers 9–7 record was their first winning season since 1969.[14]

He won three straight division titles (1979, 1980, 1981) with the Chargers, reaching the playoffs four consecutive times. Previously, the Chargers had not been to the playoffs since 1965. With Dan Fouts as quarterback, San Diego's "Air Coryell" was among the greatest passing offenses in NFL history. The Chargers led the league in passing yards an NFL record six consecutive years from 1978 to 1983 [15] and again in 1985. They also led the league in total yards in offense in 1980–1983 and 1985. The Pro Football Hall of Fame called Coryell's offenses "one of the most explosive and exciting offenses that ever set foot on an NFL field."[16] Fouts, wide receiver Charlie Joiner, and tight end Kellen Winslow would all be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame from those Charger teams.

The Chargers in 1979 were the first AFC Western Division champion to run more passing plays (541) than rushing (481).[17] That season, Fouts was only the 2nd player to pass for 4,000 yards in a season—throwing an NFL record 4,082—before extending his own record for total passing yards in a season in 1980 and again in 1981. In a nine-game strike-shortened 1982 season, Fouts averaged 320 yards passing per game, an NFL record that stood until Drew Brees averaged 342 in 2011.[18][19] With Winslow, Coryell redefined the tight end position into a deep, pass-catching threat too fast for a linebacker and too big for a defensive back. Coryell was astute to realize that "If we're asking Kellen to block a defensive end and not catch passes, I'm not a very good coach."[20]

In San Diego, Coryell groomed another set of all-purpose backs in James Brooks and later Lionel James, a mere 5′6″ and 171 pound running back, who broke Metcalf's record in 1985 while also setting a record of 1,027 receiving yards by a running back.[21] A rookie in 1978, John Jefferson went on to become the first receiver in league history to gain 1,000 yards in each of his first three seasons while also grabbing 36 touchdowns. Traded away from the Chargers by ownership because of a contract dispute, Jefferson never reached 1,000 yards again in his career. Wes Chandler was acquired to replace Jefferson. In the 1982 strike year, Chandler, set the record of 129 yards receiving per game that is still an NFL record.[22]

Detractors of Coryell point to the Chargers' defensive shortcomings given that his defenses were in the bottom five league-wide in points allowed from 1981 to 1986.[23][24] However, in 1979, the Chargers allowed the fewest points (246) in the AFC. In 1980 their defense led the NFL with 60 sacks spearheaded by a frontline of All-Pros in Fred Dean, Gary "Big Hands" Johnson, and Louie Kelcher. The group was nicknamed the "Bruise Brothers".[25][26] However, in 1981, Dean, like Jefferson, was traded away due to a contract dispute with ownership. Dean contends he was making the same amount of money as his brother-in-law who was a truck driver.[27] The Chargers' defense would never be the same afterwards as it surrendered the most passing yards in the NFL in both 1981[28] and 1982.[29] Meanwhile, Dean would go on in the same year to win UPI NFC Defensive Player of the Year (while playing in only 11 games) and help lead the San Francisco 49ers to a Super Bowl that year and again in 1984. Dean was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2008.

"I can't say how much it affected us, because we did make it to the AFC championship game", said Johnson of the loss of Dean. "But I could say if we had more pass rush from the corner, it might've been different."[30] U-T San Diego in 2013 called the trade "perhaps the biggest blunder in [Chargers'] franchise history."[31]

Tom Bass, who was a defensive coordinator for Coryell with both SDSU and the Chargers, said Coryell focused on offense during practice. He left the coaching of defensive players and the defensive game plan to Bass."In planning and designing defense, he simply had no interest", said Bass.[32]

Hall of Fame consideration[]

Coryell led the Cardinals and Chargers to five division titles, and the Chargers led the league in passing in seven of eight years,[33] finishing second in 1984.[24] However, his failure to lead his teams to a Super Bowl has presumably kept him out of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.[34] Voters have cited his 3–6 postseason record as further evidence.[35] His teams' defenses were not as strong as its offenses, which could be attributed to the offensive unit scoring quickly and not providing the defensive side sufficient rest.[36] Tony Dungy, a Super Bowl head coach, says that "If you talk about impact on the game, training other coaches -- John Madden, Bill Walsh, Joe Gibbs to name a few -- and influencing how things are done, Don Coryell is probably right up there with Paul Brown. He was a genius."[34] Sports Illustrated writer Jim Trotter, who votes on the Pro Football Hall of Fame Board of Selectors, said selectors are hesitant to vote for coaches when there is a backlog of deserving players.[37]

Coryell's direct development of future coaches included Super Bowl head coaches Madden and Gibbs, Super Bowl offensive coordinators Ernie Zampese and Al Saunders, as well as Jim Hanifan and Rod Dowhower. Adding to the Coryell coaching tree, Super Bowl offensive coordinator Norv Turner tutored under Zampese, and another Super Bowl offensive coordinator Mike Martz studied under both Zampese and later Turner.[38] Dan Henning coached under Gibbs.

Fouts says, "He influenced offensive and defensive football because if you are going to have three or four receivers out there, you better have an answer for it on the other side of the ball. If it wasn't for Don, I wouldn't be in the Hall of Fame."[39] "Whoever heard of the nickel or dime pass defense before 'Air Coryell' forced opponents to come up with strategies to combat Coryell's aerial assault?" wrote Fouts to Hall of Fame voters in support of Coryell's induction.[40]

In Madden's Hall of Fame induction speech, he mentioned his time at San Diego State "with a great coach that someday will be in here, Don Coryell. He had a real influence on my coaching. Joe Gibbs was on that staff, too."[41]

Gibbs also lobbied for Coryell's induction into the Hall of Fame, stating "(Coryell) was extremely creative and fostered things that are still in today's game because he was so creative. I think he's affected a lot of coaches, and I'd like to see him get in."[42]

Mike Martz, who won a Super Bowl as the offensive coordinator of the "Greatest Show on Turf" with the St. Louis Rams and advanced to another Super Bowl as the Rams' head coach: "Don is the father of the modern passing game. People talk about the 'West Coast' offense, but Don started the 'West Coast' decades ago and kept updating it. You look around the NFL now, and so many teams are running a version of the Coryell offense. Coaches have added their own touches, but it's still Coryell's offense. He has disciples all over the league. He changed the game", adds Martz.[39] "I'm not sure why that hasn't been acknowledged by the Hall of Fame."[4]

Winslow points out that Coryell had an indirect hand in the 49ers', Washington Redskins' and St. Louis Rams' Super Bowl teams. "They call it the West Coast offense because San Francisco won Super Bowls with it, but it was a variation of what we did in San Diego. Joe Gibbs' itty-bitty receivers on the outside and two tight ends in the middle, (that's) a variation of Coryell's offense in San Diego. It's just a personnel change, but it's the same thing. When the Rams won their Super Bowl, it was the same offense, same terminology. For Don Coryell to not be in the Hall of Fame is a lack of knowledge of the voters. That's the nicest way that I can put that. A lack of understanding of the legacy of the game."[43]

"In the offense we won the Super Bowl with in 1999, the foundation was Don Coryell", former Rams coach Dick Vermeil said. "The route philosophies, the vertical passing game ... everything stemmed from the founder, Don Coryell. The genius."[44]

In 2010, Coryell for the first time was among the 15 finalists considered by the Hall of Fame selection committee on the Saturday before the Super Bowl. He was not selected.[45] After Coryell's death later that year, Chargers President Dean Spanos said "He revolutionized the game of football, not only in San Diego, but throughout the entire NFL. Don Coryell was a legend not only with the Chargers but throughout San Diego. Though unfortunately he did not live long enough to see it, hopefully one day his bust will find its proper place in Pro Football's Hall of Fame."[5] Delivering a eulogy at Coryell's funeral, Madden noted, "You know, I'm sitting down there in front, and next to me is Joe Gibbs, and next to him is Dan Fouts, and the three of us are in the Hall of Fame because of Don Coryell." Choking up and then pausing, he continued, "There's something missing."[46] Coryell was a finalist five other times in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019 and 2020.[47][48][49] He was again up for the class of 2021, but was among the five coaches part of the final cut.[50]

Coaching personality[]

Coryell was adored by his players. "The most important thing to me about Don Coryell is him as a person. He actually cared about us as players. A lot of coaches don't even know who you are", said Fouts.[51] Coryell did not want to intimidate his players and instead treated his players with respect, allowing them to showcase their strengths. "I don't think a coach has to be a son of a bitch to be successful. I think you can treat men like men", he said.[52]

Death[]

Don Coryell died on July 1, 2010 at Sharp Grossmont Hospital in La Mesa, California. The cause of death was not officially released, but Coryell had been in poor health for some time.[20]

Head coaching record[]

College[]

Year Team Overall Conference Standing Bowl/playoffs Coaches# AP°
Whittier Poets (Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference) (1957–1959)
1957 Whittier 6–2–1 3–0–1 1st
1958 Whittier 8–1 4–0 1st
1959 Whittier 8–2 5–0 1st
Whittier: 22–5–1 12–0–1
San Diego State Aztecs (California Collegiate Athletic Association) (1961–1967)
1961 San Diego State 7–2–1 2–2–1 T–3rd
1962 San Diego State 8–2 6–0 1st
1963 San Diego State 7–2 4–1 2nd
1964 San Diego State 8–2 4–1 2nd
1965 San Diego State 8–2 3–2 3rd
1966 San Diego State 11–0 5–0 1st W Camellia
1967 San Diego State 10–1 5–0 1st W Camellia
San Diego State Aztecs (NCAA College Division independent) (1968)
1968 San Diego State 9–0–1
San Diego State Aztecs (Pacific Coast Athletic Association) (1969–1972)
1969 San Diego State 11–0 6–0 1st W Pasadena 18
1970 San Diego State 9–2 5–1 T–1st
1971 San Diego State 6–5 2–3 T–4th
1972 San Diego State 10–1 4–0 1st 20
San Diego State: 104–19–2 46–10–1
Total: 126–24–3
      National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth

Professional[]

Team Year Regular Season Post Season
Won Lost Ties Win % Finish Won Lost Win % Result
STL 1973 4 9 1 .308 4th in NFC East
STL 1974 10 4 0 .714 1st in NFC East 0 1 .000 Lost to Minnesota Vikings in Divisional Game
STL 1975 11 3 0 .786 1st in NFC East 0 1 .000 Lost to Los Angeles Rams in Divisional Game
STL 1976 10 4 0 .714 2nd in NFC East
STL 1977 7 7 0 .500 3rd in NFC East
STL Total 42 27 1 .607 0 2 .000
SD 1978 8 4 0 .667 3rd in AFC West
SD 1979 12 4 0 .750 1st in AFC West 0 1 .000 Lost to Houston Oilers in Divisional Game
SD 1980 11 5 0 .688 1st in AFC West 1 1 .500 Lost to Oakland Raiders in AFC Championship
SD 1981 10 6 0 .625 1st in AFC West 1 1 .500 Lost to Cincinnati Bengals in AFC Championship
SD 1982 6 3 0 .667 2nd in AFC West 1 1 .500 Lost to Miami Dolphins in Divisional Game
SD 1983 6 10 0 .375 4th in AFC West
SD 1984 7 9 0 .438 5th in AFC West
SD 1985 8 8 0 .500 3rd in AFC West
SD 1986 1 7 0 .125 5th in AFC West
SD Total 69 56 0 .552 3 4 .429
NFL Total[53] 111 83 1 .572 3 6 .333

Coaching tree[]

Assistant coaches under Coryell who subsequently become college or professional head coaches:

  • John Madden: Oakland Raiders (1969–1978)
  • Ray Perkins: New York Giants (1979–1982), Alabama (1983–1986), Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1987–1990)
  • Joe Gibbs: Washington Redskins (1981–1992), (2004-2007)
  • Jim Hanifan: St. Louis Cardinals (1980–1985), Atlanta Falcons (1989)
  • Rod Dowhower: Indianapolis Colts (1985-1986)
  • Al Saunders: San Diego Chargers (1986–1988)

See also[]

  • List of National Football League head coaches with 50 wins

References[]

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  2. ^ "Hall of Very Good Class of 2010". Archived from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Layden, Tim. "Don Coryell 1924--2010". SI.com. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Farmer, Sam (2010-07-02). "Don Coryell dies at 85; longtime coach of the San Diego Chargers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Center, Bill. "Don Coryell, ex-Chargers, Aztecs coach dies at 85". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
  6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2012-04-28.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) UBC Hall of Fame – Frank Gnup
  7. ^ "Former Poets coach Don Coryell dies at 85". Whittier College Poets. 2010-07-02. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b "Former Aztec Coach, Innovator Don Coryell Dies At 85". San Diego State Aztec Athletics. Archived from the original on 2010-07-05. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c Inman, Cam (2010-07-04). "For Don Coryell, to air was divine". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
  10. ^ Jaworski 2010, p.84
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  12. ^ "Innovative football coach Don Coryell dies at 85".
  13. ^ Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the San Diego Chargers.
  14. ^ Jaworski 2010, p.90
  15. ^ "NFL Records".
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  17. ^ Elderkin, Phil (September 16, 1980). "Chargers, in passing, write a book". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014.
  18. ^ NFL Single-Season Passing Yards per Game Leaders | Pro-Football-Reference.com
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  26. ^ "No. 16: Chargers' best draft class". ESPN. March 28, 2009. Retrieved May 27, 2011. The 2001 class was good, but the 1975 class ranks the best. San Diego had four of the first 33 picks in the draft, and the Chargers selected three defensive linemen that would form the nucleus of "The Bruise Brothers" and once formed three-fourths of the AFC Pro Bowl defensive line.(subscription required)
  27. ^ Wilson, Bernie (July 31, 2008). "Charger-turned-Niner Fred Dean answers Hall's call". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
  28. ^ "1981 NFL Opposition & Defensive Statistics – Pro-Football-Reference.com". Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  29. ^ "1982 NFL Opposition & Defensive Statistics – Pro-Football-Reference.com". Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  30. ^ Thomas, Jim (July 30, 2008). "Fred Dean: Situational pass-rusher made most of his opportunities". The State Journal-Register. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016.
  31. ^ Krasovic, Tom (June 5, 2013). "Chargers had a Fearsome Foursome, too". U-T San Diego. Archived from the original on January 27, 2014.
  32. ^ Jaworski, Ron (2010). The Games That Changed the Game: The Evolution of the NFL in Seven Sundays. Random House. pp. 82, 110. ISBN 978-0-345-51795-1.
  33. ^ Paris, Jay (January 11, 2013). "Don Coryell's Hall bid falls short". U-T San Diego. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013.
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  35. ^ Miklasz, Bernie. "Don Coryell changed the NFL". STLToday.com. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  36. ^ Carucci, Vic. "Coryell's attacking offense mirrored his attitude on game, life". NFL.com. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  37. ^ Canepa, Nick (February 21, 2010). "Canepa: NFL Hall of Fame tough nut to crack". San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011.
  38. ^ Magee, Jerry. 2002. Air Coryell Redux. San Diego Union Tribune, February 1 (accessed October 4, 2008) Archived April 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b "Shannhan, Tom. 2008. "Don Coryell Belongs in the Hall of Fame", July 1 (accessed October 4, 2008)". Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
  40. ^ Williamson, Bill (July 2010). "Fouts' support for Coryell". ESPN. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
  41. ^ John Madden's Enshrinement Speech Transcript, August 5, 2006 (accessed October 4, 2008)
  42. ^ "Hall of Fame notes: Gibbs lobbies for Coryell, Thurman for Reed". Archived from the original on 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
  43. ^ "Hall of Fame enshrinement weekend blog". Archived from the original on 2009-03-08. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
  44. ^ Kaufman, Ira. "Coryell's legacy was more than a passing fancy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-10. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
  45. ^ "Coryell denied entry to Hall of Fame". 2010-02-06. Retrieved 2010-02-08.
  46. ^ Wilson, Bernie (2010-07-12). "Madden chokes up at Coryell memorial service". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  47. ^ "Pro Football Hall of Fame must break up traffic jam". wlwt.com. The Sports Xchange. January 29, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  48. ^ https://www.stltoday.com/sports/football/professional/isaac-bruce-don-coryell-among-hall-of-fame-finalists/article_76c32338-07f5-5625-89a2-edd23122eff7.html
  49. ^ https://www.profootballhof.com/heroes-of-the-game/hall-of-famers-yearly-finalists/
  50. ^ https://twitter.com/WixieEarlWilson/status/1295908169651236866?s=20
  51. ^ Jaworski 2010, p.82
  52. ^ Jaworski 2010, p.85
  53. ^ Don Coryell Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks - Pro-Football-Reference.com

External links[]

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