Durand Cup

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Durand Cup
Durand Cup Logo.png
Organising bodyDurand Football Tournament Society (DFTS)
AIFF
Founded1888; 133 years ago (1888)
RegionIndia
Number of teams16
Related competitionsIndian Super League
I-League
I-League 2nd Division
State leagues
Current championsGokulam Kerala
(1st title)
Most successful team(s)Mohun Bagan
East Bengal
(16 titles each)
Television broadcastersAddatimes[1] (online streaming)
WebsiteOfficial website
2021 Durand Cup

The Durand Football Tournament, also known as Durand Cup, is an annual domestic football competition in India which was first held in 1888 in Annadale, Shimla.[2] It is hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS).[3] The tournament is the oldest existing football tournament in Asia and 3rd oldest existing professional club football tournament in the world.[4] Currently, the tournament serves as the pre-season knock-out tournament for India's football clubs from all divisions before the start of the Indian domestic football season each year.[5][6]

The tournament is named after its founder, Sir Mortimer Durand, Foreign Secretary of British India from 1884 to 1894.[7] Since independence, the Army's presence is maintained by the participation of several teams of Indian Armed Forces.[8] Army Green became the latest Army team to win the competition in 2016.[9] At present, Gokulam Kerala is the holder of the Durand Cup.[10]

History[]

Foundation[]

Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, who incorporated the tournament in Shimla, 1888.

The Durand football tournament, known as Durand Cup, was started by Sir Mortimer Durand at Shimla in 1888.[11] Sir Durand was recuperating from illness in Shimla in North India. Having become conscious of the value of sport as a means to maintain health, he decided to present a prize to encourage sporting competition in India. In 1940 the venue of the tournament was shifted to New Delhi.[11]

The Raj Era[]

The Durand Tournament was initially a military affair, open to the Army in India: the British Indian Army, the regular Army and other military units such as provincial frontier-security regiments and the volunteer regiments of the reserves.[12] In practice, however, the native soldiers traditionally preferred field hockey to football, a fact which has been evident from the Indian and Pakistani dominance of that sport in international events such as the Olympics. The exception to this tradition were the Nepali men of the brigades of Gurkhas. Initially, this tended to leave the field open to the British Indian Army until football's popularity took hold and it became the more universal sport it is today.

As World War II broke, the British soldiers left India and the tournament was opened to civilian teams to maintain the level of competition in 1940, which also saw Mohammedan become the first civilian team to win the tournament at the Irwin Amphitheater.[13]

The initial matches were played in Dagshai, which is actually within a short distance outside Shimla, until 1940 when the tournament was permanently relocated to the capital city– Delhi. The inaugural final of the tournament, in 1888, was a Scottish Derby, with the first name on the trophy being the Royal Scots Fusiliers, who beat the Highland Light Infantry with a score of 2–1.[14][15] The Durand Cup was suspended during the two World Wars and the Partition.[16]

Post-Independence[]

Following India's independence in 1947, efforts were made in order to shift the tournament to the newly formed Pakistan, but was strongly resisted the three Service Chiefs and the Defence Secretary of India and ensured that the Durand Cup remains a part of Indian football.[17] Since then the tournament is hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society, a registered society at Delhi, presided by the Chief of Defence Staff (India) and chaired by the three Service Chiefs of Indian Armed Forces.[11][18]

The most successful teams are currently East Bengal Club and Mohun Bagan AC, accounting for no less 32 cup victories over the years, with 16 wins each.[19][20] With the eclipse of high-profile teams of Hyderabad Police and Madras Regimental Centre since 1970 the Durand Cup has been won mostly by teams from Calcutta, such as East Bengal and Mohun Bagan, or by Border Security Force and JCT FC.[20] In 1997, FC Kochin from the south won for the first time.[21][22]

Salgaocar (in green) and BSF players (in red) during the 2008 Durand Cup at the Ambedkar Stadium.

Mahindra United FC won the first title of the 3rd millennium and became the first team from Mumbai to win a repeat victory, following its 1998 win.[23] In recent years however, Goa has also produced a run of winning form. In 2003 Goa matched this feat, when Salgaocar FC added to its 1999 victory.[24] In 2005 another Goan side, Sporting Clube de Goa, missed the title by a whisker when the Army XI produced an upset to win,[25] but the following year was undeniably Goan when a third Goan team, Dempo SC, thrashed JCT by 2–0 in the 2006 final.[26] Recent seasons has been dominated by yet another Goan team, Churchill Brothers FC Goa. They won the tournament three times: in 2007, 2009 and 2011, and narrowly missed a hat-trick, as runners-up in 2008.[27][28][29] Since 2000, only twice the Cup was won by the Indian Armed Force teams, Army XI in 2005,[25] and Army Green in 2016.[30] In 2014 the Durand Cup was held outside Delhi, for the first time since its relocation in 1940, in Goa and Salgaocar FC became the champions for the third time In 2019 Gokulam Kerala FC became the second football club from the south to win the Cup.[31]

The significance of the tournament have dissipated with time but the Indian Armed Forces kept the Durand Tournament tradition alive over the decades. Osian's became the first civilian organisation to co-host the Durand Cup on a 5-year deal with DFTS until 2010, in order to develop the tournament and revive the interest in the game.[32][33] The tournament had been scrapped-off from the calender a number of times without any significant reason, for instance in the years 2015, 2017 and 2018.[34][35]

In 2019 the tournament was jointly organised by the Armed Forces and the Government of West Bengal. In that season Gokulam Kerala FC became the second football club from the south to win the Cup at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan.[36] In 2020, the tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[37][38] In 2021 the Armed Forces decided to host the tournament in West Bengal, jointly with the Government of West Bengal, till .[39] As the significance of the tournament depraved, most of the ISL clubs participating would field their respective reserve squads, in order to focus on the more important league games. But at the 130th edition of the tournament, the organisers took an effort to revive the lost legacy and most clubs decided to field full-strength squads.

Competition format[]

While there is no record of the competition's format in its earlier days, the Durand Cup is played in two phases: round-robin and knockouts.[40]

A total of 16 teams feature in the group stage round, with four groups consisting of four teams each.[41] Each team is allowed to have a minimum of 22 players and a maximum of 30 to complete their team rosters.[41] As for overseas players’ quota, a team is permitted to have only four players in their team, and they could name only three in their starting line-ups.[41]

After the round-robin schedule, the top 1 or 2 teams from each group would progress into the knockout stage, which culminates with 2 teams facing each other in the finals.[42]

Trophy[]

The winning team is presented with three trophies: The Durand Cup (the original tournament trophy, which became a rolling trophy since 1965); the President's Cup (first presented by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India); and the Shimla Trophy (first presented by citizens of Shimla in 1903 and, since 1965 became a rolling trophy).[43]

President's Cup (left), Durand Cup (centre) and Shimla Trophy (right)

Media coverage[]

Records and statistics[]

In finals[]

Team[]

  • Most wins: 16, joint record:
    • Mohun Bagan (1953, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1994, 2000)[44]
    • East Bengal (1951, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1967, 1970, 1972,1978, 1982, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1995, 2002, 2004)[44]
  • Most consecutive wins: 3, joint record:
  • Most appearances: 28
    • Mohun Bagan (1950, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1994, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2009, 2019)[44][50]
  • Most appearances without ever winning: 3
  • Most appearances without ever losing: 3, joint record:
  • Biggest win
  • Highest scoring: 9, joint record:
  • Most goals by a losing side: 4:
  • Most defeats: 12:
    • Mohun Bagan (1950, 1961, 1970, 1972, 1978, 1983, 1987, 1989, 1997, 2004, 2009, 2019)[44]

Finals[]

Year Winners Score Runners-up Ref.
1888 Royal Scots Fusiliers 2–1 Highland Light Infantry [56][57]
1889 Highland Light Infantry 8–1 Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1890 Highland Light Infantry 2–0 Royal Irish Fusiliers
1891 King's Own Scottish Borderers 2–0 East Lancashire Regiment
1892 King's Own Scottish Borderers 3–1 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1893 Highland Light Infantry 2–1 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1894 Highland Light Infantry 2–1 Royal Scots Fusiliers
1895 Highland Light Infantry 1–0 Somerset Light Infantry
1896 Somerset Light Infantry 6–1 Black Watch
1897 Black Watch 1–0 Shimla Rifles (2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifle Corps)
1898 Black Watch 4–0 North Staffordshire Regiment
1899 Black Watch 3–0 Yorkshire Regiment
1900 South Wales Borderers 2–0 East Lancashire Regiment
1901 South Wales Borderers 2–1 South Staffordshire Regiment
1902 Hampshire Regiment 2–1 East Lancashire Regiment
1903 Royal Irish Rifles 2–1 Queen's Regiment
1904 North Staffordshire Regiment 1–0 Black Watch
1905 Royal Dragoons 2–0 Dorsetshire Regiment
1906 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 2–1 Bedfordshire Regiment
1907 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 2–0 Royal Welsh Fusiliers
1908 Lancashire Fusiliers 2–0 Royal Irish Rifles
1909 Lancashire Fusiliers 2–0 King's Regiment
1910 Royal Scots 2–0 King's Royal Rifle Corps
1911 Black Watch 1–0 Lancashire Fusiliers
1912 Royal Scots 1–0 Lancashire Fusiliers
1913 Lancashire Fusiliers 2–0 King's Royal Rifle Corps
1914–19 Tournament not held, due to World War I [57]
1920 Black Watch 2–0 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) [56][57]
1921 Worcestershire Regiment 1–0 Royal Fusiliers
1922 Lancashire Fusiliers 1–0 Royal Field Artillery
1923 Cheshire Regiment 1–0 Essex Regiment
1924 Worcestershire Regiment 2–0 Essex Regiment
1925 Sherwood Foresters 2–0 Worcestershire Regiment
1926 Durham Light Infantry 1–0 Sherwood Foresters
1927 York & Lancaster Regiment 1–0 East Indian Railway Regiment
1928 Sherwood Foresters 4–0 York & Lancaster Regiment
1929 York & Lancaster Regiment 3–0 East Yorkshire Regiment
1930 York & Lancaster Regiment 2–0 Leicestershire Regiment
1931 Devonshire Regiment 3–0 Border Regiment
1932 King's Shropshire Light Infantry 2–1 Devonshire Regiment
1933 King's Shropshire Light Infantry 3–2 Leicestershire Regiment
1934 Royal Signals 3–1 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1935 Border Regiment 1–0 Royal Norfolk Regiment
1936 Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders 2–0 Green Howards
1937 Border Regiment 3–1 Royal Scots
1938 South Wales Borderers 2–0 Border Regiment
1939 Tournament not held, due to World War II [57]
1940 Mohammedan 2–1 Royal Warwickshire Regiment [58]
1941–49 Tournament not held, due to World War II & the Partition of India [57]
1950 Hyderabad City Police 2–2, 1–0 Mohun Bagan [59]
1951 East Bengal 1–1, 2–1 Rajasthan Armed Constabulary [60]
1952 East Bengal 1–0 Hyderabad City Police [61]
1953 Mohun Bagan 4–0 National Defence Academy [62]
1954 Hyderabad City Police 1–1, 1–0 Hindustan Aircraft Limited [63]
1955 Madras Regimental Centre 3–2 Indian Air Force [56][64]
1956 East Bengal 2–0 Hyderabad City Police [56]
1957 Hyderabad City Police 2–1 East Bengal [56]
1958 Madras Regimental Centre 2–0 Gorkha Brigade [56][64]
1959–60 Mohun Bagan 1–1, 3–1 Mohammedan [56]
1960–61 Mohun Bagan AC & SC East Bengal - (joint winners) 1–1, 0–0 [56][57]
1961 Andhra Pradesh Police 1–0 Mohun Bagan
1962 Tournament not held, due to Indo-China War [65]
1963 Mohun Bagan 0–0, 2–0 Andhra Pradesh Police [56][57]
1964 Mohun Bagan 2–0 East Bengal
1965 Mohun Bagan 2–0 Punjab Police
1966 Gorkha Brigade 2–0 Sikh Regimental Centre
1967 East Bengal 1–0 Bengal-Nagpur Railway
1968 Border Security Force 1–0 East Bengal
1969 Gorkha Brigade 1–0 Border Security Force
1970 East Bengal 2–0 Mohun Bagan
1971 Border Security Force 0–0, 1–0 Leaders Club
1972 East Bengal 0–0, 1–0 Mohun Bagan
1973 Border Security Force 2–1 Rajasthan Armed Constabulary (Bikaner)
1974 Mohun Bagan 3–2 JCT
1975 Border Security Force 1–1, 2–1 JCT
1976 Border Security Force & JCT FC - (joint winners) 0-0, 0-0
1977 Mohun Bagan 1–1, 2–1 JCT
1978 East Bengal 3–0 Mohun Bagan
1979 Mohun Bagan 1–0 Punjab Police
1980 Mohun Bagan 1–0 Mohammedan
1981 Border Security Force 1–0 JCT
1982 Mohun Bagan and East Bengal - (joint winners) 0–0
1983 JCT 2–1 Mohun Bagan [66]
1984 Mohun Bagan 2–0 East Bengal [56][57]
1985 Mohun Bagan 0–0 (a.e.t, 3–2 pens) JCT
1986 Mohun Bagan 1–0 East Bengal
1987 JCT 1–0 Mohun Bagan
1988 Border Security Force 3–2 East Bengal
1989 East Bengal 0–0 (a.e.t, 3–1 pens) Mohun Bagan
1990 East Bengal 3–2 Mahindra United
1991 East Bengal 1–1 (a.e.t, 5–3 pens) Border Security Force
1992 JCT 1–0 Mohammedan
1993 East Bengal 1–0 Punjab State Electricity Board
1994 Mohun Bagan 1–0 East Bengal [67]
1995–96 East Bengal 0–0 (a.e.t, 4–3 pens) Tata Football Academy [56][57]
1996 JCT 1–0 Al-Naft
1997 FC Kochin 3–1 Mohun Bagan [22]
1998 Mahindra United 2–1 East Bengal [56][57]
1999 Salgaocar 0–0 (a.e.t, 3–2 pens) East Bengal
2000 Mohun Bagan 1–1, 1–0 (Golden goal) Mahindra United [68]
2001–02 Mahindra United 5–0 Churchill Brothers [69]
2002–03 East Bengal 3–0 Army XI [70]
2003 Salgaocar 1–1 (a.e.t, 4–3 pens) East Bengal [71]
2004 East Bengal 2–1 Mohun Bagan [72]
2005 Army XI 0–0 (a.e.t, 5–4 pens) Sporting Goa [73]
2006 Dempo 1–0 JCT [74]
2007 Churchill Brothers 1–0 Mahindra United [75]
2008 Mahindra United 3–2 Churchill Brothers [76]
2009 Churchill Brothers 3–1 Mohun Bagan [77]
2010 Prayag United 1–0 JCT [56]
2011 Churchill Brothers 5–4 Prayag United [78]
2012 Air India 3–2 Dodsal [79]
2013 Mohammedan 2–1 ONGC [80]
2014 Salgaocar 1–0 Pune [52]
2016 Army Green 0–0 (a.e.t, 6–5 pens) NEROCA [81]
2019 Gokulam Kerala 2–1 Mohun Bagan [82]
2020 Tournament not held due to COVID-19 pandemic [83]
2021 [to be determined] [to be determined]

Performance by team[]

Team Champion Runners-up Win % in Finals Last win
East Bengal 16 10 61.54 2004
Mohun Bagan 16 12 55.17 2000
Border Security Force 7 2 77.78 1988
JCT 5 6 45.4 1996
Black Watch 5 2 71.4 1920
Highland Light Infantry 5 1 83.3 1895
Hyderabad City Police 4 3 57.1 1954
Lancashire Fusiliers 4 2 66.6 1922
Mahindra United 3 3 50.0 2008
York & Lancaster Regiment 3 1 75.0 1930
Churchill Brothers 3 2 60.0 2011
Salgaocar 3 0 100 2014
Mohammedan 2 2 50.0 2013
Border Regiment 2 2 50.0 1937
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 2 1 66.6 1907
Gorkha Brigade 2 1 66.6 1969
Royal Scots Fusiliers 2 1 66.6 1912
Sherwood Foresters 2 1 66.6 1928
King's Shropshire Light Infantry 2 0 100 1933
Madras Regimental Centre 2 0 100 1958
King's Own Scottish Borderers 2 0 100 1892
South Wales Borderers 2 0 100 1901
FC Kochin 1 0 100 1997
United 1 0 100 2010
Air India 1 0 100 2012
Army Green 1 0 100 2016
Gokulam Kerala FC 1 0 100 2019

See also[]

References[]

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