Elachista

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For the genus of Chordariaceae brown algae, see . As invalidly described by V. Kollar in 1832, Elachista refers to the Lyonetiidae moth genus Lyonetia.

Elachista
Elachista argentella-01 (xndr).jpg
Adult Elachista argentella
at IJmuiden, the Netherlands
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Elachistidae
Subfamily: Elachistinae
Genus: Elachista
Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1833
Type species
Elachista bifasciella
Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1833
Species

Numerous, see text

Synonyms

Numerous, see text

Elachista is a genus of gelechioid moths described by Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1833. It is the type genus of the grass-miner moth family (Elachistidae). This family is sometimes (in particular in older sources) circumscribed very loosely, including for example the Agonoxenidae and Ethmiidae which seem to be quite distinct among the Gelechioidea, as well as other lineages which are widely held to be closer to Oecophora than to Elachista and are thus placed in the concealer moth family Oecophoridae here.[1]

These grass-miners are very small moths with the "feathery" hindwings characteristic of their family. They are essentially found worldwide, except in very cold places and on some oceanic islands; as usual for Gelechioidea, they are most common in the Palearctic however. They usually have at least one, sometimes as many as three light bands running from leading to trailing edge of their forewing uppersides. Some species, however, have upper forewings that are mostly white.[2]

Selected species[]

Not all species of this large genus have been discovered yet, let alone validly described and named. Several small genera, e.g. Biselachista and Cosmiotes, are here included in Elachista as junior synonyms (see below). They seem to be at least as closely related to E. bifasciella (the type species of the present genus) than other species commonly placed here, if not actually closer. In addition, Elachista contains several cryptic species complexes – such as the one around E. dispunctella and E. triseriatella – whose systematics and taxonomy are still not fully resolved.[3]

A number of Elachista species have been assigned to one of several groups, which may or may not be monophyletic, and whose names in the literature do not consistently follow the usual taxonomic practice (i.e. using as namesake the group-member which was described first). Some of these groups are placed in either of the two large subgenera Elachista (Aphelosetia) and Elachista (Elachista). Other proposed subgenera – the small Elachista (Dibrachia) and Elachista (Hemiprosopa) – are here included in the species of unclear relationships; like some small species-groups, they stand a chance of rendering the two larger subgenera paraphyletic if accepted as distinct, but seem too unlike them to warrant placement in either.[4]

Subgenus Elachista (Aphelosetia)[]

argentella group (sometimes in bedellella group)

Adult male Elachista pullicomella specimen from Tvärminne, Hanko Peninsula, Finland

bedellella/unifasciella group (including collitella group)

  • Elachista adscitella Stainton, 1851
  • Elachista antonia Kaila, 2007
  • Elachista bedellella (Sircom, 1848)
  • Elachista bisulcella (Duponchel, [1843])
  • Elachista bruuni Traugott-Olsen, 1990
  • Elachista camilla Kaila, 2007
  • Elachista cahorsensis Traugott-Olsen, 1992
  • Elachista chrysodesmella Zeller, 1850
  • Elachista cingillella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Elachista collitella (Duponchel, [1843])
  • Elachista crocogastra Meyrick, 1908
  • Elachista dispilella Zeller, 1839
  • Elachista dispunctella (Duponchel, [1843])
  • Elachista distigmatella Frey, 1859
  • Elachista dorinda Kaila, 2007
  • Elachista fasciola Parenti, 1983
  • Elachista festucicolella Zeller, 1853
  • Elachista gangabella Zeller, 1850
  • Elachista gregori Traugott-Olsen, 1988
  • Elachista heinemanni[verification needed] Frey, 1866 (sometimes in E. subalbidella; tentatively placed here)
  • Elachista istanella Nielsen[verification needed] & Traugott-Olsen, 1987
  • Elachista laetella Rebel, 1930 (sometimes in E. subalbidella; tentatively placed here)
  • Elachista levasi Sruoga, 1998
  • Elachista littoricola Le Marchand, 1938
  • Elachista lugdunensis Frey, 1859
  • Elachista metella Kaila, 2002
  • Elachista nedaella Traugott-Olsen, 1985
  • Elachista nitidulella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Elachista nolckeni Sulcs, 1992 (tentatively placed here)
  • Elachista obliquella Stainton, 1854
  • Elachista pollinariella Zeller, 1839
  • Elachista pollutissima Staudinger, 1880
  • Elachista pullicomella
  • Elachista purella Sruoga, 2000
  • Elachista revinctella Zeller, 1850
  • Elachista rudectella Stainton, 1851
  • Elachista slivenica Kaila, 2007
  • Elachista squamosella (Duponchel, [1843])
  • Elachista subalbidella
  • Elachista subocellea
  • Elachista sutteri Kaila, 2002
  • Elachista tinctella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista titanella Kaila & Jalava, 1994
  • Elachista triseriatella Stainton, 1854
  • Elachista unifasciella (Haworth, 1828)
  • Elachista versicolora Kaila, 2007
  • Elachista cf. dispunctella 'Volgograd Oblast'[5]

Elachista (Aphelosetia) incertae sedis

Subgenus Elachista (Atachia)[]

These are sorted in the presumed phylogenetic sequence.[6]

gerasmia group, gerasmia section

gerasmia group, catarata section

erebophthalma group

  • Elachista erebophthalma
  • Elachista evexa
  • Elachista rhomboidea
  • Elachista leucastra

puplesisi group

  • Elachista helia Kaila & Sruoga, 2014
  • Elachista puplesisi Sruoga, 2000

Subgenus Elachista (Hemiprosopa)[]

  • Elachista altaica Sinev, 1998
  • Elachista dasycara Kaila, 1999 (=albella (Chambers, 1877) nec Muller, 1776)

Subgenus Elachista (Elachista)[]

Adult female Elachista apicipunctella specimen from Sonkajärvi (Finland)
Adult Elachista maculicerusella specimen from Hellerup (Denmark)
Adult male Elachista gleichenella specimen from Kangasniemi (Finland)
Adult male Elachista humilis specimen from Sonkajärvi (Finland)
Adult female Elachista exactella specimen from Sonkajärvi, Finland
Adult male Elachista exactella specimen
Adult Elachista synethes specimen ventral

"Cosmiotes"/freyerella group

Adult female Elachista eleochariella specimen from Sonkajärvi (Finland)

tetragonella group

  • Elachista abiskoella Bengtsson, 1977
  • Elachista agilis Braun, 1921
  • Elachista albidella
  • Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848)
  • Elachista bipunctella (Sinev & Sruoga, 1995)
  • Elachista boursini Amsel, 1951
  • Elachista christenseni Traugott-Olsen, 2000
  • Elachista cinereopunctella (Haworth, 1828)
  • Elachista cucullata Braun, 1921
  • Elachista dimicatella Rebel, 1903
  • Elachista eleochariella
  • Elachista ensifera
  • Elachista falirakiensis Traugott-Olsen, 2000
  • Elachista fulgens Parenti, 1983 (tentatively placed here)
  • Elachista glaserella Traugott-Olsen, 2000
  • Elachista imatrella von Schantz, 1971
  • Elachista jordanella Amsel, 1935
  • Elachista juliensis Frey, 1870 = E. freyi Staudinger, 1871 (type of Biselachista)
  • Elachista kebneella (Traugott-Olsen & Nielsen[verification needed], 1977)
  • Elachista kleini Amsel, 1935
  • Elachista kobomugi Sugisima, 1999
  • Elachista leucosticta Braun, 1948
  • Elachista leucosyrma (Meyrick, 1932) (type of Platyphyllis)
  • Elachista martinii Hofmann, [1898]
  • Elachista nevadella Traugott-Olsen, 2000
  • Elachista occidentalis Frey, 1882
  • Elachista ornithopodella Frey, 1859
  • Elachista pigerella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) (type of Atachia)
  • Elachista quadripunctella (Hübner, [1825])
  • Elachista ribentella Kaila & Varalda, 2004
  • Elachista saarelai
  • Elachista salinaris Braun, 1925
  • Elachista scirpi Stainton, 1887
  • Elachista serricornis
  • Elachista spinigera (Sruoga, 1990)
  • Elachista tetragonella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Elachista trapeziella Stainton, 1849
  • Elachista utonella Frey, 1856
  • Elachista zabella Chrétien, 1908
  • Elachista zonulae (Sruoga, 1992)
  • Elachista cf. biatomella 'Ajat River'[5]

Elachista (Elachista) incertae sedis

  • Elachista absaroka Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista adelpha Kaila & Jalava, 1994
  • Elachista albicapilla Höfner, 1918
  • Elachista albicapitella Engel, 1907
  • Elachista albisquamella Zeller, 1877
  • Elachista amideta Braun, 1948
  • Elachista amseli (Parenti, 1981)
  • Elachista anserinelloides Nel, 2003
  • Elachista aphanta Turner, 1923
  • Elachista archaeonoma Meyrick, 1889
  • Elachista argentifasciella Höfner, 1898
  • Elachista argentosa Braun, 1920
  • Elachista arnoldi (Koster, 1993)
  • Elachista beothucella Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista bicingulella Sruoga, 1992
  • Elachista bifurcatella (Sinev & Sruoga, 1995)
  • Elachista bisetella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista brachyelythrifoliella Clemens, 1864
  • Elachista brachyplectra Meyrick, 1921
  • Elachista brachypterella (Klimesch, 1990)
  • Elachista bromella Chretien, 1915
  • Elachista caelebs Meyrick, 1933
  • Elachista calusella Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista cana Braun, 1920
  • Elachista canariella Nielsen[verification needed] & Traugott-Olsen, 1987
  • Elachista canis Parenti, 1983
  • Elachista cerasella Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista ciliigera Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista colouratella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista confirmata Meyrick, 1931
  • Elachista contaminatella Zeller, 1847
  • Elachista cornutifera (Sruoga, 1995)
  • Elachista dubitella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista devexella Kaila, 2003
  • Elachista differens Parenti, 1978
  • Elachista encumeadae Kaila & Karsholt, 2002
  • Elachista ermolenkoi Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista exaula Meyrick, 1889
  • Elachista falaxella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista fuliginea Braun, 1948
  • Elachista fumosella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista geminatella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
  • Elachista glenni Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista grandiferella Sruoga, 1992
  • Elachista griseella (Duponchel, 1843)
  • Elachista griseola Diakonoff, 1955
  • Elachista gruenewaldi Parenti, 2002
  • Elachista helonoma Meyrick, 1889
  • Elachista huron Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista ibericella Traugott-Olsen, 1995
  • Elachista igaloensis (Amsel, 1951)
  • Elachista inaudita Braun, 1927
  • Elachista irenae Buszko, 1989
  • Elachista irrorata Braun, 1920
  • Elachista japonica (Parenti, 1983)
  • Elachista kaszabi Parenti, 1991
  • Elachista kebneella (Traugott-Olsen, 1977)
  • Elachista kopetdagica (Sruoga, 1990)
  • Elachista kosteri Traugott-Olsen, 1995
  • Elachista lambeseella Nielsen & Traugott-Olsen, 1987
  • Elachista latebrella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista lenape Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista leucofrons Braun, 1920
  • Elachista maculosella Chrétien, 1896
  • Elachista maritimella McDunnough, 1942
  • Elachista megagnathos Sruoga, 1990
  • Elachista metallica Parenti, 1981
  • Elachista minuta (Parenti, 2003)
  • Elachista mongolica Parenti, 1991
  • Elachista morandinii Huemer[verification needed] & Kaila, 2003
  • Elachista multidentella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista napaea Philpot, 1930
  • Elachista nearcha Meyrick, 1910
  • Elachista nigrothoracella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista nitidiuscula Braun, 1948
  • Elachista olgae (Sinev, 1992)
  • Elachista ombrodoca Meyrick, 1889
  • Elachista opacella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista optatella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista orientella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista parasella Traugott-Olsen, 1974
  • Elachista pelaena Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista plagiaula (Meyrick, 1938)
  • Elachista pravella (Sinev & Sruoga, 1995)
  • Elachista pusillella (Sinev & Sruoga, 1995)
  • Elachista putris Meyrick, 1923
  • Elachista pyrrha Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista radiantella Braun, 1922
  • Elachista rufella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista sagittifera Philpott, 1927
  • Elachista sagittiferella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista sasae Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista serra Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista sicula Parenti, 1978
  • Elachista simplimorphella Sinev & Sruoga, 1995
  • Elachista solitaria Braun, 1922
  • Elachista staintonella Chamber, 1878
  • Elachista stenopterella Rebel, 1932
  • Elachista stramineola Braun, 1921
  • Elachista strepens Meyrick, 1922
  • Elachista sylvestris Braun, 1920
  • Elachista tabghaella Amsel, 1935
  • Elachista talgarella Kaila, 1992
  • Elachista tersella (Sinev & Sruoga, 1995)
  • Elachista thallophora Meyrick, 1889
  • Elachista vakshi (Sruoga, 1992)
  • Elachista vinlandica Kaila, 1996
  • Elachista watti Philpott, 1924

Other groups[]

Some Elachista are divided into groups whose relationships to the two large subgenera requires further study, including:[8]

Incertae sedis[]

Additional Elachista species are of even more uncertain relationships than usual for this genus:[9]

Placement within Elachista uncertain[]

Excluded species[]

The following species are excluded from the genus Elachista, but have not yet been placed in another genus:

  • Elachista arctodyta Meyrick, 1897
  • Elachista argopis Meyrick, 1897
  • Elachista cataptila Meyrick, 1897
  • Elachista demogenes Meyrick, 1897
  • Elachista parvipulvella Chambers 1875

Former species[]

  • Elachista antipodensis (Dugdale, 1971)
  • Elachista arundinella (Duponchel, 1843)
  • Elachista megerlella (Hubner, 1810)
  • Elachista notosema (Meyrick, 1922)
  • Elachista scythrodes (Turner, 1947)
  • Elachista tersectella Zeller, 1875
  • Elachista toropis Meyrick, 1897

Synonyms[]

Invalid scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Elachista in the circumscription as presented here are:[10]

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ AEBR (2008), FE (2009)
  2. ^ AEBR (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)
  3. ^ Kusdas & Reichl (1973): 194, Pitkin & Jenkins (2004), AEBR (2008), FE (2009), and see references in Savela (2008)
  4. ^ FE (2009), Wikispecies (2009-SEP-27), and see references in Savela (2008)
  5. ^ a b c d See references in Savela (2008)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kaila (2011)
  7. ^ a b Sorted in the presumed phylogenetic sequence (Kaila, 2011).
  8. ^ ABRS (2008), FE (2009), Wikispecies (2009-SEP-27)
  9. ^ Wikispecies (2009-SEP-27), and see references in Savela (2008)
  10. ^ AEBR (2008), FE (2009), Wikispecies (2009-SEP-27), and see references in Savela (2008)

References[]

Data related to Elachista at Wikispecies

  • Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) (2008): Australian Faunal Directory – Elachista. Version of 9 October 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  • Fauna Europaea (FE) (2009): Elachista. Version 2.1, 22 December 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  • Kaila, Lauri (2011): Elachistine Moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea, Elachistidae) (Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera Series 11). CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-10305-4. Preview at Google Books
  • Kusdas, Karl & Reichl, Ernst Rudolf (eds.) (1973): Schmetterlinge Oberösterreichs (Vol. 6: Microlepidoptera) [in German]. Landwirtschaftskammer für Oberösterreich.
  • Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul (2004): Butterflies and Moths of the World, Generic Names and their Type-species – Elachista. Version of 5 November 2004. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  • Savela, Markku (2008): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms – Elachista. Version of 19 July 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
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