Drassodes

Drassodes; Temporal range: Palaeogene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	D. pubescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Gnaphosidae
Genus:	Drassodes; Westring, 1851
Type species
	; (Walckenaer, 1802)
Species
	162, see text
Synonyms
	Geodrassus Chamberlin, 1922; Kirmaka Roewer, 1961; Mesklia Roewer, 1928; Sillemia Reimoser, 1935; Siruasus Roewer, 1961;

Drassodes is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851.^[5] They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally 3.8 to 11.6 millimetres (0.15 to 0.46 in) long,^[6] but can reach up to 20 millimetres (0.79 in) in length.

Species[]

As of May 2019 it contains 162 species:^[1]

Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
(Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
(Simon, 1878) – Mediterranean
Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)
Denis, 1938 – Andorra
Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA
Strand, 1908 – Peru
Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
(Blackwall, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is.
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
Barrows, 1919 – USA
Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 – Turkey
(Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
Roewer, 1951 – India
Caporiacco, 1927 – Italy
Caporiacco, 1934 – India
Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Turkey, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Kazakhstan
Simon, 1897 – India
(Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine
Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Iran
(Reimoser, 1935) – India (Karakorum, Kashmir)
(Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
D. cupreus (Blackwall, 1834) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Russia (Europe to Far East)
Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
Yang & Song, 2003 – China
(Blackwall, 1867) – India
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
Simon, 1893 – Algeria, Libya
(Simon, 1878) – Spain, France, Italy, Turkey?
Schenkel, 1963 – China
(Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
(Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) – Philippines
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
Jézéquel, 1965 – Ivory Coast
(Kroneberg, 1875) – Uzbekistan
(Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Central Asia, China
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
Melic & Barrientos, 2017 – Spain
Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
D. gosiutus Chamberlin, 1919 – USA, Canada
Patel & Patel, 1975 – India
(Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
Simon, 1905 – India
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
(L. Koch, 1875) – Ethiopia
(Simon, 1878) – Spain (Menorca), France
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand), Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar
(Blackwall, 1862) – Brazil
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan, China (Yarkand)
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
Charitonov, 1946 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – China
Loksa, 1965 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia)
Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
(Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
Saito, 1937 – China
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria
(Walckenaer, 1802) (type) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
- (Simon, 1878) – France
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
Schenkel, 1953 – Mongolia
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
Marusik & Logunov, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), China, Korea
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
(Simon, 1878) – Southern Europe
(C. L. Koch, 1839) – Mediterranean, Ukraine, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Pakistan
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
Simon, 1909 – Ethiopia
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
(Butler, 1880) – Madagascar
(L. Koch, 1866) – Russia (Europe)
(Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
Denis, 1945 – North Africa
Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – Russia (Far East), North America
(Kulczyński, 1897) – Croatia, Serbia
(Kroneberg, 1875) – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
Gajbe, 2005 – India
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
D. neglectus (Keyserling, 1887) – Russia (Middle to East Siberia, Far East), North America
Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya, Arabia
(Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
Simon, 1893 – Spain
Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
Schenkel, 1936 – China
Tikader, 1964 – Nepal
Simon, 1914 – France
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Mongolia, China
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
Loksa, 1965 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China
(Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
(Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (Sardinia)
Denis, 1962 – Madeira
(Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Java)
D. saccatus (Emerton, 1890) – North America
Strand, 1918 – Japan
Tikader, 1982 – India
Schenkel, 1963 – China
(Roewer, 1928) – Spain (Majorca), Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Israel. Introduced to USA
Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
Purcell, 1908 – South Africa
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
Nosek, 1905 – Turkey
Kulczyński, 1926 – Russia (Kamchatka)
Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
Roewer, 1951 – India
(Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) – India, China
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
Denis, 1956 – Morocco
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
(L. Koch, 1866) – Hungary, Balkans, Romania, Ukraine
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
Paik, 1995 – Korea
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
Hervé, 2009 – France
(L. Koch, 1878) – Turkmenistan
(Gajbe, 1987) – India
Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece (Crete), Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel
Tang, Oldemtu, Zhao & Song, 1999 – China
(Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
(Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Central Asia, Russia (Europe to Far East)
(Gajbe, 1992) – India
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Gen. Drassodes Westring, 1851". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
^ Ubick, D.; Roth, V. D. (1973). "Nearctic Gnaphosidae including species from adjacent Mexican states". American Arachnology. 9: 1.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Murphy, J. (2007). Gnaphosid genera of the world. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambridgeshire. p. 54.
^ Chatzaki, M.; Thaler, K.; Mylonas, M. (2002). "Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae, Araneae) of Crete and adjacent areas of Greece. Taxonomy and distribution. II". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 109: 618.
^ Westring, N. (1851). "Förteckning öfver de till närvarande tid Kände, i Sverige förekommande Spindlarter, utgörande ett antal af 253, deraf 132 äro nya för svenska Faunan". Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar. 2: 25–62.
^ "Genus Drassodes". BugGuide. Retrieved 2019-06-04.

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[NMBE-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Gen. Drassodes Westring, 1851". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-04.

[Ubic1973-2] Ubick, D.; Roth, V. D. (1973). "Nearctic Gnaphosidae including species from adjacent Mexican states". American Arachnology. 9: 1.

[Murp2007-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Murphy, J. (2007). Gnaphosid genera of the world. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambridgeshire. p. 54.

[Chat2002-4] Chatzaki, M.; Thaler, K.; Mylonas, M. (2002). "Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae, Araneae) of Crete and adjacent areas of Greece. Taxonomy and distribution. II". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 109: 618.

[West1851-5] Westring, N. (1851). "Förteckning öfver de till närvarande tid Kände, i Sverige förekommande Spindlarter, utgörande ett antal af 253, deraf 132 äro nya för svenska Faunan". Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar. 2: 25–62.

[bugguide-6] "Genus Drassodes". BugGuide. Retrieved 2019-06-04.

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Drassodes Temporal range: Palaeogene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

D. pubescens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Gnaphosidae
Genus:	Drassodes Westring, 1851^[1]
Type species
(Walckenaer, 1802)
Species
162, see text
Synonyms^[1]
Geodrassus Chamberlin, 1922^[2] Kirmaka Roewer, 1961^[3] Mesklia Roewer, 1928^[4] Sillemia Reimoser, 1935^[3] Siruasus Roewer, 1961^[3]