Ectotympanic

The ectotympanic, or tympanicum, is a bony ring in the tympanic part of the temporal bone that holds the eardrum, or tympanic membrane.^[1] Its position and attachment to the skull vary within mammals, and particularly primates, and can be either inside or outside the auditory bulla.^[2]^[3]

It is homologous with the angular bone.

References[]

^ Ankel-Simons, F. (2007). Primate Anatomy (3rd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 435–436. ISBN 0-12-372576-3.
^ Archibald, J.D. (1977). "Ectotympanic bone and internal carotid circulation of eutherians in reference to anthropoid origins". Journal of Human Evolution. 6 (7): 609–622. doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(77)80134-6.
^ Sellers, W.I. "Strepsirhine/Haplorhine Split" (PDF). Retrieved 18 August 2010.^{[permanent dead link]}

External links[]

webref: Anthropology
Hershkovitz P (1974). "The Ectotympanic Bone and Origin of Higher Primates" (PDF). Folia Primatologica. 22 (4): 237–42. doi:10.1159/000155628. PMID 4218574.
Jones FW, Lambert VF (October 1939). "The occurrence of the lemurine form of the ectotympanic in a primitive marsupial". J. Anat. 74 (Pt 1): 72–5. PMC 1252559. PMID 17104802.

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[1] Ankel-Simons, F. (2007). Primate Anatomy (3rd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 435–436. ISBN 0-12-372576-3.

[2] Archibald, J.D. (1977). "Ectotympanic bone and internal carotid circulation of eutherians in reference to anthropoid origins". Journal of Human Evolution. 6 (7): 609–622. doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(77)80134-6.

[3] Sellers, W.I. "Strepsirhine/Haplorhine Split" (PDF). Retrieved 18 August 2010.^{[permanent dead link]}

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