This is a good article. Click here for more information.

Dreamlover (song)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Dream Lover.

"Dreamlover"
Mariahcareysingle dreamlover.jpg
Single by Mariah Carey
from the album Music Box
B-side"Do You Think of Me"
"Someday"
ReleasedJuly 27, 1993 (1993-07-27)
Genre
Length3:53
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
Mariah Carey singles chronology
"If It's Over"
(1992) 		"Dreamlover"
(1993) 		"Hero"
(1993)
Music video
"Dreamlover" on YouTube
Alternative cover art
One of U.S. CD maxi-singles
One of U.S. CD maxi-singles

"Dreamlover" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter, and record producer Mariah Carey, released on July 27, 1993, as the lead single from her third studio album, Music Box (1993). Its lyrics were written by Carey, with music composed by Carey and Dave Hall, and was produced by Carey, Walter Afanasieff and Hall. The song incorporates a sample of the hook from "Blind Alley" by the Emotions, previously used in "Ain't No Half-Steppin'" (1988) by Big Daddy Kane, into its melody and instrumentation. "Dreamlover" marked a more pronounced attempt on Carey's part to incorporate hip hop into her music, as was seen in her decision to work with Hall, who had previously produced What's the 411? (1992) by Mary J Blige.[1] This was partly in light of the mixed reception to her previous studio effort Emotions (1991), which featured gospel and 1960s soul influences. Lyrically, the song pictures a protagonist calling for a perfect lover, her "dreamlover," to whisk her away into the night and not "disillusion" her like others in the past.

"Dreamlover" received positive reviews from contemporary music critics, many of whom praised the song's incorporated sample, as well as Carey's carefree vocal style. The song was the first of several of her lead singles that sampled older tunes as a musical bed, as seen in "Fantasy" (1995), "Honey" (1997), "Heartbreaker" (1999), and "Loverboy" (2001). It was a global success, becoming Carey's seventh chart topper on the US Billboard Hot 100, remaining there for eight weeks. It peaked at number one in Canada and became a top-ten hit in Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.

Carey performed "Dreamlover" live on several televised talk shows around the world, including The Arsenio Hall Show in September 1993, the British music chart program Top of the Pops, and the 1993 Music Fair in Japan. In 1999, following the release of Carey's Rainbow, the song was included in the Mariah Carey Homecoming Special, and her appearance on The Today Show. Additionally, "Dreamlover" was featured in the set-lists of most of her succeeding tours, making its debut on the Music Box Tour (1993). The song was included on Carey's compilation albums, #1's (1998), Greatest Hits (2001), and #1 to Infinity (2015). The European B-side "Do You Think Of Me" is included in the compilation album The Rarities (2020).

The song's music video was filmed by Diane Martel in Copake, in upstate New York, in June 1993. It includes an appearance by Carey's dog Jack, and shows Carey dancing in a flowerbed and field, swimming in a large pond, boarding a hot air balloon, and dancing alongside several shirtless male dancers. According to author Chris Nickson, the video's carefree setting harmonized well with the song's soft instrumentation. Due to the song's strong radio airplay and extended charting, the video received frequent play on several music video channels throughout the summer of 1993.

Background[]

Carey's debut studio album made a strong impact on pop music, but the singer became interested in altering her sound and branching out into other genres for her second studio effort, Emotions (1991).[2] Columbia allowed her to take more control over her musical direction, enabling her to change the musical genre, melodies, and production style. Carey worked with many new musicians and producers on the album; Walter Afanasieff was the only holdover from her debut.[3] Emotions contained influences from gospel, R&B and soul music as well as from 1950s, 60s, and 70s balladry. While the album was praised by some as being more mature and raw, it failed to reach the critical or commercial heights of her debut effort, selling fewer units and failing to introduce Carey into new markets.[4] Columbia decided to return Carey to the same genre as her debut album and have her produce a more commercial and radio-friendly record. Their plans were to tone down Carey's vocals and soften the album's production to create a contemporary pop record.[5] Carey and Afanasieff agreed to the change and began writing and recording material for her third studio effort, Music Box (1993).

Recording[]

While recording Music Box, Carey began to alter her songwriting style and genre choices, most notably in "Dreamlover". The song is different from anything she had recorded on her previous album, as it leans on R&B[5] and light hip-hop influences.[6] While searching for new record producers for the album, Carey came across Dave Hall, a New York native who was known from his work on Mary J. Blige's debut album, What's the 411? (1992).[7] Carey wanted to incorporate a sampled loop from an older song into "Dreamlover", her second song to do so. The pair reviewed several older tunes and melodies, and chose "Blind Alley", performed by The Emotions in 1972. This song had previously been sampled in Big Daddy Kane's "Ain't No Half-Steppin'", which led Mariah to use the sample for Dreamlover. [8] In an interview with Fred Bronson, Carey described working with Hall:

"I wanted to do something that had a happy feeling, something that was more open and released, and that's really not Dave. It's very anti what he's about. So he said, 'Oh, you want to do that happy stuff? All right, all right.' He was not into doing it. Then we started listening to a lot of different and old loops and we used the 'Blind Alley' loop and I started singing the melody over it."[7]

Although Carey had heard the hook used in several other songs over the years, she felt her use of the sample was done in a more innovative way.[7] "We built the song from there and I wrote the lyrics and the melody and Dave ended up liking it," she continued. After having completed the song, Hall complimented Carey's work ethic and form of writing, calling her a "perfectionist" and "very professional."[8] He explained that they incorporated the hook, a melody, and the sample into the song over the course of one night. The song's title was not added until the end of production.[8] Hall said Carey works in a unique fashion, usually developing the song's instrumentals and hook prior to the lyrics and title.[7] Carey describes the songwriting process:

"The way I usually work is I do an untitled song. We'll grab the hook, whether sampled or created, and use it as the working title. I wrote the verses first, as well as the melody and the inclusion of several instrumentals. Sometimes I'll have an idea for a lyrics. If I'm collaborating with someone, I'll direct them in the direction that I'm going chord wise, because I get all these melody ideas and then I lose them if I don't have someone really good with the keyboard with me. That's why I tend to collaborate because I lose the ideas by the time I figure out the chord. All these melody ideas just go."[7]

When Carey's fiancé at the time, Tommy Mottola, came to hear the song in the studio, he had mixed feelings.[7] He approached Walter Afanasieff and asked him to add some additional instrumentation and flavor.[7] Afanasieff changed the song at the production level, altering the way in which the hook sample was incorporated into the song, as well as adding several new instruments.[8] He described the changes to Bronson in an interview:

"Mariah and Dave did this loop thing which was new to us pop producers at the time. Their version of 'Dreamlover' was missing a lot of stuff. The spirit of the song was up but it wasn't hitting hard enough. I re-worked the drums, organ and keyboard. The organ and hi-hat part I changed made it a bit more swinging and a little bit more driving. I put a whole new shade of colors to it."[7]

Composition and lyrics[]

"Dreamlover" is a mid-tempo pop[5] and light R&B track.[6] The song is written in the key of F major, and the beat is set in common time which moves at a moderate pace of 104 beats per minute.[9] It has the sequence of F7–Gm7–F7–Gm7 as its chord progression.[9]

The song was written and produced by Carey and Hall, with additional work done by Afanasieff, who added a slightly altered instrumentation.[7] "Dreamlover" samples the hook and a musical loop from "Blind Alley" by R&B group The Emotions. The sampling provides a "backbone" for the instrumentation and production, as well as being inter-looped in the bridge.[7] Carey uses a whistle register to introduce the first verse.

In his review, Jozen Cummings from PopMatters described the song as "pure, frothy pop."[10] Cummings felt Afanasieff's usage of the Hammond B3 organ added "an old school vibe" to "Dreamlover", as it harmonizes with the "extremely catchy musical hook."[10] Cummings describes the theme of the lyrics:

"... the lyric is a description of, and a call for, the mythic Dreamlover; someone to take her away, to 'rescue' her. Fluffy-seeming stuff, to be sure (and possibly cringe-inducing for some folk), but very possibly also an expression of the simplest of romantic dreams: to find the 'right' person; someone who makes you feel taken care of, loved, safe."[10]

Cummings called the second verse's first lines "Don't want another pretender / To disillusion me one more time / Whispering words of forever / Playing with my mind" an "interesting mix of innocence and very grown-up cynicism and world-weariness."[10] Wayne Robins from Newsday compared the vocals to "Motown and Philly soul singing," while praising Afansieff's inclusion of the Hammond B-3 for the way the "riffs provide a nice organic contrast to the synthesizers that dominate the record."[11]

Critical reception[]

"Dreamlover" earned widely positive reviews from music critics, many of whom praised its production, the sampling of the hook, and the vocals. In reference to the common criticism that Carey over-sings and over-uses her upper registers, Cummings wrote "truth is, she is never crass in the use of her amazing instrument. On 'Dreamlover', especially, she keeps a close, tasteful rein on the acrobatics."[10] Ron Wynn from Allmusic called it personal and intense. He enjoyed Carey's more mature vocal style on the album, as well as the usage of the hook and the instrumentation.[12] J. D. Considine from The Baltimore Sun called its melody "breezy",[13] while The Buffalo News's reviewer described it as "a sassy, pop rocker with a dance beat".[14] Larry Flick from Billboard said it is "direct, unfussy, and profoundly pretty". He added, "The production is elegant but appealingly simplistic. Mariah's openhearted singing is up front, where it belongs, with a funky snare and kick-drum just a subtle half-step behind. The gliding, devotional pledge culminates in a lovely vocals-only tagline."[15] Troy J. Augusto from Cashbox stated that Carey "tones down the vocal histronics here, her seductive, captivating voice flowing smoothly and beautifully on this sprite, sparsely produced love song".[16] David Browne from Entertainment Weekly felt the singer's soft singing and lack of volume was hurtful to the song, saying she "lost herself."[17] He thought the hook was catchy, but overly familiar.[17] In 2018, the magazine noted the track's "glorious, frolicking-in-cutoffs groove."[18] Blogger Roger Friedman from Fox News named "Dreamlover" and "Vision of Love" Carey's best, calling them "the original hits."[19]

Dave Sholin from the Gavin Report said that the song is "a pop delight."[20] Music writer James Masterton noted in his weekly UK chart commentary, "This new track debuts strongly then, and being far more catchy and original than most Mariah Carey material may well breach the Top 10 at least."[21] Alan Jones from Music Week rated it four out of five. He deemed it as "an ultra-commercial, hook-laden and impeccably sung confection" that "starts with a supersonic screech and ends with an a capella tag." He added further, "In between, Carey exercises more restraint than usual in the vocal gymnastics department to great effect, proving that sometimes less is more."[22] Jeff Silberman from The Network Forty described it as "a delicious midtempo pop gem, bolstered by in-the-pocket instrumentation, Carey's pristine vocals and a velvet production sound".[23] A reviewer from People Magazine stated that "with its appealing girlish playfulness, it’s the kind of breezy pop she excels at."[24] Tom Moon from The Philadelphia Inquirer called the song "irresistibly bubbly".[25] The Plain Dealer noted that it "starts out with one of those upper-register vocal runs that can make dogs howl and shatter glassware in neighboring states."[26] Pop Rescue stated that Carey's vocals "are confident, strong, and also perfectly partnered to this chilled out track", adding it as a "wonderful" song.[27] While reviewing Butterfly (1997), Rich Juzwiak of Slant Magazine praised the song's incorporation of the "Blind Alley" hook, saying it was done "as sweetly as possible."[28]

Entertainment Weekly listed the song as one of "The 100 Greatest Moments in Rock Music: The 90s"; it was their top pick for 1993.[29] "Dreamlover" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.[30]

Chart performance[]

"Dreamlover" was Carey's seventh number one single on the Billboard Hot 100, topping the chart in its sixth week and stayed there for eight consecutive weeks (September 5 to October 30, 1993)—her longest stay at the time.[31] It replaced "Can't Help Falling in Love" by UB40, and was later replaced by Meat Loaf's "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)." It spent 26 weeks in the top 40 and was ranked number eight on the Hot 100 1993 Year-End Charts and 20 on the Decade-End Charts.[32][33] The song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on September 22, 1993, denoting shipments of over one million units throughout the United States.[34] It sold 935,000 units domestically.[35] "Dreamlover" holds the joint title of the highest debuting song on the Billboard Pop Songs chart, entering the chart at number 12 on the week dated August 14, 1993, being tied by Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off" in 2014.[36] In Canada, "Dreamlover" became Carey's fifth number one single on the Canadian RPM Singles Chart, debuting at number 60 on the chart during the week of August 14, 1993.[37] Three weeks later, the song reached the chart's number one position; it spent six consecutive weeks at the top and a total of 21 weeks on the singles chart.[38][39] On the RPM Year-End Charts, "Dreamlover" finished at number two.[40]

"Dreamlover" entered the Australian Singles Chart at number 41 during the week of August 23, 1993, eventually reaching a peak of number seven and spending a total of 21 consecutive weeks on the chart. The song was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of over 35,000 units throughout the country.[41][42] In New Zealand, "Dreamlover" reached a peak position of number two on the New Zealand Singles Chart and spent sixteen weeks fluctuating on the chart. The Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ) certified the song gold for shipments of 7,500 units in the country.[43][44] On the Dutch Top 40, "Dreamlover" debuted at number 36 during the week of August 28, 1993. After attaining a peak of number nine, the song dropped off the top 40 after a chart run of 13 weeks.[45] On the yearly charts, the song finished at number 69.[46] In Switzerland the song peaked at number thirteen and spent sixteen weeks on the singles chart.[47] On the UK Singles Chart, "Dreamlover" reached its peak position of number nine during the week of September 4, 1993.[48] It spent a total of ten weeks on the chart, exiting on October 23, 1993.[49] Sales in the United Kingdom are estimated at 150,000 units.[50]

Music video and remixes[]

The music video for "Dreamlover" was directed by Diane Martel and filmed in upstate New York in June 1993.[51] It was published on Mariah Carey's official YouTube channel in November 2009. The video has amassed more than 35 million views as of September 2021.[52] It features scenes of Carey swimming in a small pond by a waterfall, boarding a colorful hot air balloon, and dancing alongside several shirtless male dancers.[5] As the video begins, Carey is swimming underwater while wearing clothing. She is soon gasping for air and climbing into a flower bed above. As she frolics and rolls in a field, scenes of Carey boarding a hot air balloon are intercut.[5] Her dog Jack makes an appearance, as he follows her through the field and pond. After a short interval of dancing alongside several male dancers, Carey leaves with her dog as the video concludes.[5] After filming the video, Carey revealed that the water was so cold that she refused to swim until the director, Martel, dived in first. Author Chris Nickson felt the video captured the song's soft and relaxed nature: "The casual feel, almost like clips from home movies edited together, captured the song's off-the-shoulder airiness."[5] The video received heavy rotation on several music video channels, which added to the song's chart performance.[5] On August 7, 2020, the music video was re-released in a remastered form, in HD quality.[citation needed]

"Dreamlover" marked the first time Carey was given creative control over remixing her songs. She enlisted David Morales to create the Def Club Mix; it was the first of Carey's remixes to use re-recorded vocals.[5] An officially-released live version of "Dreamlover", derived from the television special Here Is Mariah Carey (1993), is available. "Dreamlover" B-side track ("Do You Think of Me") was written and produced by Carey, Afanasieff, Cory Rooney, and Mark Morales.[5] Kelefa Sanneh from The New York Times complimented the remix, writing "[It] is a revelation: after a long percussion break, he isolates a few of Ms. Carey's ad-libs; her ultrafalsetto vocals sound spookier than all of Basement Jaxx's sound effects combined."[53]

On August 7, 2020, along with the celebration of the 30th-anniversary of her debut studio album Mariah Carey (1990), as well as Carey celebrating 30 years in the music industry, the song was released as an eleven-track extended play, titled Dreamlover EP, which contains the remixes from the US CD maxi-single, as well as previously unreleased remixes, including 'Def Club Mix Edit', 'Def Club Mix Edit 2005', 'Theo's Club Joint' and 'Bam Jam Soul'. Her live performances at Madison Square Garden for the TV special Fantasy: Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden (1995), and at Proctor's Theatre for the TV special Here Is Mariah Carey (1993), were also included on the EP.[54]

Live performances[]

Mariah Carey performing "Dreamlover" on The Adventures of Mimi Tour in 2006

Carey performed "Dreamlover" on several telecasts in the United States and throughout Europe. She performed the song live on The Arsenio Hall Show with "Hero" as a two-piece set-list.[5] Carey performed "Dreamlover" at British music program Top of the Pops, the Dutch program Platendaagse, and the Japanese program Music Fair.[5] In a promotional effort for her seventh studio album Rainbow, Carey filmed a FOX special titled The Mariah Carey Homecoming Special, a mini-concert filmed at her old high school in Huntington, New York. It was aired on December 21, 1999.[55] "Dreamlover" served as one of the opening numbers. The song was performed on June 1, 2003, at The Today Show as part of a three-song set alonsgide "Yours" and "Bringin' On the Heartbreak" as a promotion for Carey's 2002 album, Charmbracelet.[56]

Following the televised appearances, Carey performed the song live on several of her tours. In the Daydream World Tour she performed it in front of a backdrop showing footage from the song's video. On her Music Box Tour and Butterfly World Tour, the song served as the fifth song of the set-list. Carey performed alongside several female back-up dancers who mimicked her light dance routines.[citation needed] Carey used a similar presentation on the Rainbow World Tour.[citation needed] On Carey's Charmbracelet and The Adventures of Mimi tours, three male backup dancers were featured on stage, with the three female background vocalists behind them. On the latter tour, Carey's wore a black bikini, with a matching cape and Christian Louboutin pumps. She mixed the song with an instrumental remix of Mtume's song "Juicy Fruit."[citation needed] Following the release of her twelfth studio album, Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel (2009), Carey embarked on the Angels Advocate Tour. It was her first tour that did not regularly feature the song, as it was only performed on a few select dates.[citation needed] In addition, Carey sang the song as a part of her Las Vegas residency, #1 to Infinity, which chronicles the singer's 18 US Hot 100 number-one hits. For the performance, she donned a sequined white dress, and entered the stage in a pink convertible car. At the end of the performance, she stands atop a stage fan, while her skirt blows in the wind, as an homage to Marilyn Monroe. On Carey's Caution World Tour, "Dreamlover" served as the second song of the set-list.

Track listing and formats[]

Credits and personnel[]

These credits were adapted from the Music Box liner notes.[63]

"Dreamlover" was recorded at Right Track Studios, New York, and mixed at Sony Music Studios, New York.

Charts[]

Certifications and sales[]

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[104] 6× Platinum 420,000double-dagger
New Zealand (RMNZ)[105] Gold 5,000*
United Kingdom — 150,000[50]
United States (RIAA)[106] Platinum 935,000[35]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
double-dagger Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Dreamlover". For The Record. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  2. ^ Nickson 1998, p. 53
  3. ^ Nickson 1998, p. 55
  4. ^ Nickson 1998, p. 57
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Nickson 1998, p. 80
  6. ^ a b Krewen, Nick (November 11, 1998). "Double Live Sure To Please". Sudbury Star. Sudbury Star. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bronson 2003, p. 820
  8. ^ a b c d Williams, Chris (July 3, 2011). "Mariah Carey's Music Box LP (1993) Revisited With Co-Writer Walter Afanasieff – Return To The Classics". Soul Culture. Soul Culture Media. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
  9. ^ a b "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover Sheet Music (Digital Download)". Musicnotes.com. Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  10. ^ a b c d e Cummings, Jozen. "Verse-Chorus-Verse: Mariah Carey – "Dreamlover"". PopMatters. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
  11. ^ Robins, Wayne (August 29, 1993). "A Craft on 'Music Box'". Newsday. Cablevision. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  12. ^ Wynn, Ron. "Music Box – Mariah Carey". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  13. ^ Considine, J. D. (August 31, 1993). "A 'Music Box' Full of Melody". The Baltimore Sun. Tribune Company. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  14. ^ "HOT NUMBERS SALTY ROCK FROM CRACKER; SPICE FROM DEBORAH HARRY". The Buffalo News. September 3, 1993. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  15. ^ Flick, Larry (August 7, 1993). "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. p. 53. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  16. ^ Augusto, Troy J. (August 14, 1993). "Pop Singles: Reviews – Pick Of The Week" (PDF). Cashbox. p. 11. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  17. ^ a b Browne, David (July 20, 2001). "Music Review – Music Box". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
  18. ^ "Celebrate Mariah Carey's birthday with the ultimate ranking of her No. 1 hits". Entertainment Weekly. March 27, 2018. p. 94. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  19. ^ Friedman, Roger (December 6, 2006). "Jessica Simpson: Disaster of Epic Proportions?". Fox News. News Corporation. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  20. ^ Sholin, Dave (July 30, 1993). "Gavin Picks: Singles" (PDF). Gavin Report. p. 66. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  21. ^ Masterton, James (August 15, 1993). "Week Ending August 21st 1993". Chart Watch UK. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  22. ^ Jones, Alan (August 14, 1993). "Market Preview: Mainstream - Singles - Pick of the Week" (PDF). Music Week. p. 14. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  23. ^ "Mainstream: Music Meeting" (PDF). The Network Forty. July 30, 1993. p. 20. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  24. ^ "Picks and Pans Review: Music Box". People. October 4, 1993. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  25. ^ Moon, Tom (December 3, 1993). "Mariah Carey Taking Mothers Advice". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia Media Holdings. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  26. ^ "CAREY DELIVERS SOULLESS MATERIAL". The Plain Dealer. September 17, 1993. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  27. ^ "REVIEW: "MUSIC BOX" BY MARIAH CAREY (CD, 1993)". Pop Rescue. July 22, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
  28. ^ Juzwiak, Rich (December 18, 2003). "Music Review: Mariah Carey: Butterfly". Slant Magazine. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
  29. ^ "The 100 Greatest Moments in Rock Music: The 90s". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. May 28, 1999. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  30. ^ "General Categories". Los Angeles Times. January 7, 1994. p. 1. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
  31. ^ "Mariah Carey Album & Song Chart History". Billboard. Allmusic. All Media Guide. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
  32. ^ Nickson 1998, p. 99
  33. ^ a b "Hot 100 Singles of the '90s". Billboard. December 25, 1999. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  34. ^ "RIAA – Gold & Platinum > Search Results (singles)". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
  35. ^ a b Trust, Gary (February 17, 2014). "Ask Billboard: Katy Perry Regains No. 1 Momentum". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
  36. ^ Trust, Gary; Caulfield, Keith (February 14, 2011). "Lady Gaga's 'Born' Blasts Off With Huge Sales & Radio Start". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  37. ^ "Top Singles – Volume 58, No. 5, August 14, 1993". RPM. August 13, 1993. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  38. ^ "Top Singles – Volume 58, No. 15, October 23, 1993". RPM. October 23, 1993. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  39. ^ "Top Singles – Volume 58, No. 25, January 10, 1994". RPM. January 10, 1994. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  40. ^ a b "The RPM Top 100 Hit Tracks of 1993". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  41. ^ "Mariah Carey: Dreamlover". ARIA Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  42. ^ Kent, David (2003). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  43. ^ "Mariah Carey: Dreamlover". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Hung Medien. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  44. ^ Scapolo, Dean (2007). The Complete New Zealand Music Charts 1966–2006. Wellington, N.Z: Maurienne House. ISBN 978-1-877443-00-8.
  45. ^ "Mariah Carey: Dreamlover". Dutch Top 40. Hung Medien. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  46. ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1993" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  47. ^ "Mariah Carey: Dreamlover". Swiss Music Charts. Hung Medien. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  48. ^ "Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. September 4, 1993. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  49. ^ "Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. October 23, 1993. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  50. ^ a b "Mariah Carey Official Top 20 Best Selling Singles in the UK". MTV. MTV Networks Europe. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
  51. ^ Nickson 1998, p. 107
  52. ^ "Mariah Carey - Dreamlover (Official HD Video)". YouTube. November 24, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
  53. ^ Sanneh, Kelefah (October 30, 2003). "Critic's Choice/New CD's; Disco, Alive and Dancing". The New York Times. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  54. ^ Wass, Mike (August 7, 2020). "Mariah Carey Drops Three 'Music Box' Remix EPs". . Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  55. ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 133–134
  56. ^ Gardner, Elysa (May 22, 2006). "Hot Again, Carey Launches a Summer Tour". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
  57. ^ Dreamlover (Austrian CD Maxi-Single liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1993. 659444 9.CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  58. ^ Dreamlover (European 7" Vinyl liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1993. COL 659444 7.CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  59. ^ Dreamlover (European CD Maxi-Single liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1993. COL 659444 2.CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  60. ^ Dreamlover (UK CD Single liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1993. 659444 5.CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  61. ^ Dreamlover (US CD Maxi-Single liner notes). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1993. 44K 77079.CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  62. ^ "Dreamlover EP by Mariah Carey". iTunes. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  63. ^ Carey, Mariah (1993). Music Box (Liner Notes) (Compact Disc). Mariah Carey. New York City: Columbia Records.
  64. ^ "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  65. ^ "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  66. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2242." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  67. ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2257." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
  68. ^ "Top RPM Dance/Urban: Issue 2266." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  69. ^ "Hits of the World" (PDF). Billboard. October 23, 1993. p. 82. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  70. ^ "Hits of the World" (PDF). Billboard. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
  71. ^ "Adult Contemporary Europe - ACE Top 25" (PDF). Music & Media. September 25, 1993. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  72. ^ "European Dance Radio - EDR Top 25" (PDF). Music & Media. September 25, 1993. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  73. ^ "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  74. ^ "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  75. ^ "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 (09.09.1993 – 15.09.1993)" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Dagblaðið Vísir – Tónlist. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  76. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Dreamlover". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  77. ^ "M-1 TOP 40". M-1.fm. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  78. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 40, 1993" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  79. ^ "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
  80. ^ "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  81. ^ "Discos más populares en Latinoamérica". El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish): 46. October 10, 1993. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  82. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. September 11, 1993. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  83. ^ "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover". Singles Top 100. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  84. ^ "Mariah Carey – Dreamlover". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  85. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  86. ^ "Dance Singles" (PDF). Music Week. August 28, 1993. p. 28. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  87. ^ "Mariah Carey Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  88. ^ "Mariah Carey Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  89. ^ "Mariah Carey Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  90. ^ "Mariah Carey Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  91. ^ "Mariah Carey Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  92. ^ "Mariah Carey Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  93. ^ "1993 ARIA Singles Chart". ARIA. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  94. ^ "The RPM Top 100 A\C Tracks of 1993". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  95. ^ "The RPM Top 50 Dance Tracks of 1993". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  96. ^ "Jaarlijsten 1993" (in Dutch). Stichting Nederlandse Top 40. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  97. ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1993" (in Dutch). GfK Dutch Charts. Archived from the original on June 28, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  98. ^ "Top Selling Singles of 1993". RIANZ. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  99. ^ "Najlepsze single na UK Top 40-1993 wg sprzedaży" (in Polish). Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 11, 2015.[permanent dead link]
  100. ^ a b c "The Year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1993. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  101. ^ "The Year in Music: 1994" (PDF). Billboard. December 24, 1994. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  102. ^ "Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary". Billboard. August 31, 2018.
  103. ^ "Greatest of All Time Pop Songs". Billboard. August 1, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  104. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2019 Singles" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  105. ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Mariah Carey – Dreamlover". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
  106. ^ "American single certifications – Mariah Carey – Dreamlover". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved December 12, 2012.

Works cited

  • Bronson, Fred (2003), The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, New York: Billboard Books, ISBN 0-8230-7677-6
  • Nickson, Chris (1998), Mariah Carey Revisited: Her Story, New York: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-19512-5
  • Shapiro, Marc (2001), Mariah Carey: The Unauthorized Biography, Toronto: ECW Press, ISBN 1-55490-444-7
Retrieved from ""