Egremont (UK Parliament constituency)

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Egremont
Former County constituency
for the House of Commons
1885–1918
Number of membersone
Replaced byWhitehaven
Created fromWest Cumberland
1295–1295
Replaced byCumberland
Created fromCumberland

Egremont was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Egremont in Cumberland. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.

Boundaries[]

This county constituency was a division of the historic county of Cumberland in North West England. Although the area had an alternative designation of the Western division of the county, it was actually the southernmost constituency in the county, with the sea to the south and west and the boundaries with the historic counties of Lancashire and Westmorland to the east. The Cumberland divisions of Cockermouth and Penrith were to the north.

The borough constituency of Whitehaven was, apart from the sea to its west, enclaved in the north west part of this constituency. Non resident freeholders from the town were qualified to vote in the county seat. In 1918 the Whitehaven borough constituency and the Egremont county division were, in effect, merged to form a new Whitehaven county constituency.

History[]

Egremont was represented as a two-member constituency, in the Model Parliament of 1295. The town was subsequently represented only as part of the county of Cumberland.

From 1832 until 1885 the historic county of Cumberland was split for parliamentary purposes into two county divisions. These were East Cumberland (with a place of election, in the part of the period when all votes were still cast in one location in a constituency, at Carlisle) and West Cumberland (where voting took place at Cockermouth). Each division returned two members to Parliament.

The parliamentary borough included in the area of the county divisions (whose non-resident 40 shilling freeholders voted in the county constituency) were for the East division; Carlisle and for the West division; Cockermouth and Whitehaven. (Source: Stooks Smith).

The constituency was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1918 general election. The division was named after the small town of Egremont.

It was an area with a mixed economy. Ironstone mining and a blast furnace employed many people and there were some inhabitants engaged in shipbuilding. It was estimated that in the late nineteenth century, 1 in 11 of the adult male population of Cumberland worked in mining and 1 in 5 in heavy industry. There were also a lot of small freehold farmers in the more rural parts of the constituency, who were thought to be the source of Conservative strength at elections.

The area usually returned Conservative Members of Parliament, but was prepared to elect a Liberal in a good year for that party. Pelling suggests that the substantial Irish element in the divisions population (who had arrived to work as labourers as the county industrialised in the 1860s) were responsible for Liberal victories, at elections when Irish Nationalists were strongly supporting the Liberals. In any event the Conservatives won six and the Liberals two of the seats eight general elections.

Members of Parliament[]

Election Member Party
1885 Jocelyn Pennington a Conservative
1892 David Ainsworth Liberal
1895 Conservative
1900 James Bain Conservative
1906 Hugh Fullerton Liberal
1910 James Augustus Grant Conservative
1918 constituency abolished

Note:-

  • a Peer of Ireland when a member of the House of Commons.

Elections[]

Elections in the 1880s[]

General election 1885: Egremont[1]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Josslyn Pennington 3,990 53.6
Liberal David Ainsworth 3,453 46.4
Majority 537 7.2
Turnout 7,443 82.3
Registered electors 9,043
Conservative win (new seat)
General election 1886: Egremont[2]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Josslyn Pennington 3,583 51.2 -2.4
Liberal David Ainsworth 3,419 48.8 +2.4
Majority 164 2.4 -4.8
Turnout 7,002 77.4 -4.9
Registered electors 9,043
Conservative hold Swing -2.4

Elections in the 1890s[]

General election 1892: Egremont [3]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal David Ainsworth 3,849 53.3 +4.5
Conservative Josslyn Pennington 3,378 46.7 −4.5
Majority 471 6.6 N/A
Turnout 7,227 78.5 +1.1
Registered electors 9,205
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +4.5
General election 1895: Egremont[4]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Hubert Duncombe 3,717 50.9 +4.2
Liberal David Ainsworth 3,586 49.1 -4.2
Majority 131 1.8 N/A
Turnout 7,303 70.1 -8.4
Registered electors 10,424
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +4.2

Elections in the 1900s[]

General election 1900: Egremont[5]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Bain 3,917 53.7 +2.8
Liberal David Ainsworth 3,377 46.3 −2.8
Majority 540 7.4 +5.6
Turnout 7,294 78.4 +8.3
Registered electors 9,303
Conservative hold Swing +2.8
Hugh Fullerton
General election 1906: Egremont[6]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Hugh Fullerton 4,067 55.5 +9.2
Conservative E.J.M. Lumb 3,255 44.5 -9.2
Majority 812 11.0 N/A
Turnout 7,322 80.5 +2.1
Registered electors 9,093
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +9.2

Elections in the 1910s[]

General election January 1910: Egremont[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Grant 4,060 50.7 +6.2
Liberal Hugh Fullerton 3,949 49.3 −6.2
Majority 111 1.4 N/A
Turnout 8,009 87.1 +6.6
Registered electors 9,199
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +6.2
General election December 1910: Egremont[8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Grant 4,013 51.6 +0.9
Liberal William Edward Moulsdale 3,763 48.4 -0.9
Majority 250 3.2 +1.8
Turnout 7,776 84.5 -2.6
Registered electors 9,199
Conservative hold Swing +0.9

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

See also[]

  • Parliamentary Franchise in the United Kingdom 1885-1918

References[]

  1. ^ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  2. ^ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  3. ^ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  4. ^ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  5. ^ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  6. ^ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  7. ^ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
  8. ^ British parliamentary election results 1885-1918
  • Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
  • British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1974)
  • The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
  • Social Geography of British Elections 1885-1910. by Henry Pelling (Macmillan 1967)
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "E" (part 1)
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